Counterexamples in scale calculus.

abstract：:We have previously reported that in four transcription factor families the DNA-recognition rules can be described as (i) chemical rules, which list possible pairings between the 20 amino acid residues and the four DNA bases, and (ii) stereochemical rules, which describe the base and amino acid positions in contact. We...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Suzuki M,Yagi N

更新日期：1994-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The coding sequence for Anabaena 7120 glutamine synthetase [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.3.1.1] are shown to be contained within a 7.5-kilobase-pair (kbp) HindIII fragment that has been cloned by plaque hybridization. The hybridization probe for the cyanobacterial gene was a recombinant plasmid conta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fisher R,Tuli R,Haselkorn R

更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydra interstitial stem cells continuously give rise to daughter stem cells as well as precursors for nerve and nematocyte differentiation. Growth of the stem cell population is controlled by the self-renewal probability (Ps): Ps is the fraction of stem cell daughters that remain stem cells in each generation. We have...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： David CN,MacWilliams H

更新日期：1978-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nuclear receptor Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter-Transcription Factor II (COUP-TFII) is an important coordinator of glucose homeostasis through its function in different organs such as the endocrine pancreas, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver. Recently we have demonstrated that COUP-TFII expression in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sabra-Makke L,Maritan M,Planchais J,Boutant M,Pégorier JP,Even PC,Vasseur-Cognet M,Bossard P

更新日期：2013-03-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclotides are plant defense peptides that have been extensively investigated for pharmaceutical and agricultural applications, but key details of their posttranslational biosynthesis have remained elusive. Asparaginyl endopeptidases are crucial in the final stage of the head-to-tail cyclization reaction, but the enzy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rehm FBH,Jackson MA,De Geyter E,Yap K,Gilding EK,Durek T,Craik DJ

更新日期：2019-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:A readily accessible new class of near infrared (NIR) molecular probes has been synthesized and evaluated. Specific fluorophores in this unique xanthene based regioisomeric seminaphthofluorone dye series exhibit a combination of desirable characteristics including (i) low molecular weight (339 amu), (ii) aqueous solub...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang Y,Lowry M,Xu X,Escobedo JO,Sibrian-Vazquez M,Wong L,Schowalter CM,Jensen TJ,Fronczek FR,Warner IM,Strongin RM

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cellulose synthesizing terminal complex consisting of subunits A, B, C, and D in Acetobacter xylinum spans the outer and inner cell membranes to synthesize and extrude glucan chains, which are assembled into subelementary fibrils and further into a ribbon. We determined the structures of subunit D (AxCeSD/AxBcsD) ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hu SQ,Gao YG,Tajima K,Sunagawa N,Zhou Y,Kawano S,Fujiwara T,Yoda T,Shimura D,Satoh Y,Munekata M,Tanaka I,Yao M

更新日期：2010-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Metazoan arrestins bind to seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptors to regulate function. Aspergillus nidulans PalF, a protein involved in the fungal ambient pH signaling pathway, contains arrestin N-terminal and C-terminal domains and binds strongly to two different regions within the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of the 7T...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Herranz S,Rodríguez JM,Bussink HJ,Sánchez-Ferrero JC,Arst HN Jr,Peñalva MA,Vincent O

更新日期：2005-08-23 00:00:00

abstract：:A computer code to investigate the equilibrium and stability of a diffuse plasma in three dimensions is described that generalizes earlier work on a sharp free boundary model. Toroidal equilibria of a plasma are determined by considering paths of steepest descent associated with a new version of the variational princi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Betancourt O,Garabedian P

更新日期：1976-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent genome-wide association studies have revealed some genetic loci associated with serum uric acid levels and susceptibility to gout/hyperuricemia which contain potential candidates of physiologically important urate transporters. One of these novel loci is located upstream of SGK1 and SLC2A12, suggesting that var...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Toyoda Y,Takada T,Miyata H,Matsuo H,Kassai H,Nakao K,Nakatochi M,Kawamura Y,Shimizu S,Shinomiya N,Ichida K,Hosoyamada M,Aiba A,Suzuki H

