Abstract：
:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder manifested as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) characterized by intestinal inflammation and involves a dysregulated immune response against commensal microbiota through the activation of CD4 T helper cells. T helper cell differentiation to effector or regulatory phenotypes is controlled by cytokine networks and transcriptional regulators. Distinct polarized T helper cells are able to alter their phenotypes to adapt to diverse and fluctuating physiological environments. T helper cells exhibit intrinsic instability and flexibility to express cytokines of other lineages or transdifferentiate from one T helper cell type to another in response to various perturbations from physiological cytokine milieu as a means of promoting local immunity in response to injury or ensure tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, functional plasticity and diversity of T helper cells are associated with pathogenicity and are critical for immune homeostasis and prevention of autoimmunity. In this review, we provide deeper insights into the combinatorial extrinsic and intrinsic signals that control plasticity and transdifferentiation of T helper cells and also highlight the potential of exploiting the genetic reprogramming plasticity of T helper cells in the treatment of IBD.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Fu SH,Chien MW,Hsu CY,Liu YW,Sytwu HKdoi
10.3390/ijms21093379subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-05-11 00:00:00issue
9issn
1422-0067pii
ijms21093379journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Estrogen receptor-α positive (ERα⁺) breast cancers represent 75% of all invasive breast cancer cases, while de novo or acquired resistance to ER-directed therapy is also on the rise. Numerous factors contribute to this phenomenon including the recently-reported ESR1 gene mutations such as Y537S, which amplifies co-act...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19020579
更新日期：2018-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Bone transplants are used to treat fractures and increase new tissue development in bone tissue engineering. Grafting of massive implantations showing slow curing rate and results in cell death for poor vascularization. The potentials of biocomposite scaffolds to mimic extracellular matrix (ECM) and including new biom...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17081222
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abstract：:Hibernation is an effective energy conservation strategy that has been widely adopted by animals to cope with unpredictable environmental conditions. The liver, in particular, plays an important role in adaptive metabolic adjustment during hibernation. Mammalian studies have revealed that many genes involved in metabo...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19082363
更新日期：2018-08-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Fetuin-A is the protein product of the AHSG gene in humans. It is mainly synthesized by the liver in adult humans and is secreted into the blood where its concentration can vary from a low of ~0.2 mg/mL to a high of ~0.8 mg/mL. Presently, it is considered to be a multifunctional protein that plays important roles in d...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2018-07-29 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2017-03-28 00:00:00
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更新日期：2020-10-24 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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更新日期：2020-10-28 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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更新日期：2020-06-25 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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更新日期：2019-10-14 00:00:00
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更新日期：2020-11-07 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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doi：10.3390/ijms21134673
更新日期：2020-06-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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doi：10.3390/ijms140612023
更新日期：2013-06-05 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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更新日期：2019-12-02 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19071832
更新日期：2018-06-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is ubiquitously prevalent. HCMV infection is typically asymptomatic and controlled by the immune system in healthy individuals, yet HCMV can be severely pathogenic for the fetus during pregnancy and in immunocompromised persons, such as transplant recipients or HIV infected patients. HCMV ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20153626
更新日期：2019-07-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment, breast cancer is still the most common cancer type among non-smoking females. TGF-β can inhibit breast cancer development by inducing cell cycle arrest in both, cancer cells and, as part of a senescence program in normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC). Moreover, ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18071574
更新日期：2017-07-20 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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doi：10.3390/ijms22020788
更新日期：2021-01-14 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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更新日期：2018-03-04 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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更新日期：2019-05-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The cholinergic efferent network from the medial septal nucleus to the hippocampus has an important role in learning and memory processes. This cholinergic projection can generate theta oscillations in the hippocampus to efficiently encode novel information. Hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide (HCNP) indu...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20215367
更新日期：2019-10-28 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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更新日期：2016-04-15 00:00:00
