Abstract:
:Glucocorticoid and cyclic AMP increase tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and mRNA levels in pheochromocytoma cultures. The transcriptional activity of the TH gene, as measured by nuclear run-on assay, is also increased when cultures are treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone or agents that increase intracellular cyclic AMP, such as forskolin and 8-BrcAMP. Both inducers effect transcriptional changes within 10 min after treatment and are maximal after 30 min for forskolin and after 60 min for dexamethasone. The 5' flanking sequences of the TH gene were fused to the bacterial gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), and the hybrid gene was transfected into pheochromocytoma cultures and GH4 pituitary cells. In both cell lines, a region of the TH gene containing bases -272 to +27 conferred induction of CAT by cyclic AMP, but not by glucocorticoid. The same results were found when a region of the TH gene containing -773 to +27 was used. Thus, the sequences required for induction of TH by cyclic AMP are contained within 272 bases of 5' flanking sequence, but sequences sufficient for glucocorticoid regulation are not contained within 773 bases.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Lewis EJ,Harrington CA,Chikaraishi DMdoi
10.1073/pnas.84.11.3550subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-06-01 00:00:00pages
3550-4issue
11eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
84pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A form of autosomal dominant juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is caused by a nonconservative missense mutation, A322D, in the GABAA receptor alpha1 subunit M3 transmembrane helix. We reported previously that the A322D mutation reduced total and surface alpha1(A322D) subunit protein and that residual alpha1(A322D) subunit r...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0700163104
更新日期:2007-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::The transformation of new experiences into lasting memories is thought to be mediated by postencoding reactivation or the reexpression of activity patterns that characterize prior encoding experiences during subsequent offline periods. Although hippocampal reactivation has been well-described in the rodent, evidence f...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1308499110
更新日期:2013-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::USF1 and USF2 are ubiquitously expressed transcription factors implicated as antagonists of the c-Myc protooncoprotein in the control of cellular proliferation. To determine the biological role of the USF proteins, mutant mice were generated by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. USF1-null mice were viab...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.7.3758
更新日期:1998-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::Sequencing of a 360-nucleotide segment of the mitochondrial control region for 63 individuals from an Amerindian tribe, the Nuu-Chah-Nulth of the Pacific Northwest, revealed the existence of 28 lineages defined by 26 variable positions. This represents a substantial level of mitochondrial diversity for a small local p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.19.8720
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The self-assembled heterocapsule 1.2, which is formed by the hydrogen bonds of tetra(4-pyridyl)-cavitand 1 and tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-cavitand 2, encapsulates 1 molecule of guests such as 1,4-diacetoxybenzene 3a, 1,4-diacetoxy-2,5-dimethylbenzene 3b, 1,4-diacetoxy-2,5-dialkoxybenzenes (3c, OCH(3); 3d, OC(2)H(5); 3e...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0812660106
更新日期:2009-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the biochemical basis for negative regulation of interleukin 2 receptor alpha-chain (IL-2R alpha) gene expression. Transient transfection studies employing internally deleted forms of the IL-2R alpha promoter localized a negative regulatory element (NRE) between nucleotides -400 and -368 relative ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.21.8526
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Orai1 and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) mediate store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) in immune cells. STIM1, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) sensor, detects store depletion and interacts with plasma membrane (PM)-resident Orai1 channels at the ER-PM junctions. However, the molecular composition of these ju...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1524229113
更新日期:2016-03-08 00:00:00
abstract::Differential rates of AIDS development and/or T4 lymphocyte depletion in HIV-1-infected individuals remain unexplained. The hypothesis that qualitative differences in selection pressure in vivo may account for different rates of disease progression was addressed in nine eligible study participants from a cohort of 315...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.13.6693
更新日期:1996-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::The photosynthetic apparatus converts light into chemical energy by a series of reactions that give rise to a coupled flow of electrons and protons that generate reducing power and ATP, respectively. A key intermediate in these reactions is plastoquinone (PQ), the most abundant electron and proton (hydrogen) carrier i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.23.8424
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major public health concern, being responsible for more than 1.5 million deaths annually through pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia. Available vaccines target only a subset of serotypes, so vaccination is often accompanied by a rise in the frequency of nonvaccine...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1718712115
更新日期:2018-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::For over a century neuroscientists have debated the dynamics by which human cortical language networks allow words to be spoken. Although it is widely accepted that Broca's area in the left inferior frontal gyrus plays an important role in this process, it was not possible, until recently, to detail the timing of its ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1073/pnas.1414491112
更新日期:2015-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::Lon is an ATPase associated with cellular activities (AAA+) protease that controls cell division in response to stress and also degrades misfolded and damaged proteins. Subunits of Lon are known to assemble into ring-shaped homohexamers that enclose an internal degradation chamber. Here, we demonstrate that hexamers o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1307066110
更新日期:2013-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::Spectrin (betaISigma*) and ankyrin (AnkG119) associate with Golgi membranes and the dynactin complex, but their role in vesicle trafficking remains uncertain. We find that the actin-binding domain and membrane-association domain 1 (MAD1) of betaI spectrin together form a constitutive Golgi targeting signal in transfec...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.20.10711