更新日期：2020-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Transient cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) elevations are early events in plant signaling pathways including those related to abiotic stress. The restoration of [Ca(2+)](cyt) to prestimulus levels involves ATP-driven Ca(2+) pumps, but direct evidence for an essential role of a plant Ca(2+)-ATPase in abiotic stress ada...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qudeimat E,Faltusz AM,Wheeler G,Lang D,Holtorf H,Brownlee C,Reski R,Frank W

更新日期：2008-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The first definitive/adult-type hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the mouse aorta-gonad-mesonephros region emerge between embryonic days 10.5 and 11.5. The discovery of clusters of hematopoietic cells on the ventral luminal surface of the dorsal aorta in various vertebrate species has led to speculation that the floo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Taoudi S,Medvinsky A

更新日期：2007-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Hookworms are hematophagous nematodes that infect a wide range of mammalian hosts, including humans. There has been speculation for nearly a century as to the identity of the anticoagulant substances) used by these organisms to subvert host hemostasis. Using molecular cloning, we describe a family of potent small prot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stassens P,Bergum PW,Gansemans Y,Jespers L,Laroche Y,Huang S,Maki S,Messens J,Lauwereys M,Cappello M,Hotez PJ,Lasters I,Vlasuk GP

更新日期：1996-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:We have determined the complete primary structure of human hemopexin, a plasma beta-glycoprotein that specifically binds one heme with high affinity and transports it to hepatocytes for salvage of the iron. Human hemopexin (Mr approximately equal to 63,000) consists of a single polypeptide chain containing 439 amino a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Takahashi N,Takahashi Y,Putnam FW

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucocorticoid and cyclic AMP increase tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and mRNA levels in pheochromocytoma cultures. The transcriptional activity of the TH gene, as measured by nuclear run-on assay, is also increased when cultures are treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone or agents that increase i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lewis EJ,Harrington CA,Chikaraishi DM

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immunoglobulin light chain is thought to be organized into two structural domains, the constant and the variable regions, linked by a switch region of lesser tertiary organization. Light chains of homogeneous rabbit antibodies to pneumococcal polysaccharides labeled with (125)I were subjected to trypsin digestion ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Poulsen K,Fraser KJ,Haber E

更新日期：1972-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence of pediatric adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) in southern Brazil is 10-15 times higher than that of pediatric ACC worldwide. Because childhood ACC is associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, we examined the cancer history and p53 status of 36 Brazilian patients and their families. Remarkably, 35 of 36 patie...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ribeiro RC,Sandrini F,Figueiredo B,Zambetti GP,Michalkiewicz E,Lafferty AR,DeLacerda L,Rabin M,Cadwell C,Sampaio G,Cat I,Stratakis CA,Sandrini R

更新日期：2001-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Two types of progenitor cells of the human granulocytic and monocytic lineages (CFU-GM) can be distinguished by using mouse monoclonal antibodies against human hemopoietic cells. Type 1 CFU-GM contribute all of the peripheral blood CFU-GM as well as a small fraction of bone marrow CFU-GM and express surface antigens r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ferrero D,Broxmeyer HE,Pagliardi GL,Venuta S,Lange B,Pessano S,Rovera G

更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses of subtypes H5 and H7 are the causative agents of fowl plague in poultry. Influenza A viruses of subtype H5N1 also caused severe respiratory disease in humans in Hong Kong in 1997 and 2003, including at least seven fatal cases, posing a serious human pandemic threat. Between...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fouchier RA,Schneeberger PM,Rozendaal FW,Broekman JM,Kemink SA,Munster V,Kuiken T,Rimmelzwaan GF,Schutten M,Van Doornum GJ,Koch G,Bosman A,Koopmans M,Osterhaus AD

