Abstract:
:Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) and upper tracts (UTUC) is often regarded as one entity and is managed generally with similar principles. While neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy (RC) is an established standard of care in UCB, strong evidence for a similar approach is lacking in UTUC. The longest survival is seen in patients with complete response (pT0) on pathological examination of the RC specimen, but impact of delayed RC in nonresponders may be detrimental. The rate of pT0 following NAC in UTUC is considerably lower than that in UCB due to differences in access and instrumentation. Molecular markers have been evaluated to try to predict response to chemotherapy to reduce unnecessary treatment and expedite different treatment for nonresponders. A variety of potential biomarkers have been evaluated to predict response to cisplatin based chemotherapy including DNA repair genes (ATM, RB1, FANCC, ERCC2, BRCA1, and ERCC1), regulators of apoptosis (survivin, Bcl-xL, and emmprin), receptor tyrosine kinases (EGFR and erbB2), genes involved in cellular efflux (MDR1 and CTR1), in addition to molecular subtypes (Basal, luminal, and p53-like). The current state of the literature on the prediction of response to NAC based on the presence of these biomarkers is discussed in this review.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Tse J,Ghandour R,Singla N,Lotan Ydoi
10.3390/ijms20040793subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-02-13 00:00:00issue
4issn
1422-0067pii
ijms20040793journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The phytohormone auxin regulates various developmental programs in plants, including cell growth, cell division and cell differentiation. The auxin efflux carriers are essential for the auxin transport. To show an involvement of auxin transporters in the coordination of fruit development in bitter gourd, a juicy fruit...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms18112343
更新日期:2017-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) enzyme is an anti-cancer target given its role in DNA biosynthesis. TYMS inhibitors (e.g., 5-Fluorouracil) can lead to drug resistance through an autoregulatory mechanism of TYMS that causes its overexpression. Since G-quadruplexes (G4) can modulate gene expression, we searched for putative...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21145028
更新日期:2020-07-16 00:00:00
abstract::Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates and activates the apoptotic program through interaction with diverse downstream targets including tumor suppressor p53. HIPK2 is activated by genotoxic stimuli and modulates cell fate following DNA damage. The DNA damage ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms17101638
更新日期:2016-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::Exosomes, the smallest group of extracellular vesicles, carry proteins, miRNA, mRNA, DNA, and lipids, which they efficiently deliver to recipient cells, generating a communication network. Exosomes strongly contribute to the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). I...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21114072
更新日期:2020-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::Plant architecture is critical for enhancing the adaptability and productivity of crop plants. Mutants with an altered plant architecture allow researchers to elucidate the genetic network and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we characterized a novel nal1 rice mutant with short height, small panicle, and narr...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21218106
更新日期:2020-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::In this review, the latest research concerning the structure and function of the 5'-terminal region of p53 mRNA was discussed. Special attention was focused on defined structural motifs which are present in this region, as well as their conservation and plausible functional role in translation. It is known that the le...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms20215382
更新日期:2019-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are recommended as a first-line treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and other acid related disorders. In recent years, concerns have been raised about the increasing prevalence of patients on long-term PPI therapy and inappropriate PPI use. It is well known that short-ter...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms20215469
更新日期:2019-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::Many heritable genetic disorders arise from nonsense mutations, which generate premature termination codons (PTCs) in transcribed mRNA. PTCs ablate protein synthesis by prematurely terminating the translation of mutant mRNA, as well as reducing mutant mRNA quantity through targeted degradation by nonsense-mediated dec...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms22010344
更新日期:2020-12-31 00:00:00
abstract::Cardamom is a popular spice that has been commonly used in cuisines for flavor since ancient times. It has copious health benefits such as improving digestion, stimulating metabolism, and exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The current study investigated the effect of cardamom on hemodynamic, biochemic...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms161126040
更新日期:2015-11-17 00:00:00
abstract::Free fatty acids (FFAs) are cytotoxic to pancreatic islet β-cells and play a crucial role in the diabetes disease process. A recent study revealed a down-regulation of transcription factor 2 (TCF2) levels during FFA-mediated cytotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells. However, its function during this process and the underlyi...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms150813317
更新日期:2014-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::There have been tens of thousands of RNAs deposited in different databases that contain sequences of two genes and are coined chimeric RNAs, or chimeras. However, "chimeric RNA" has never been lucidly defined, partly because "gene" itself is still ill-defined and because the means of production for many RNAs is unclea...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms18040714
更新日期:2017-03-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nowadays, the molecular mechanisms governing TSD (temperature-dependent sex determination) or GSD + TE (genotypic sex determination + temperature effects) remain a mystery in fish. METHODS:We developed three all-female families of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and the family with the highest male ra...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms19030689
更新日期:2018-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::KMUP-1 (7-[2-[4-(2-chlorobenzene)piperazinyl]ethyl]-1,3-dimethylxanthine) has been reported to cause hepatic fat loss. However, the action mechanisms of KMUP-1 in obesity-induced steatohepatitis remains unclear. This study elucidated the steatohepatitis via matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and tumor necrosis factor α...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms17081345
更新日期:2016-08-17 00:00:00
