Aerosol microdroplets exhibit a stable pH gradient.

abstract：:Integrated hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA is almost invariably found in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) which develop in HBV carriers. Integrated HBV DNAs from two single-integration HCCs (C3 and C4) have been cloned, and the cellular integration sites have been analyzed. Integrated HBV DNA of C3 is present in chromosome...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hino O,Shows TB,Rogler CE

更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Telomerase activity was identified in extracts from several different mouse cell lines. Addition of telomeric TTAGGG repeats was specific to telomeric oligonucleotide primers and sensitive to pretreatment with RNase A. In contrast to the hundreds of repeats synthesized by the human and Tetrahymena telomerase enzymes i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Prowse KR,Avilion AA,Greider CW

更新日期：1993-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Interpretation of empirical results based on a taxa's lifetime distribution shows apparently conflicting results. Species' lifetime is reported to be exponentially distributed, whereas higher-order taxa, such as families or genera, follow a broader distribution, compatible with power-law decay. We show that both forms...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pigolotti S,Flammini A,Marsili M,Maritan A

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA synthesized in vitro from a phage M13 template has been cleaved at either guanine, adenine, or cytosine residues by ribosubstitution techniques. Fingerprints of the fragments obtained suggest that DNA sequencing will be possible with this technique. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Salser W,Fry K,Brunk C,Poon R

更新日期：1972-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We show that a large class of finite factors has free entropy dimension less than or equal to one. This class includes all prime factors and many property T factors. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ge L,Shen J

更新日期：2000-08-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Real-world studies show that the facial expressions produced during pain and orgasm-two different and intense affective experiences-are virtually indistinguishable. However, this finding is counterintuitive, because facial expressions are widely considered to be a powerful tool for social interaction. Consequently, de...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen C,Crivelli C,Garrod OGB,Schyns PG,Fernández-Dols JM,Jack RE

更新日期：2018-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Inherited single gene defects have been identified in both humans and mice that lead to loss of developmental control over the left-right asymmetry of the heart and viscera. In mice the recessively inherited mutation iv leads to such apparent loss of control over situs: 50% of iv/iv mice exhibit situs inversus and 50%...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brueckner M,D'Eustachio P,Horwich AL

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Urodeles and fetal mammals are capable of impressive epimorphic regeneration in a variety of tissues, whereas the typical default response to injury in adult mammals consists of inflammation and scar tissue formation. One component of epimorphic regeneration is the recruitment of resident progenitor and stem cells to ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Agrawal V,Johnson SA,Reing J,Zhang L,Tottey S,Wang G,Hirschi KK,Braunhut S,Gudas LJ,Badylak SF

更新日期：2010-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Wnt signaling is required for the maintenance of intestinal stem cells and self-renewal of the intestinal epithelium. Intestinal cancers are frequently associated with mutations that activate the Wnt pathway. The role of Wnt signaling on differentiation of lineage-specific precursors in the intestine is not well chara...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang Y,Giel-Moloney M,Rindi G,Leiter AB

更新日期：2007-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer beta/A4 amyloid precursor protein (APP) has been suggested to play a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. We have measured the content of different species of APP holoprotein and carboxyl-terminal fragments in human brains from young individuals, nondemented aged individuals, and aged indiv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nordstedt C,Gandy SE,Alafuzoff I,Caporaso GL,Iverfeldt K,Grebb JA,Winblad B,Greengard P

更新日期：1991-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Alu elements are a family of interspersed repeats that have mobilized throughout primate genomes by retroposition from a few "master" genes. Among the 500,000 Alu elements in the human genome are members of the human-specific subfamily that are not fixed in the human species; that is, not all chromosomes carry an Alu ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Batzer MA,Stoneking M,Alegria-Hartman M,Bazan H,Kass DH,Shaikh TH,Novick GE,Ioannou PA,Scheer WD,Herrera RJ

更新日期：1994-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:siRNA therapeutics have promise for the treatment of a wide range of genetic disorders. Motivated by lipoproteins, we report lipopeptide nanoparticles as potent and selective siRNA carriers with a wide therapeutic index. Lead material cKK-E12 showed potent silencing effects in mice (ED50 ∼ 0.002 mg/kg), rats (ED50 < 0...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dong Y,Love KT,Dorkin JR,Sirirungruang S,Zhang Y,Chen D,Bogorad RL,Yin H,Chen Y,Vegas AJ,Alabi CA,Sahay G,Olejnik KT,Wang W,Schroeder A,Lytton-Jean AK,Siegwart DJ,Akinc A,Barnes C,Barros SA,Carioto M,Fitzgerald

更新日期：2014-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:A fungal colony is a syncytium composed of a branched and interconnected network of cells. Chimerism endows colonies with increased virulence and ability to exploit nutritionally complex substrates. Moreover, chimera formation may be a driver for diversification at the species level by allowing lateral gene transfer b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roper M,Simonin A,Hickey PC,Leeder A,Glass NL

更新日期：2013-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:A model is presented for age-specific selection on the genotypes in a population. Each genotype is assigned a life table that specifies the viability and fecundity of its age classes. Breeding and reproduction occur at regular intervals, and generations overlap. Examples were generated on a digital computer. Gene freq...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Anderson WW,King CE

更新日期：1970-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The complex cooperative behavior exhibited by wild chimpanzees generates considerable theoretical and empirical interest, yet we know very little about the mechanisms responsible for its evolution. Here, we investigate the influence of kinship on the cooperative behavior of male chimpanzees living in an unusually larg...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Langergraber KE,Mitani JC,Vigilant L