更新日期：2004-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The rotation of Paracoccus denitrificans F1-ATPase (PdF1) was studied using single-molecule microscopy. At all concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or a slowly hydrolyzable ATP analog (ATPγS), above or below Km, PdF1 showed three dwells per turn, each separated by 120°. Analysis of dwell time between steps s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zarco-Zavala M,Watanabe R,McMillan DGG,Suzuki T,Ueno H,Mendoza-Hoffmann F,García-Trejo JJ,Noji H

更新日期：2020-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Morphogenesis often yields organs with robust size and shapes, whereas cell growth and deformation feature significant spatiotemporal variability. Here, we investigate whether tissue responses to mechanical signals contribute to resolve this apparent paradox. We built a model of growing tissue made of fiber-like mater...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fruleux A,Boudaoud A

更新日期：2019-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Calendar date of the beginning of the growing season at high altitude in the Colorado Rocky Mountains is variable but has not changed significantly over the past 25 years. This result differs from growing evidence from low altitudes that climate change is resulting in a longer growing season, earlier migrations, and e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Inouye DW,Barr B,Armitage KB,Inouye BD

更新日期：2000-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibodies to the insulin receptor were prepared in BALB/c mice by immunization with IM-9 human lymphocytes, a cell type that has a large number of plasma membrane insulin receptors. The spleens of these mice were then removed, and their lymphocytes were fused to a mouse myeloma cell line, FO cells. After screening ov...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roth RA,Cassell DJ,Wong KY,Maddux BA,Goldfine ID

更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Differential scanning microcalorimetry provides a noninvasive method for studying heat evolution in living cells. We used this technique to measure the heat evolved by thioglycollate broth-elicited mouse macrophages, and the effects of NaF, KCN, cycloheximide, and cytochalasins B and D on this parameter. The total hea...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Loike JD,Silverstein SC,Sturtevant JM

更新日期：1981-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Delayed implantation (embryonic diapause) occurs when the embryo at the blastocyst stage achieves a state of suspended animation. During this period, blastocyst growth is very slow, with minimal or no cell division. Nearly 100 mammals in seven different orders undergo delayed implantation, but the underlying molecular...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hamatani T,Daikoku T,Wang H,Matsumoto H,Carter MG,Ko MS,Dey SK

更新日期：2004-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Recombinant DNA molecule of phage lambda formed in Escherichia coli in the presence of chloramphenicol and/or rifampin can be assayed by their biological activity. recA- cells were found to be capable of forming recombinant lambda phage DNA in the presence of chloramphenicol. The relatively high recA-independent recom...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ikeda H,Kobayashi I

更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We present the complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of a mouse epidermal keratin subunit of 60,000 Da. The keratin possesses a central alpha-helical domain of four tracts (termed 1A, 1B, 2A, and 2B) that can form coiled-coils, interspersed by short linker sequences, and has non-alpha-helical terminal d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Steinert PM,Parry DA,Racoosin EL,Idler WW,Steven AC,Trus BL,Roop DR

更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Emerging and reemerging viruses are responsible for a number of recent epidemic outbreaks. A crucial step in predicting and controlling outbreaks is the timely and accurate characterization of emerging virus strains. We present a portable microfluidic platform containing carbon nanotube arrays with differential filtra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yeh YT,Gulino K,Zhang Y,Sabestien A,Chou TW,Zhou B,Lin Z,Albert I,Lu H,Swaminathan V,Ghedin E,Terrones M

更新日期：2020-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:As an electron transfer-driven proton pump, cytochrome c oxidase (ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.9.3.1) must alternate between two conformations in each valence state of the redox element associated with ion translocation. Using second derivative absorption spectroscopy, the conformation of the cytochro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Copeland RA

更新日期：1991-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The rugged folding-energy landscapes of RNAs often display many competing minima. How do RNAs discriminate among competing conformations in their search for the native state? By using optical tweezers, we show that the folding-energy landscape can be manipulated to control the fate of an RNA: individual RNA molecules ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li PT,Bustamante C,Tinoco I Jr

更新日期：2007-04-24 00:00:00