Abstract：
Purpose:To assess the connection among arterioles, venules, and capillaries in three retinal capillary plexuses using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods:This was a prospective, cross-sectional, observational study including 20 eyes of 10 healthy subjects. En face and cross-sectional OCTA images were segmented to study the superficial (SCP), middle (MCP), and deep capillary plexuses (DCP). Using thin slabs and manual segmentation within the three plexuses, we examined the connections between the large-caliber superficial vessels within a 3 × 3 mm2 OCTA scan (arterioles and venules) and the smaller capillaries in each plexus. Results:Twenty eyes of 10 healthy subjects (5 females; average age of 30.8 ± 6.3 years) were included in the analysis. We identified vascular interconnections linking the superficial arterioles and venules with capillaries in each plexus (SCP, MCP, and DCP). We found capillaries in the DCP crossed the horizontal raphe. Conclusions:Our findings show that each of the three capillary plexuses in the parafovea has its own feeding arteriolar supply and draining venules, supporting a physiologic model in which each plexus controls its own oxygenated blood supply to match the metabolic needs of each distinct retinal neurovascular unit.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Nesper PL,Fawzi AAdoi
10.1167/iovs.18-24710subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-08-01 00:00:00pages
3858-3867issue
10eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783pii
2696444journal_volume
59pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Vitrectomy has been shown to halt diabetic retinal neovascularization, but the mechanism of this process is unknown. We propose that vitrectomy improves the oxygen supply to ischemic inner retina by way of fluid currents in the vitreous cavity. In order to test this hypothesis, we induced branch retinal vein occlusion...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine human corneal morphology and nerve recovery 5 years after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS:Fourteen eyes of 14 patients (ages, 27-53 years) who underwent 6-mm diameter PRK for low to moderate myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] -2.5 to -8.0 D) were examined once 5 years after surgery. Nine h...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.02-0247
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Previous work from the authors' laboratory has shown that Hsp27 is specifically upregulated after retinal ischemic preconditioning (IPC), and this upregulation acts as a key cytoprotective factor in preventing retinal ischemic damage. The regulatory mechanisms involved in the upregulation of Hsp27 after IPC are...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.04-0043
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the role of intralysosomal redox-active iron in oxidative stress-induced damage in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. METHODS:Chronic oxidative stress was applied using the hyperoxic model; acute oxidative stress was applied with H(2)O(2). Microarray analysis was performed using microarrays. mRNA a...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.10-5410
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study was undertaken to improve understanding of the defective lens developmental changes induced by the transgenic overexpression of the Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor RhoGDIalpha. The study was focused on a single differentially expressed gene encoding ponsin, a cell adhesion interacting signaling adapto...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.08-2909
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Concentrations of aqueous humor endothelin (ET)-1 are increased in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) as well as in animal models of glaucoma. Glucocorticoids have also been associated with glaucoma, in that topical administration of glucocorticoids can increase intraocular pressure by increasing ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.03-0463
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:The purpose of this study was to evaluate macular preganglionic function and to verify its relationship with retinal and choroidal morphology in patients with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD) patients. Methods:All included patients performed multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) for investig...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.61.5.11
更新日期：2020-05-11 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To determine if there is structural and functional recovery of the retina from light induced retinal degeneration, and to evaluate the role of the oxidative stress response elements Nrf2, SOD1, DJ-1, and Parkin in such a recovery process. Methods:Eyes from C57BL/6J (B6J) mice and from oxidative stress response...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.18-25751
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chloroquine was administered intramuscularly 5 days a week to rhesus monkeys for as long as 4 1/2 years. No clinical, fluorescein angiographic, or electrophysiological evidence of retinal damage was observed. Yet chloroquine/chloroquine byproduct analysis of the ocular tissues revealed an enormous binding capacity of ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes mellitus has been shown to be a factor in the development of corneal epithelial abnormalities in stressed human eyes, but the biochemical basis for this is not known. To see if sorbitol pathway activation might be involved, ocular surface epithelial healing rates and metabolites of the glycolytic and sorbitol...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Rabbits are used commonly for the evaluation of drugs and surgery to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). The authors compared the accuracy and variability of three tonometers for measuring IOP in rabbits. METHODS:The anterior chamber of adult rabbits was cannulated with a 25-gauge needle connected to an elevated...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to investigate antigenic expression and modulation during the cell cycle of Y-79 and WERI-Rb1 tissue cultured retinoblastoma cell lines using a polyclonal anti-Y-79 antibody and fluorescein conjugated lectins. Several Y-79 resting cell populations were identified by FCM analysis of antibo...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To define rod and cone function further in terms of visual cycle mechanism, the retinal phenotype resulting from Rpe65 (retinoid isomerase I) deficiency in Nrl(-)(/)(-) mice having a single class of photoreceptors resembling wild-type cones was characterized and outcomes of retinoid supplementation evaluated. ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.07-1234