abstract::Since 2003, several loss-of-function mutations in the HCN4 gene, which encodes the HCN4 protein, have been associated with sinus node dysfunction. In human sinoatrial node (SAN), HCN4 is the most abundant of the four isoforms of the HCN family. Tetramers of HCN subunits constitute the ion channels that conduct the hyp...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms16023071
更新日期:2015-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::The interactions between peptides and lipids are of fundamental importance in the functioning of numerous membrane-mediated cellular processes including antimicrobial peptide action, hormone-receptor interactions, drug bioavailability across the blood-brain barrier and viral fusion processes. Moreover, a major goal of...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms140918758
更新日期:2013-09-12 00:00:00
abstract::Receptor targeted nuclear imaging directed against molecular markers overexpressed on breast cancer (BC) cells offers a sensitive and specific method for BC imaging. Currently, a few targets such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), somatostatin recept...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms18020260
更新日期:2017-01-26 00:00:00
abstract::Sortase A (SrtA) is a membrane-associated enzyme that anchors surface-exposed proteins to the cell wall envelope of Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. As SrtA is essential for Gram-positive bacterial pathogenesis but dispensable for microbial growth or viability, SrtA is considered a favorable targe...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21228601
更新日期:2020-11-14 00:00:00
abstract::Systemic sclerosis is a rare chronic heterogenous disease that involves inflammation and vasculopathy, and converges in end-stage development of multisystem tissue fibrosis. The loss of tight spatial distribution and temporal expression of proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM) leads to progressive organ stiffenin...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21134776
更新日期:2020-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder manifested as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) characterized by intestinal inflammation and involves a dysregulated immune response against commensal microbiota through the activation of CD4 T helper cells. T helper cell differentiation to effector...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21093379
更新日期:2020-05-11 00:00:00
abstract::Breakthroughs in the development of programmable site-specific nucleases, including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), meganucleases (MNs), and most recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated proteins (including Cas9)...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms18122565
更新日期:2017-11-29 00:00:00
abstract::The polyplexes formed by nucleic acids and polycations have received a great attention owing to their potential application in gene therapy. In our study, we report experimental results and modeling outcomes regarding the optimization of polyplex formation between the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and poly(ʟ-Lysine) (PL...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms18061291
更新日期:2017-06-17 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reports the rapid melt quenching technique preparation for the new family of bismuth-lead germanate glass (BPG) systems in the form of (GeO(2))(60)-(PbO)(40-) (x)-(½Bi(2)O(3))(x) where x = 0 to 40 mol%. Their densities with respect of Bi(2)O(3) concentration were determined using Archimedes' method with ace...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms13044632
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chondrocytes of the growth plate undergo apoptosis during the process of endochondral ossification, as well as during the progression of osteoarthritis. Although the regulation of this process is not completely understood, alterations in the precisely orchestrated programmed cell death during development can have cata...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms18030665
更新日期:2017-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::Members of the placenta-specific miRNA cluster C19MC, including miR-519d, are secreted by fetal trophoblast cells within extracellular vesicles (EVs). Trophoblast-derived EVs can be internalized by the autologous trophoblast and surrounding maternal immune cells, resulting in coordination of cellular responses. The st...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21103458
更新日期:2020-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate prediction of the potential hepatotoxic nature of new pharmaceuticals remains highly challenging. Therefore, novel in vitro models with improved external validity are needed to investigate hepatic metabolism and timely identify any toxicity of drugs in humans. In this study, we examined the effects of diclofe...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms17040584
更新日期:2016-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 is an endosomal receptor recognizing bacterial DNA/CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN). Blocking CpG ODN/TLR9 activity represents a strategy for therapeutic prevention of immune system overactivation. Herein, we report that a synthetic peptide (SP) representing the leucine-rich re...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms17020242
更新日期:2016-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidation of methionine to methionine sulfoxide is a type of posttranslational modification reversed by methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msrs), which present an exceptionally high number of gene copies in plants. The side-form general antioxidant function-specific role of each Msr isoform has not been fully studied. T...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20061309
更新日期:2019-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::We have reported that conventional protein kinase Cγ (cPKCγ)-modulated neuron-specific autophagy improved the neurological outcome of mice following ischemic stroke through the Akt-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. However, its detailed molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, prim...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms19051380
更新日期:2018-05-06 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic hepatitis C is a serious liver disease that often results in cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to assess the association of human leukocyte antigen-DP (HLA-DP) variants with risk of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) or anti-F antibody generation. We selected two single nucleotide p...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms15069826
更新日期:2014-06-03 00:00:00
abstract::The cluster Re6Se8I63- has been shown to induce preferential cell death of a hepatic carcinoma cell line, thus becoming a promising anti-cancer drug. Whether this cluster induces acute hemolysis or if it interacts with albumin remains unclear. The effect of acute exposure of human red blood cells to different concentr...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms16011728
更新日期:2015-01-13 00:00:00