更新日期：2007-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The supposition that agricultural intensification results in land sparing for conservation has become central to policy formulations across the tropics. However, underlying assumptions remain uncertain and have been little explored in the context of conservation incentive schemes such as policies for Reducing Emission...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Phelps J,Carrasco LR,Webb EL,Koh LP,Pascual U

更新日期：2013-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Levinthal's paradox is that finding the native folded state of a protein by a random search among all possible configurations can take an enormously long time. Yet proteins can fold in seconds or less. Mathematical analysis of a simple model shows that a small and physically reasonable energy bias against locally unfa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zwanzig R,Szabo A,Bagchi B

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Malignant melanoma has one of the highest mortality rates of any cancer because of its aggressive nature and high metastatic potential. Clinical staging of the disease at the time of diagnosis is very important for the prognosis and outcome of melanoma treatment. In this study, we designed and synthesized the 18F-labe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pyo A,Kim DY,Kim H,Lim D,Kwon SY,Kang SR,Kim HS,Bom HS,Min JJ

更新日期：2020-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein aggregation is a hallmark of many diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), where aggregation of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is implicated in causing neurodegeneration. Recent studies have suggested that destabilization and aggregation of the most immature form of SOD1, the disulfide-reduc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vassall KA,Stubbs HR,Primmer HA,Tong MS,Sullivan SM,Sobering R,Srinivasan S,Briere LA,Dunn SD,Colón W,Meiering EM

更新日期：2011-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：:We present here the complete genome sequence of a common avian clone of Pasteurella multocida, Pm70. The genome of Pm70 is a single circular chromosome 2,257,487 base pairs in length and contains 2,014 predicted coding regions, 6 ribosomal RNA operons, and 57 tRNAs. Genome-scale evolutionary analyses based on pairwise...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： May BJ,Zhang Q,Li LL,Paustian ML,Whittam TS,Kapur V

更新日期：2001-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes ER stress and triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). Failure to resolve ER stress leads to apoptotic cell death via a yet unclear mechanism. Here, we show that RNF183, a membrane-spanning RING finger protein, localizes to the ER and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu Y,Li X,Jia J,Zhang Y,Li J,Zhu Z,Wang H,Tang J,Hu J

更新日期：2018-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The rationale for genome-wide association study (GWAS) results is sequence variation in cis-regulatory elements (CREs) modulating a target gene's expression as the major cause of trait variation. To understand the complete molecular landscape of one of these GWAS loci, we performed in vitro reporter screens in cardiom...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kapoor A,Lee D,Zhu L,Soliman EZ,Grove ML,Boerwinkle E,Arking DE,Chakravarti A

更新日期：2019-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Societies are complex systems, which tend to polarize into subgroups of individuals with dramatically opposite perspectives. This phenomenon is reflected-and often amplified-in online social networks, where, however, humans are no longer the only players and coexist alongside with social bots-that is, software-control...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stella M,Ferrara E,De Domenico M

更新日期：2018-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:A transformation-defective mutant of Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV), called A-MuLV-P92td, has been isolated. The mutant encodes a serologically identifiable A-MuLV protein of molecular weight 92,000 (P92) but it lacks the ability to transform either fibroblasts or bone marrow lymphoid cells. In contrast to the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Witte ON,Goff S,Rosenberg N,Baltimore D

更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Low phosphate (Pi) availability is one of the major constraints for plant productivity in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Plants have evolved a myriad of developmental and biochemical mechanisms to increase internal Pi uptake and utilization efficiency. One important biochemical pathway leading to an increase in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cruz-Ramírez A,Oropeza-Aburto A,Razo-Hernández F,Ramírez-Chávez E,Herrera-Estrella L

更新日期：2006-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:NMDA receptors are excitatory channels with critical functions in the physiology of central synapses. Their activation reaction proceeds as a series of kinetically distinguishable, reversible steps, whose structural bases are currently under investigation. Very likely, the earliest steps include glutamate binding to g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Iacobucci GJ,Wen H,Helou M,Liu B,Zheng W,Popescu GK

更新日期：2021-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Certain chemical systems which differ greatly in many of their chemical properties may nevertheless exhibit stereochemically isomorphic behavior, i.e., they may be stereochemically correspondent. Two such systems are spirocyclic pentacoordinate molecules and molecules of the type Ar(2)ZX. The consequences of stereoche...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gust D,Finocchiaro P,Mislow K

更新日期：1973-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have used the 1.1 kilobases of the 5' upstream region of the platelet factor four (PF4) gene coupled to the prokaryotic beta-galactosidase gene to generate two lines of transgenic mice that express this construct. Studies of blood, bone marrow, spleen, and thymus reveal that platelets are the only circulating blood...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ravid K,Beeler DL,Rabin MS,Ruley HE,Rosenberg RD

更新日期：1991-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Children with reading impairments have deficits in phonological awareness, phonemic categorization, speech-in-noise perception, and psychophysical tasks such as frequency and temporal discrimination. Many of these children also exhibit abnormal encoding of speech stimuli in the auditory brainstem, even though response...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hornickel J,Skoe E,Nicol T,Zecker S,Kraus N

更新日期：2009-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Myosin IC (myo1c), a widely expressed motor protein that links the actin cytoskeleton to cell membranes, has been associated with numerous cellular processes, including insulin-stimulated transport of GLUT4, mechanosensation in sensory hair cells, endocytosis, transcription of DNA in the nucleus, exocytosis, and membr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Greenberg MJ,Lin T,Goldman YE,Shuman H,Ostap EM

更新日期：2012-09-11 00:00:00