Abstract:
:Newborns are at increased risk of jaundice, a condition in which excess bilirubin accumulates in blood. Left untreated, jaundice can lead to neurological impairment and death. Jaundice resulting from unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is easily treated with exposure to blue light, and phototherapy systems have been developed for low-resource settings; however, there are no appropriate solutions to diagnose and monitor jaundice in these settings. To address this need we present BiliSpec, a low-cost reader and disposable lateral flow card designed to measure the concentration of total bilirubin from several drops of blood at the point of care. We evaluated the performance of BiliSpec, using blood from normal volunteers spiked with varying amounts of bilirubin; results measured using BiliSpec correlated well with a reference laboratory bilirubinometer (r = 0.996). We then performed a pilot clinical study using BiliSpec to measure total bilirubin in neonates at risk for jaundice at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. Concentrations measured using BiliSpec correlated well with those measured using a laboratory reference standard in 94 patient samples ranging from 1.1 mg/dL to 23.0 mg/dL in concentration (r = 0.973). The mean difference between bilirubin levels measured with BiliSpec and the reference standard was 0.3 mg/dL (95[Formula: see text] CI: -1.7-2.2 mg/dL).
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Keahey PA,Simeral ML,Schroder KJ,Bond MM,Mtenthaonnga PJ,Miros RH,Dube Q,Richards-Kortum RRdoi
10.1073/pnas.1714020114subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-12-19 00:00:00pages
E10965-E10971issue
51eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1714020114journal_volume
114pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A hybrid bacteriophage, P420, was constructed in vitro; it contains part of bacteriophage P4 and a 3.6-kilobase derivative of plasmid ColE1. In Escherichia coli, the plasmid-phage hybrid can exist as a stable plasmid or can be packaged into infective bacteriophage particles. Replication of P420, directed by the ColE1 ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.5.2200
更新日期:1978-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::From an analysis of the distributions of measures of transmission rates among hosts, we identify an empirical relationship suggesting that, typically, 20% of the host population contributes at least 80% of the net transmission potential, as measured by the basic reproduction number, R0. This is an example of a statist...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.1.338
更新日期:1997-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Metals in one spatial dimension are described at the lowest energy scales by the Luttinger liquid theory. It is well understood that this free theory, and even interacting integrable models, can support ballistic transport of conserved quantities including energy. In contrast, realistic one-dimensional metals, even wi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1916213117
更新日期:2020-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::Discovering the visual features and representations used by the brain to recognize objects is a central problem in the study of vision. Recently, neural network models of visual object recognition, including biological and deep network models, have shown remarkable progress and have begun to rival human performance in...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1513198113
更新日期:2016-03-08 00:00:00
abstract::Clonal expansion of premalignant lesions is an important step in the progression to cancer. This process is commonly considered to be a consequence of sustaining a proliferative mutation. Here, we investigate whether the growth trajectory of clones can be better described by a model in which clone growth does not depe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0802211105
更新日期:2008-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::High-valent intermediates of binuclear nonheme iron enzymes are structurally unknown despite their importance for understanding enzyme reactivity. Nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy combined with density functional theory calculations has been applied to structurally well-characterized high-valent mono- and di...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1304238110
更新日期:2013-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::p53 is a master regulatory, sequence-specific transcription factor that directly controls expression of over 100 genes in response to various stress signals. Transactivation is generally considered to occur through p53 binding to a consensus response element (RE) composed of two 5'-RRRCWWGYYY-3' decamers. Recently, st...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0909129107
更新日期:2010-01-26 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally believed that serial passage at high multiplicity of infection (moi) is required for the generation of defective interfering (DI) particles. High levels of DI RNAs are found associated with persistent infections initiated with laboratory cultures of cucumber necrosis virus (CNV). Two synthetic CNV tran...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.24.11153
更新日期:1991-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::G protein-coupled receptors mediate biological signals by stimulating nucleotide exchange in heterotrimeric G proteins (Galphabetagamma). Receptor dimers have been proposed as the functional unit responsible for catalytic interaction with Galphabetagamma. To investigate whether a G protein-coupled receptor monomer can...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0701967104
更新日期:2007-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::The bactericidal effects of antibiotics are undoubtedly triggered by target-specific interactions, but there is growing evidence that an important aspect of cytotoxicity results from treatment-induced metabolic perturbations. In this study, we characterized molecular mechanisms whereby trimethoprim treatment results i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1706236114
更新日期:2017-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::The SKW-3 cell line, which was established from the malignant cells of a patient with T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, is characterized by a translocation involving chromosome 8 (band q24) and chromosome 14 (band q11) [t(8;14)(q24;q11)]. To determine the position of the gene encoding the alpha chain of the T-cell ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.10.3439
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The E6 oncoprotein of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) that are associated with cervical cancer utilizes the cellular ubiquitin-protein ligase E6-AP to target the tumor suppressor p53 for degradation. In normal cells (i.e., in the absence of E6), p53 is also a target of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Under these condi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.031470698
更新日期:2001-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::A method has been developed that enables us to identify intracellular degradation intermediates of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B (D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase, EC 4.1.2.13). This method is based on the use of antibody against thoroughly denatured purified aldolase. This antibody ha...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.18.6114
