Abstract:
:Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are important mutualists for the growth and health of most boreal trees. Forest age and its host species composition can impact the composition of ECM fungal communities. Although plentiful empirical data exist for forested environments, the effects of established vegetation and its successional trajectories on ECM fungi in urban greenspaces remain poorly understood. We analyzed ECM fungi in 5 control forests and 41 urban parks of two plant functional groups (conifer and broadleaf trees) and in three age categories (10, ∼50, and >100 years old) in southern Finland. Our results show that although ECM fungal richness was marginally greater in forests than in urban parks, urban parks still hosted rich and diverse ECM fungal communities. ECM fungal community composition differed between the two habitats but was driven by taxon rank order reordering, as key ECM fungal taxa remained largely the same. In parks, the ECM communities differed between conifer and broadleaf trees. The successional trajectories of ECM fungi, as inferred in relation to the time since park construction, differed among the conifers and broadleaf trees: the ECM fungal communities changed over time under the conifers, whereas communities under broadleaf trees provided no evidence for such age-related effects. Our data show that plant-ECM fungus interactions in urban parks, in spite of being constructed environments, are surprisingly similar in richness to those in natural forests. This suggests that the presence of host trees, rather than soil characteristics or even disturbance regime of the system, determine ECM fungal community structure and diversity.IMPORTANCE In urban environments, soil and trees improve environmental quality and provide essential ecosystem services. ECM fungi enhance plant growth and performance, increasing plant nutrient acquisition and protecting plants against toxic compounds. Recent evidence indicates that soil-inhabiting fungal communities, including ECM and saprotrophic fungi, in urban parks are affected by plant functional type and park age. However, ECM fungal diversity and its responses to urban stress, plant functional type, or park age remain unknown. The significance of our study is in identifying, in greater detail, the responses of ECM fungi in the rhizospheres of conifer and broadleaf trees in urban parks. This will greatly enhance our knowledge of ECM fungal communities under urban stresses, and the findings can be utilized by urban planners to improve urban ecosystem services.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Hui N,Liu X,Kotze DJ,Jumpponen A,Francini G,Setälä Hdoi
10.1128/AEM.01797-17subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-11-16 00:00:00issue
23eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336pii
AEM.01797-17journal_volume
83pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 cells were armed with anti-flagellar (anti-H) antibody produced in rabbits immunized with flagellar core protein prepared from Vibrio vulnificus. This reagent was assessed by coagglutination for its capacity to agglutinate and identify V. vulnificus. A species-specific H antigen is expres...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.52.6.1299-1304.1986
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A bioassay method was developed to measure the average intensity within a UV disinfection reactor. The survival of spores of Bacillus subtilis was determined as a function of UV dose to prepare a standard curve. Spores were added to unknown systems, and the survival rate was used to determine the average intensity. A ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.45.3.872-877.1983
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The respiratory and photosynthetic quinones of microbial mats which occurred in Japanese sulfide-containing neutral-pH hot springs at different temperatures were analyzed by spectrochromatography and mass spectrometry. All of the microbial mats that developed at high temperatures (temperatures above 68 degreesC) were ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.1.198-205.1999
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The plasmid profiles of 619 cultures of Bacillus anthracis which had been isolated and stored between 1954 and 1989 were analyzed using the Laboratory Response Network real-time PCR assay targeting a chromosomal marker and both virulence plasmids (pXO1 and pXO2). The cultures were stored at ambient temperature on tryp...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.12.7778-7780.2005
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial isolates from frogs were phenotypically identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi, but 16S rRNA sequencing showed up to 100% identity with Brucella inopinata. Further analysis of recA, omp2a, omp2b, bcsp31, and IS711 and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) verified a close relationship with Brucella, suggesting th...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.07509-11
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two duck farms in Hong Kong were examined monthly for 1 year for the occurrence and persistence of influenza viruses within the duck communities. The predominant virus in one community was H3N2, a virus antigenically related to the pandemic Hong Kong strain. This virus was isolated monthly throughout the year from fec...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.43.1.110-115.1982
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biodegradation of benzene, toluene, and chlorobenzenes by Pseudomonas putida involves the initial conversion of the parent molecules to cis-dihydrodiols by dioxygenase enzyme systems. The cis-dihydrodiols are then converted to the corresponding catechols by dihydrodiol dehydrogenase enzymes. Pseudomonas sp. strain...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.54.6.1399-1404.1988
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains produce extracellular cellulose, a long polymer of glucose with β-1-4 glycosidic bonds. This study evaluated the efficacies of selected enzymatic and chemical treatments in inactivating STEC and degrading/removing the cellulose on STEC surfaces. Six cellulose-...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.06450-11
