Abstract：
:This article reviews studies investigating the effect of economy type on reinforcer value. In a closed economy, consumption of the reinforcer depends entirely on the subject's behavior, whereas in an open economy it does not, due, for example, to the provision of free reinforcers after the session. In theory, reinforcers should have higher value in a closed economy than in an open economy. Experimental results relevant to this prediction and methods used to test economy type effects are summarized and discussed here. Studies have tested the effect of economy type on the value of a variety of reinforcers, including food, water, saccharin, various drugs, and video games. Subjects used have varied also and include humans, monkeys, rats, and mice. Whether economy type had an effect on reinforcer value appears to depend on the particular reinforcer studied and on the species used. In general, where there was a difference in reinforcer value across economies, the effect was consistent with the prediction that value should be lower in the open economy. In some studies, however, satiation across economy types may have been responsible for the difference, or at least contributed to it. Potential explanations for the economy type effect, including substitution of future reinforcers for current reinforcers, contingency degradation, anticipatory contrast, and optimal foraging, are discussed.
journal_name
Behav Processesjournal_title
Behavioural processesauthors
Kearns DNdoi
10.1016/j.beproc.2019.01.008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-05-01 00:00:00pages
20-28eissn
0376-6357issn
1872-8308pii
S0376-6357(18)30467-4journal_volume
162pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The debate about whether or not animals have foresight has focused on whether animals can be shown to have episodic future thinking, that is the ability to travel mentally in time and see themselves in the future. This focus has distracted from consideration of other forms of foresight that animals demonstrate. We pro...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2008.12.005
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 传,历史文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(81)90013-9
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(02)00043-8
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(95)00008-i
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(96)00770-x
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(82)90007-9
更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(85)90035-X
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2006.06.003
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104146
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2007.06.008
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(00)00079-6
更新日期：2000-04-03 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2007.02.021
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
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更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2009.03.017
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2006-02-28 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2006.07.001
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