更新日期:1997-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::The problem of Congressional apportionment is explained together with a brief history of the methods used or considered for its solution. Reasons are given for rejecting the presently used method of equal proportions and for accepting a new method, the quota method, which is the unique method satisfying three essentia...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.11.4602
更新日期:1974-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonribosomal peptides and polyketides are a diverse group of natural products with complex chemical structures and enormous pharmaceutical potential. They are synthesized on modular nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) enzyme complexes by a conserved thiotemplate mechanism. Here, we rep...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1401734111
更新日期:2014-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::We describe the partial purification of an endonuclease from calf thymus that nicks phage PM2 DNA irradiated with UV doses producing only a few pyrimidine dimers per molecule. It has much less activity on DNA that has been subjected to enzymatic photoreactivation after UV irradiation. The calf thymus endonuclease is d...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.8.3746
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::As global climate continues to warm, melting of glaciers releases a large quantity of mercury (Hg) originally locked in ice into the atmosphere and downstream ecosystems. Here, we show an opposite process that captures atmospheric Hg through glacier-to-vegetation succession. Our study using stable isotope techniques a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1906930117
更新日期:2020-01-28 00:00:00
abstract::Actin-myosin (actomyosin) generates mechanical force by consuming ATP molecules. We apply the energy landscape perspective to address a controversial issue as to whether the myosin head moves with multiple steps after a single ATP hydrolysis or only a single mechanical event of the lever-arm swinging follows a single ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.132711799
更新日期:2002-07-09 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the effects of the external environment on bacterial gene expression can provide valuable insights into an array of cellular mechanisms including pathogenesis, drug resistance, and, in the case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, latency. Because of the absence of poly(A)+ mRNA in prokaryotic organisms, studi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.22.13227
更新日期:1998-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::An early and a late histone H2B gene from the sea urchin Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus were linked in a single plasmid and injected into the eggs of the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus. The levels of transcripts of injected early and late genes and of endogenous early genes were monitored during development by a ribonucl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.2.507
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::RNA molecules that bind a transition state analog for a Diels-Alder reaction (Kd = 0.35 +/- 0.05 mM) were isolated from a starting pool of approximately 10(14) sequences by affinity chromatography. After the initial rise and plateau of the amount of RNA that eluted with soluble analog, a step gradient elution was used...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.26.13028
更新日期:1994-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::A cyclophilin (CyP) purified to homogeneity from the polycentric anaerobic rumen fungus Orpinomyces sp. strain PC-2 had a molecular mass of 20.5 kDa and a pI of 8.1. The protein catalyzed the isomerization of the prolyl peptide bond of N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-(cis,trans)-Pro-Phe p-nitroanilide with a kcat/Km value of 9.3 x...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.7.2587
更新日期:1995-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::Thrombin induces platelet aggregation and formation of a fibrin clot in platelet-rich plasma; leupeptin, a protease inhibitor, partially inhibits platelet aggregation, but it does not inhibit fibrin clot formation. Indomethacin does not inhibit either thrombin-induced platelet aggregation or fibrin clot formation. How...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.10.3456
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many song birds, males develop their songs as adults by imitating the songs of one or more tutors, memorized previously during a sensitive phase early in life. Previous work using two assays, the production of imitations by adult males and playback-induced calling by young birds during the sensitive phase for memor...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.240457797
更新日期:2000-11-21 00:00:00
abstract::Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) plays a major role in the regulation of neuroendocrine functions and behaviors by estrogens. Although the generation of ERalpha knockout mice advanced our knowledge of ERalpha functions, gene deletion using this method is global and potentially confounded by developmental consequences...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0603045103
更新日期:2006-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::The virulence of many pathogens depends upon their ability to cope with immune-generated nitric oxide (NO·). In Escherichia coli, the major NO· detoxification systems are Hmp, an NO· dioxygenase (NOD), and NorV, an NO· reductase (NOR). It is well established that Hmp is the dominant system under aerobic conditions, wh...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1521354113
更新日期:2016-03-22 00:00:00
abstract::Learning and memory rely on dopamine and downstream cAMP-dependent plasticity across diverse organisms. Despite the central role of cAMP signaling, it is not known how cAMP-dependent plasticity drives coherent changes in neuronal physiology that encode the memory trace, or engram. In Drosophila, the mushroom body (MB)...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1709037115
更新日期:2018-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::In humans, the connection between sleep and mood has long been recognized, although direct molecular evidence is lacking. We identified two rare variants in the circadian clock gene PERIOD3 (PER3-P415A/H417R) in humans with familial advanced sleep phase accompanied by higher Beck Depression Inventory and seasonality s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1600039113
更新日期:2016-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::The pathways that allow quiescent disseminated cancer cells to survive during prolonged dormancy periods are unknown. Here, we identify the transcription factor ATF6alpha as a pivotal survival factor for quiescent but not proliferative squamous carcinoma cells. ATF6alpha is essential for the adaptation of dormant cell...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0800939105
更新日期:2008-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::Seasonal oxygen depletion (hypoxia) in coastal bottom waters can lead to the release and persistence of free sulfide (euxinia), which is highly detrimental to marine life. Although coastal hypoxia is relatively common, reports of euxinia are less frequent, which suggests that certain environmental controls can delay t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1510152112
更新日期:2015-10-27 00:00:00