Papain-like cysteine proteases prepare plant cyclic peptide precursors for cyclization.

abstract：:The tightly coupled nature of the reaction sequence catalyzed by monoterpene cyclases has precluded direct observation of the topologically required isomerization step leading from geranyl pyrophosphate to the presumptive, enzyme-bound, tertiary allylic intermediate linalyl pyrophosphate, which ultimately cyclizes to ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wheeler CJ,Croteau RB

更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alpha-actinin-4 is a widely expressed protein that employs an actin-binding site with two calponin homology domains to crosslink actin filaments (F-actin) in a Ca(2+)-sensitive manner in vitro. An inherited, late-onset form of kidney failure is caused by point mutations in the alpha-actinin-4 actin-binding domain. Her...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weins A,Schlondorff JS,Nakamura F,Denker BM,Hartwig JH,Stossel TP,Pollak MR

更新日期：2007-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The fluorescence decay functions of individual, specifically labeled tRNAPhe molecules exhibit nonexponential character as a result of conformational dynamics occurring during the measurement on a single molecule. tRNAPhe conformational states that interchange much more slowly are evidenced by the distribution of life...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jia Y,Sytnik A,Li L,Vladimirov S,Cooperman BS,Hochstrasser RM

更新日期：1997-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasmids that contain synthetic genes coding for small oligoribonucleotides called external guide sequences (EGSs) have been introduced into strains of Escherichia coli harboring antibiotic resistance genes. The EGSs direct RNase P to cleave the mRNAs transcribed from these genes thereby converting the phenotype of dr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guerrier-Takada C,Salavati R,Altman S

更新日期：1997-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Stabilization of neuronal activity by homeostatic control systems is fundamental for proper functioning of neural circuits. Failure in neuronal homeostasis has been hypothesized to underlie common pathophysiological mechanisms in a variety of brain disorders. However, the key molecules regulating homeostasis in centra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vertkin I,Styr B,Slomowitz E,Ofir N,Shapira I,Berner D,Fedorova T,Laviv T,Barak-Broner N,Greitzer-Antes D,Gassmann M,Bettler B,Lotan I,Slutsky I

更新日期：2015-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent findings intriguingly place DNA double-strand break repair proteins at chromosome ends in yeast, where they help maintain normal telomere length and structure. In the present study, an essential telomere function, the ability to cap and thereby protect chromosomes from end-to-end fusions, was assessed in repair...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bailey SM,Meyne J,Chen DJ,Kurimasa A,Li GC,Lehnert BE,Goodwin EH

更新日期：1999-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Of the microsomal P450 cytochromes, the ethanol-inducible isoform, P450 2E1, is believed to be predominant in leading to oxidative damage, including the generation of radical species that contribute to lipid peroxidation, and in the reductive beta-scission of lipid hydroperoxides to give hydrocarbons and aldehydes. In...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bestervelt LL,Vaz AD,Coon MJ

更新日期：1995-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Ammonium sulfate fractionation of crude extracts of E. coli yields a soluble enzyme fraction (about 25-fold purification) that catalyzes the conversion of phiX174 single-stranded DNA to duplex DNA. The reaction is rifampicin-resistant, requires single-stranded DNA, Mg++, deoxynucleoside triphosphates, and ATP, and is ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schuster H,Mikolajczyk M,Rohrschneider J,Geschke B

更新日期：1975-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Escherichia coli, AK I- HDH I and AK II- HDH II are two bifunctional proteins, derived from a common ancestor, that catalyze the first and third reactions of the common pathway leading to threonine and methionine. An extensive amino acid sequence comparison of both molecules reveals two main features on each of the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ferrara P,Duchange N,Zakin MM,Cohen GN

更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) DNA was treated with four restriction endonucleases (EcoRI, HincIII, Bgl II, and Xba I) and eight fragments were purified and labeled with 32P in vitro. The kinetics of renaturation of each of the fragments was measured in the presence of DNA extracted from 333-8-9, a hamster cell l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Galloway DA,Copple CD,McDougall JK

更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study challenges the paradigm that salt marsh plants prevent lateral wave-induced erosion along wetland edges by binding soil with live roots and clarifies the role of vegetation in protecting the coast. In both laboratory flume studies and controlled field experiments, we show that common salt marsh plants do no...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Feagin RA,Lozada-Bernard SM,Ravens TM,Möller I,Yeager KM,Baird AH

更新日期：2009-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：:A structural gene for the alpha-subunit of RNA polymerase (nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase; EC 2.7.7.6) has been identified and mapped between spcA and trkA, near 64 min on the E. coli chromosome. It appears to be coordinately expressed and possibly cotranscribed with the genes for ribosomal proteins...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jaskunas SR,Burgess RR,Nomura M

更新日期：1975-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A numerical algorithm is applied to the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) dust record from Greenland to remove the abrupt changes in dust flux associated with the Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) oscillations of the last glacial period. The procedure is based on the assumption that the rapid changes in dust are associated...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barker S,Knorr G

更新日期：2007-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The H2O2-requiring ligninase of the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium oxidatively cleaves both lignin and lignin model compounds between C alpha and C beta (C-1 and C-2) of their aliphatic side chains. Previous work has demonstrated a reaction mechanism by which ligninase oxidizes aromatic substrates to their ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hammel KE,Kalyanaraman B,Kirk TK