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::X-ray grating interferometry is a coherent imaging technique that bears tremendous potential for three-dimensional tomographic imaging of soft biological tissue and other specimens whose details exhibit very weak absorption contrast. It is intrinsically trimodal, delivering phase contrast, absorption contrast, and sca...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1117861109
更新日期:2012-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::We have used DNase I as a probe to examine the chromatin structure of mouse immunoglobulin kappa light chain genes in rearranged and unrearranged chromosomes--i.e., in nuclei from myeloma cells and from brain and liver cells. Tissue-specific DNase I-hypersensitive sites are observed 0.7 and 1.7 kilobases upstream from...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.9.2427
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The respiratory burst oxidase of neutrophils can be activated in a cell-free system in which plasma membranes, cytosol, Mg2+, and a membrane-perturbing detergent, such as arachidonate or sodium dodecyl sulfate, are all required. Using the technique of preparative isoelectric focusing, the cytosol factor required for o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.3.825
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Signal peptides of membrane proteins are cleaved by endoplasmic reticulum-resident signal peptidase, and thus, are not present on mature membrane proteins. Here, we report that, contrary to the paradigm, the signal peptide of ruminant CD18, the beta-subunit of beta(2)-integrins, is not cleaved. Intriguingly, the intac...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0906775106
更新日期:2009-09-08 00:00:00
abstract::SecA, the translocation ATPase in Escherichia coli, undergoes cycles of conformational changes (insertion/deinsertion) in response to ATP and a preprotein. The membrane-embedded portion of protein translocase, SecYEG, has crucial roles in the SecA-driven preprotein translocation reaction. We previously identified a se...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13567
更新日期:1998-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::Normal neural development is essential for the formation of neuronal networks and brain function. Cutaneous T cell lymphoma-associated antigen 5 (cTAGE5)/meningioma expressed antigen 6 (MEA6) plays a critical role in the secretion of proteins. However, its roles in the transport of nonsecretory cellular components and...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1804083115
更新日期:2018-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::The temporal dynamics of electrical activity in an olfactory organ, the procerebral lobe of the terrestrial mollusc Limax maximus, is studied. The lobe exhibits intrinsic oscillations in its field potential. Intracellular recordings show that the lobe contains two classes of neurons, both with activity phase-locked to...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.2.669
更新日期:1994-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::Most new genes are thought to evolve from preexisting genes but duplications of entire genes or shuffling of preexisting exons provides only a limited repertoire of new sequences that can be presented to a cell. Only pieces that previously existed can be used in the construction and any further divergence depends on t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.16.7506
更新日期:1994-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::A single mutation altering the transmembrane domain of the receptor-like p185 protein encoded by the rat neu gene converts the normal neu gene into a potent oncogene. The biochemical consequences of this mutation were studied by examining phosphorylation of the normal and transforming p185 molecules in membrane prepar...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.15.5394
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The paucity of integral membrane protein structures creates a major bioinformatics gap, whose origin is the difficulty of crystallizing these detergent-solubilized proteins. The problem is particularly formidable for hetero-oligomeric integral membrane proteins, where crystallization is impeded by the heterogeneity an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0931431100
更新日期:2003-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::The his4 region of yeast contains the information necessary for the catalysis of three steps in the histidine biosynthetic pathway. The three activities specified by this region remain physically associated during gel filtration and ultracentrifugation and after extensive purification. Nonsense mutations in the "opera...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.63.4.1198
更新日期:1969-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analyses of genomic DNA and clones indicate that the pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK; ATP: pyruvate, orthophosphate phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.9.1) gene family of maize (Zea mays L. subsp. mays, line B73) contains two members. Restriction site and DNA sequence comparisons between PPDK genomic and leaf cDNA clo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.8.3004
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A convergent, highly stereoselective total synthesis of (-)-spinosyn A (1) is described. Key features of the synthesis include the transannular Diels-Alder reaction of macrocyclic pentaene 11 and the transannular Morita-Baylis-Hillman cyclization of 12 that generates tetracycle 26. The total synthesis of (-)-spinosyn ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0401247101
更新日期:2004-08-17 00:00:00
abstract::Two photochromic activators of the electrogenic membrane of the electroplax of Electrophorus electricus are described. Trans-3,3'-bis[alpha-(trimethylammonium)methyl]azobenzene dibromide (Bis-Q), one of the most potent ever reported, is active at concentrations of less than 10(-7) M. Its cis isomer, which is obtained ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.68.8.1820
更新日期:1971-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cocaine addiction and overdose have long defied specific treatment. To provide a new approach, the high-activity catalytic antibody mAb 15A10 was elicited using a transition-state analog for the hydrolysis of cocaine to nontoxic, nonaddictive products. In a model of cocaine overdose, mAb 15A10 protected rats from coca...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.17.10176
更新日期:1998-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::Evolutionary theory reveals that punishment is effective in promoting cooperation and maintaining social norms. Although it is accepted that emotions are connected to punishment decisions, there remains substantial debate over why humans use costly punishment. Here we show experimentally that constraints on emotion ex...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0502399102
更新日期:2005-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::Replication-defective human adenovirus (Ad) group C transducing vectors, most of which have the E1A, E1B, and E3 genes deleted, are highly inflammatory despite the fact that the parental viruses typically cause subclinical or mild infections. To investigate this paradox, the roles that the E1A, E1B, and E3 genes play ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0303709101
更新日期:2004-03-02 00:00:00