Abstract：
:Four rats obtained food on fixed-time (FT) 1-, 4-, and 16-min schedules. During FT schedules, a lever press produced a timeout period during which food could not be delivered. When timeout was in effect, a lever press ended the timeout period and reinstated the FT schedule. In different conditions, the timing of the FT interval either stopped for the duration of the timeout period (Stop condition) or the timing of the FT interval continued during timeout (No Stop condition). The percentage of session time spent in timeout periods increased as the time between food deliveries increased regardless of whether or not timing of the FT interval stopped during timeout. The timeout percentage was larger on Stop than No Stop conditions if the obtained interfood interval was also longer. The rate of initiation of timeout periods tended to increase from FT 1-min to FT 4-min schedules, and then not increase further or decrease on FT 16-min. The mean time per timeout period tended to be similar on FT 1- and FT 4-min schedules and then increase on FT 16-min. A given percentage of session time spent in timeout periods appears to be due to interactions between rate of timeout, duration of timeout periods and interfood interval. The data are not consistent with the suggestion that timeout initiation represents escape from aversive aspects of intermittent reinforcement. Instead, choice of timeout shares some of the properties of facultative behaviors.
journal_name
Behav Processesjournal_title
Behavioural processesauthors
Lydersen Tdoi
10.1016/s0376-6357(96)00770-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-07-01 00:00:00pages
137-47issue
2eissn
0376-6357issn
1872-8308pii
S0376-6357(96)00770-Xjournal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In two experiments with rats, we investigated the effects of using multiple contexts during extinction on renewal of lever-pressing behavior. During the first phase of both experiments, rats were reinforced to press a lever for food in Context A. Then, responses underwent extinction. For half of the animals, extinctio...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
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更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2013.04.001
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(00)00083-8
更新日期：2000-06-23 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2019.01.012
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2014.05.001
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2009.03.001
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(91)90094-G
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(87)90004-0
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
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更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2003.07.002
更新日期：2004-01-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(98)00003-5
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2003-06-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2018.03.004
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(92)90048-I
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(80)90018-2
更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2014.01.022
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(83)90045-1
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Addiction may be viewed as choice governed by competing contingencies. One factor impacting choice, particularly as it relates to addiction, is sensitivity to delayed rewards. Discounting of delayed rewards influences addiction vulnerability because of competition between relatively immediate gains of drug use, e.g. i...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2016.04.001
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
