Abstract：
AIMS:The aims of the present study were to describe the consumption trends of three groups of analgesics (non-opioids, and mild and strong opioids) between 2006 and 2015 in France, and compare this pattern of use with six European countries in 2015. METHODS:Annual drugs sales were extracted from the French national authority's consumption database, and from the IMS Multinational Integrated Data Analysis System and national databases for European countries. RESULTS:The use of mild opioids in France was found to have decreased by 53% over the past 10 years, owing to the declining use of dextropropoxyphene combinations, along with an increase in the use of non-opioids and strong opioids (from 72 to 93, and 2 to 2.8 defined daily doses/1000 inhabitants/day, respectively). Paracetamol, the most consumed analgesic, increased over this period, particularly for the adult high dose (+140%). The use of tramadol and codeine combinations also increased, by 62% and 42%, respectively. Morphine remained the most used strong opioid, although there were also large increases in the consumption of oxycodone (+613%) and fentanyl (+263% and +72% for transmucosal and transdermal forms, respectively). A comparison of the patterns of use in Europe in 2015 showed a higher consumption of mild and strong opioids in the UK. France ranked first and third place, respectively, for paracetamol and mild opioid consumption, whereas its use of strong opioids was among the lowest. CONCLUSIONS:Paracetamol consumption is clearly highest in France, whereas its use of strong opioids is among the lowest in Europe, although its consumption of oxycodone has increased significantly. Further studies are required specifically to monitor these drugs.
journal_name
Br J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Hider-Mlynarz K,Cavalié P,Maison Pdoi
10.1111/bcp.13564subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-06-01 00:00:00pages
1324-1334issue
6eissn
0306-5251issn
1365-2125journal_volume
84pub_type
杂志文章abstract：AIMS:To characterize the absorption kinetics and bioavailability of an inhaled hydrophilic solute deposited at various sites within the airways. METHODS:Nine healthy nonsmokers received one intravenous, one oropharyngeal and two pulmonary doses of technetium-99 m-labelled diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid ((99m)Tc-...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02835.x
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pharmacogenetic research dedicated to the investigation of inherited factors that influence drug response has produced exciting results over the past decade. Adding to the knowledge that genetic variation in metabolic enzymes may cause drug-related adverse reactions, recent studies indicate that variation in neurotran...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.01679.x
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To examine how pharmaceutical products that were first marketed between 1950 and 1980 were promoted to physicians through advertisements and briefly review advertising regulations and accuracy of the advertisements in the light of modern knowledge. METHODS:We systematically reviewed advertisements promoting drugs...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.13549
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Comparison of phenytoin clearance showed a marked increase in people over 65 years of age compared with people under 45 years of age. 2 This difference was apparent if phenytoin was given orally or intravenously. 3 Phenytoin clearance correlated inversely with phenytoin binding and plasma albumin, both of which were...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1975.tb00475.x
更新日期：1975-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The effects of propranolol and atenolol given in random order in a cross-over study to fifteen patients with essential hypertension have been studied. 2 Both drugs were effective in lowering blood pressure and side effects were not markedly different. 3 There was no change in exchangeable sodium or potassium or in t...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1980.tb00501.x
更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:Propylene glycol (PG) is often applied as an excipient in drug formulations. As these formulations may also be used in neonates, the aim of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of propylene glycol, co-administered intravenously with paracetamol (800 mg PG/1000 mg paracetamol) or phenobarbital (700 mg...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04312.x
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Relative rates of absorption of enteric and non-enteric preparations of prednisolone were measured in five renal transplant recipients. 2. The absorption of the enteric coated preparation is delayed and the peak plasma concentration is much lower than that attained using the same dose of the uncoated material. 3. T...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1975.tb02777.x
更新日期：1975-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of omeprazole on cytochrome P-450 mediated 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylation were studied in human liver microsomes. Omeprazole inhibited both the high and low affinity components of deethylation, with an estimated Ki of 0.03 mM for the high affinity component. The results are further evidence that the previou...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb05199.x
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 This study was designed to compare in a double-blind randomized crossover trial, atenolol, labetalol, metoprolol and pindolol. Considerable differences in dose (atenolol 138 +/- 13 mg daily; labetalol 308 +/- 34 mg daily; metoprolol 234 +/- 22 mg daily; and pindolol 24 +/-2 mg daily were required to produce similar ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb04774.x
更新日期：1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Analgesic nephropathy is part of the analgesic syndrome which has gastrointestinal, haematological, cardiovascular, psychological and psychiatric, and pregnancy and gonadal manifestations; premature ageing may also be a feature. 2 Analgesic nephropathy is a form of renal disease characterized by renal papillary necr...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1980.tb01824.x
更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:Sunitinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Because of the large interpatient pharmacokinetic variability and established exposure-response and exposure-toxicity relationships in clinical trial patients, therapeut...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.14332
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 We have given fifteen healthy volunteers single doses of racemic (+/-)-propranolol orally (40 mg) and intravenously (5-10 mg) to find out how large the variation was of the ratio between (-)- and (+)-propranolol plasma levels in relation to that of total levels of propranolol and 4-hydroxypropranolol. 2 Total propra...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb04937.x
更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT:Rotigotine transdermal patch is a new non-ergolinic dopamine agonist developed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome. Peripheral dopaminergic side-effects of dopamine agonists such as nausea and vomiting can be prevented by the antiemetic agent domp...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03334.x