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:Basement membrane degradation and macrophage aggregation at the optic fissure margins are crucial to optic fissure closure during normal murine eye development. Basement membrane degradation is also an essential step in cancer development, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role. In this stu...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.17-21841
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A method is presented for the rapid flow cytometric determination of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor densities on the surface of cultured ocular cells. The technique uses a biotinylated monoclonal antibody directed against the EGF receptor in conjunction with a streptavidin-bound fluorochrome and requires the s...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To test the hypothesis that the robust expansion of bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCECs) in vitro is due to the presence of individual endothelial cells with various levels of proliferative potential. METHODS:BCECs and bovine vascular endothelial cells (ECs) derived from aorta, coronary artery, and pulmona...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.09-4970
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To identify genes and molecular mechanisms associated with photoreceptor degeneration in a canine model of XLRP caused by an RPGR exon ORF15 microdeletion. Methods. Expression profiles of mutant and normal retinas were compared by using canine retinal custom cDNA microarrays. qRT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.10-5443
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell membranes from the human lens contain two major polypeptides with molecular weights near 26,000 and 22,000. These two species have been isolated in a highly purified state and purified by means of an antiserum against the 26,000 dalton membrane polypeptide from bovine lens. Immunochemical data are presented that ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is an important stimulatory factor for proliferative retinopathies. Expression of PDGF-B in the retinas of transgenic mice (hemizygous rho/PDGF-B mice) results in rapid-onset retinal detachment caused by proliferation of glial cells, endothelial cells, and pericytes, wherea...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.02-1143
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the immunosuppressive and antiangiogenic activities of an intraocular rapamycin (RAPA) drug delivery system (DDS) in a rabbit model of high-risk penetrating keratoplasty. METHODS:Forty New Zealand White rabbits with corneal neovascularization underwent allograft cornea transplantation and were rand...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.05-1425
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adaptation of saccadic magnitude and vestibulo-ocular reflex gain (VOR) was examined in six monkeys that had undergone a tenectomy of the medial and lateral recti of one eye. After the tenectomy, when the normal eye was patched, a conjugate increase in saccadic magnitude and VOR was observed in both eyes. Subsequent u...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To demonstrate corneal endothelial (CE) integrity enhanced during eye banking by a brief treatment of human donor corneoscleral explant (explant) with CE autocrine trophic factor vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). METHODS:Paired explants were used as control versus VIP (10 nM)-treated before storage in corne...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.10-5983
更新日期：2011-07-29 00:00:00
abstract：:The binding of plasma fibronectin to the collagens I, II, and III was greater in a cohort of glaucoma patients. In contrast, binding of plasma fibronectin to collagen type IV was less in 39 glaucoma patients than in any of 3 other diagnostic categories, including 92 patients that were normal, cataract, and glaucoma su...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Animal studies suggest that the periphery of the eye plays a major role in emmetropization. It is also known that human myopes tend to have relative peripheral hyperopia compared to the foveal refraction. This study investigated peripheral sensitivity to defocus in human subjects, specifically whether myopes ar...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.11-9034
更新日期：2012-10-17 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To describe the cross-sectional relationship between retinal arteriolar and venular diameters with age and blood pressure. METHODS:A population-based study was conducted in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin (n=4926, age range, 43-84 years). Retinal photographs of right eyes taken at the baseline examination (1988-90) were...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.03-0079
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:There is uncertainty in the published literature as to whether physical activity should be advocated for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) prevention. We aimed to assess prospectively the association between physical activity and the 15-year incidence of AMD in older adults. METHODS:We assessed AMD from r...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.14-15575
更新日期：2014-11-11 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate modifications with aging of the presence, distribution and morphologic features of conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) in healthy human subjects using laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). METHODS:A total of 108 (age range, 17-75 years) subjects were enrolled. In vivo conf...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.14-14365
更新日期：2014-07-29 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Fundus autofluorescence (FAF), as an index of lipofuscin accumulation in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), provides indirect information on the level of metabolic activity of the RPE and thus the integrity of the RPE/photoreceptor complex. To investigate whether the photoreceptor/RPE complex is still viable...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.03-1208
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine whether nonglaucomatous optic disc cupping in children violates the ISNT rule (which states that for normal optic discs the neuroretinal rim width is greatest in the order inferior >or= superior >or= nasal >or= temporal). METHODS:Digital ocular fundus photographs from a random cohort of children w...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.09-3837
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the impact of repetitive nonlethal oxidant injury with hydroquinone (HQ) on regulation of cell membrane blebbing and molecules, which are essential in extracellular matrix turnover (ECM) maintenance, especially matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-2, and type IV collagen...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.05-1230
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