更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The method presented here refines molecular conformations directly against projections of single particles measured by electron microscopy. By optimizing the orientation of the projection at the same time as the conformation, the method is well-suited to two-dimensional class averages from cryoelectron microscopy. Suc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang J,Minary P,Levitt M

更新日期：2012-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has allowed the detection of proteins characteristic of inner cell mass and trophectoderm in mouse blastocyst. Certain of the proteins characterizing trophectoderm copurify with intermediate filaments from trophectoderm and a trophoblastoma cell line. A monoclonal antibody prepared ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brûlet P,Babinet C,Kemler R,Jacob F

更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Delayed implantation (embryonic diapause) occurs when the embryo at the blastocyst stage achieves a state of suspended animation. During this period, blastocyst growth is very slow, with minimal or no cell division. Nearly 100 mammals in seven different orders undergo delayed implantation, but the underlying molecular...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hamatani T,Daikoku T,Wang H,Matsumoto H,Carter MG,Ko MS,Dey SK

更新日期：2004-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy and multiphoton fluorescence microscopy were used to image the uptake of the protein lysozyme into individual ion exchange chromatography particles in a packed bed in real time. Self-sharpening concentration fronts penetrating into the particles were observed at low salt conce...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dziennik SR,Belcher EB,Barker GA,DeBergalis MJ,Fernandez SE,Lenhoff AM

更新日期：2003-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA mismatch repair (MMR), the guardian of the genome, commences when MutS identifies a mismatch and recruits MutL to nick the error-containing strand, allowing excision and DNA resynthesis. Dominant MMR models posit that after mismatch recognition, ATP converts MutS to a hydrolysis-independent, diffusive mobile clamp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hao P,LeBlanc SJ,Case BC,Elston TC,Hingorani MM,Erie DA,Weninger KR

更新日期：2020-07-28 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro recombination of cloned H-2 genes resulted in two allogeneically novel mouse transplantation antigens in which the C2 domains of H-2Ld and H-2Dd were exchanged. These genes were introduced into mouse L cells by DNA-mediated gene transfer. We have used these transformed fibroblast lines, expressing recombinant...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ozato K,Evans GA,Shykind B,Margulies DH,Seidman JG

更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two adjacent, divergently transcribed, developmentally regulated genes of the maize chloroplast chromosome have different superhelical density/transcriptional activation profiles when transcribed in vitro by the homologous DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Promoter-specific transcription of the gene for the beta and epsil...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stirdivant SM,Crossland LD,Bogorad L

更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diatoms are usually the major component of the algal flora in many streams, although green and blue-green algae may be present. These experiments were designed to determine if high temperature or a shift in the chemical composition of the water might bring about a dominance of blue-green algae and/or green algae rathe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Patrick R,Crum B,Coles J

更新日期：1969-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. In prostate cancer, prostate cancer gene expression marker 1 (PCGEM1) is an androgen-induced prostate-specific lncRNA whose overexpression is highly associated with prostate tumors. PCGEM1's t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hung CL,Wang LY,Yu YL,Chen HW,Srivastava S,Petrovics G,Kung HJ

更新日期：2014-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The impossibility theorems that abound in the theory of social choice show that there can be no satisfactory method for electing and ranking in the context of the traditional, 700-year-old model. A more realistic model, whose antecedents may be traced to Laplace and Galton, leads to a new theory that avoids all imposs...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Balinski M,Laraki R

更新日期：2007-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Migration of organisms (or cells) is typically an adaptive response to spatiotemporal variation in resources that requires individuals to detect and respond to long-range and noisy environmental gradients. Many organisms, from wildebeest to bacteria, migrate en masse in a process that can involve a vast number of indi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guttal V,Couzin ID

更新日期：2010-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:AvrXa7 is a member of the avrBs3 avirulence gene family, which encodes proteins targeted to plant cells by a type III secretion apparatus. AvrXa7, the product of avrXa7, is also a virulence factor in strain PXO86 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Avirulence and virulence specificities are associated with the central r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang B,Zhu W,Johnson LB,White FF

更新日期：2000-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are a highly tumorigenic cell type present as a minority population in developmentally diverse tumors and cell lines. Using a genetic screen in an inducible model of CSC formation in a breast cell line, we identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that inhibit CSC growth and are down-regulated in CSCs....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Polytarchou C,Iliopoulos D,Struhl K

更新日期：2012-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the past decade or more, contradictory evidence of Martian climate, indicating that surface temperatures seldom if ever approach the melting point of water at midlatitudes, and geomorphic features, consistent with liquid flows at these same latitudes, have proven difficult to reconcile. In this article, we demons...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shinbrot T,Duong NH,Kwan L,Alvarez MM

更新日期：2004-06-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Pbx-regulating protein-1 (Prep1) is a tumor suppressor, whereas myeloid ecotropic viral integration site-1 (Meis1) is an oncogene. We show that, to perform these activities in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, both proteins competitively heterodimerize with pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox-1 (Pbx1). Meis1 alone transforms Prep...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dardaei L,Longobardi E,Blasi F

更新日期：2014-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutant, but not wild-type p53 binds with high affinity to a variety of MAR-DNA elements (MARs), suggesting that MAR-binding of mutant p53 relates to the dominant-oncogenic activities proposed for mutant p53. MARs recognized by mutant p53 share AT richness and contain variations of an AATATATTT "DNA-unwinding motif," w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Will K,Warnecke G,Wiesmüller L,Deppert W

更新日期：1998-11-10 00:00:00