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The attitudes of general practitioners and hospital physicians to the management of hypertension in the elderly, were examined by responses to a postal questionnaire distributed within the Northern Region, concerning the management of a healthy 75 year old male non-smoker with sustained diastolic or isolated systol...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04481.x
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activated platelets stimulate thrombus formation in response to rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque or endothelial cell erosion, promoting atherothrombotic disease. Multiple pathways contribute to platelet activation. Aspirin, an irreversible inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthesis, in combination with clopidogrel, an ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03884.x
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Milk and plasma metronidazole and hydroxymetronidazole concentrations were measured in 12 breast-feeding patients following multiple doses of metronidazole (400 mg three times daily). All patients received metronidazole in combination with other broad spectrum antibiotics. 2. Plasma concentrations of both parent dr...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1988.tb03362.x
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To characterize the pharmacokinetics of the dual 5alpha-reductase inhibitor GI198745 (dutasteride) to allow for more accurate predictions of GI198745 concentrations after different dosing schedules. METHODS:In this randomized, single-blind, parallel group study, 32 healthy male volunteers received single oral dos...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.1999.00843.x
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT:• The CYP3A4 inhibition by lipophilic statins may attenuate the effectiveness of clopidogrel. • No studies have measured drug exposure in a time-varying manner that detects discontinuation and restart of clopidogrel and statin therapy, allowing clinical quantification of the int...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04169.x
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intravenous midazolam (mean dose of 6.3 mg) was given to 100 consecutive patients coming to endoscopy. All patients had an ear oximeter attached throughout the procedure to record continuously their levels of oxygen saturation. Eighty-five of the 100 patients had pre-endoscopy respiratory function tests measured, and ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1987.tb03104.x
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Theories linking 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) with depression are briefly reviewed. The various experimental strategies adopted to investigate this relationship, examination of autopsy data, CSF metabolite data, 5-HT re-uptake patterns in human blood platelets and imipramine binding studies in human platelets, are dis...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb02130.x
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication rate varies according to the treatment regimen used and other factors, e.g. antimicrobial resistance and patient compliance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of patient counselling and follow-up on H. pylori eradication rates and to document the...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1046/j.0306-5251.2001.01531.x
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Inhaled corticosteroids alone or in combination with long acting beta2-agonists are indicated for use in mild persistent asthmatics. We set out to evaluate effects on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway calibre using hydrofluoroalkane fluticasone/salmeterol (FP/SM) vs. double the dose of fluticasone alone ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01831.x
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of policosanol on the susceptibility of LDL-C to in vitro lipid peroxidation in human healthy volunteers. METHODS:The effect of policosanol (5 and 10 mg day(-1) on LDL-C oxidation was studied in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 6...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.2000.00250.x
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The three dimensional requirements for inhibition of ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) were investigated in order to facilitate design of a more potent and selective antihypertensive agent. 2. All compounds designed possessed a bicyclic unit incorporating carboxylate and amidic carbonyl groups together with a thi...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb03474.x
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To study the delivery of 15 mg beclomethasone 17,21-dipropionate (BDP) to the distal part of the small bowel for three oral sustained-release formulations (I-III) and a reference capsule in volunteer ileostomists, and to compare these findings with the in vitro dissolution profiles. METHODS:Two groups of nine ile...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.1998.00782.x
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To evaluate cases of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) reported in a prescription event monitoring study of Yasmin, an oral contraceptive. METHODS:Reports of DVT/PE and events suggestive of DVT/PE were followed up by questionnaire. RESULTS:Thirteen cases (DVT five; PE eight), each with possib...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02373.x
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 In an open, randomized cross-over investigation of thirteen patients (nine and four women, aged 37-67 years) with mild or moderate essential hypertension a comparison between atenolol and metoprolol was carried out in order to study the effects of 50, 100 and 200 mg given once daily on blood pressure and heart rate ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1981.tb01326.x
更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 We have performed a double-blind, randomized, 7-d cross-over study of the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor dazoxiben (UK 37248) in 20 patients with stable coronary heart disease. 2 All patients had a history of exertional angina of greater than two years duration and no patient had suffered a myocardial infarction i...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb02114.x
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To evaluate if rivaroxaban, an oral factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor, could modify the expression in vitro of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in abdominal aortic aneurysmal (AAA) sites showing intraluminal thrombus. METHODS:AAA sites with intraluminal mural thrombus were obtained from six patients undergoin...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.13383
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The concentrations of cyclophosphamide in plasma and saliva were determined in seven patients following administration of single doses of cyclophosphamide during chemotherapy for lymphoma. 2 The saliva/plasma ratio was 0.77 +/- 0.24 (s.d.) and showed no time-dependence being rapidly established following intravenous...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb01025.x
更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00