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) by Moraxella and Pseudomonas spp. involves an initial monooxygenase-catalyzed removal of the nitro group. The resultant hydroquinone is subject to ring fission catalyzed by a dioxygenase enzyme. We have isolated a strain of an Arthrobacter sp., JS443, capable of degrading PNP wit...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.60.8.3030-3032.1994
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salmonella enterica is an animal and zoonotic pathogen of worldwide importance. Salmonella serovars that differ in their host and tissue tropisms exist. Cattle are an important reservoir of human nontyphoidal salmonellosis, and contaminated bovine peripheral lymph nodes enter the food chain via ground beef. The relati...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02262-17
更新日期:2018-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::The pediocin-like bacteriocins, produced by lactic acid bacteria, are bactericidal polypeptides with very similar primary structures. Peptide synthesis followed by reverse-phase and ion-exchange chromatographies yielded biologically active pediocin-like bacteriocins in amounts and with a purity sufficient for characte...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.62.9.3313-3318.1996
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antigens from the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) cell wall have been shown to be immunogenic in vivo and upregulated during biofilm growth. In this study, we created purified, recombinant forms of selected antigens and biofilm-upregulated, cell wall-associated proteins. These proteins were shown to...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00855-07
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flux balance analysis and phenotypic data were used to provide clues to the relationships between the activities of gene products and the phenotypes resulting from the deletion of genes involved in respiratory function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The effect of partial or complete respiratory deficiency on the ethanol...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00009-08
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the harmful side effects on indigenous soil microorganisms of two organic solvents, acetone and dichloromethane, that are normally used for spiking of soil with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for experimental purposes. The solvents were applied in two contamination protocols to either the whole soil samp...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.4.1808-1816.2002
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twelve strains of different Bacteroides species were tested for their efficiency of detection of bacteriophages from sewage. The host range of several isolated phages was investigated. The results indicated that there was a high degree of strain specificity. Then, by using Bacteroides fragilis HSP 40 as the host, whic...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.53.7.1632-1637.1987
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deletion of the pcaHG genes, encoding protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase in Rhodococcus jostii RHA1, gives a gene deletion strain still able to grow on protocatechuic acid as the sole carbon source, indicating a second degradation pathway for protocatechuic acid. Metabolite analysis of wild-type R. jostii RHA1 grown on m...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01561-20
更新日期:2020-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously reported that an acid tolerance response (ATR) can be induced in Streptococcus macedonicus cells at mid-log phase after autoacidification, transient exposure to acidic pH, or acid habituation, as well as at stationary phase. Here, we compared the transcriptional profiles of these epigenetic phenotyp...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00315-08
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The different serotyping systems, based on thermostable O antigens, reported for Vibrio anguillarum and V. ordalii were compared by quantitative agglutination, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and subsequent silver staining or Western blotting (immunoblotting) of purified lipopolysaccharide (...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.12.4367-4373.1995
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the inactivation of human norovirus (HuNoV) GI.1 and GII.4 by chlorine under conditions mimicking sewage treatment. Using a porcine gastric mucin-magnetic bead (PGM-MB) assay, no statistically significant loss in HuNoV binding (inactivation) was observed for secondary effluent treatments of ≤25 ppm...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01270-17
更新日期:2017-11-16 00:00:00
abstract::The known archaeal family B DNA polymerases are unable to participate in the PCR in the presence of uracil. Here, we report on a novel archaeal family B DNA polymerase from Nanoarchaeum equitans that can successfully utilize deaminated bases such as uracil and hypoxanthine and on its application to PCR. N. equitans fa...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00624-08
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To produce high levels of β-lactams, the filamentous fungus Penicillium rubens (previously named Penicillium chrysogenum) has been subjected to an extensive classical strain improvement (CSI) program during the last few decades. This has led to the accumulation of many mutations that were spread over the genome. Detai...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01561-19
更新日期:2020-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::A new bacterial xylanase belonging to family 5 of glycosyl hydrolases was identified and characterized. The xylanase, Xyn5B from Bacillus sp. strain BP-7, was active on neutral, nonsubstituted xylooligosaccharides, showing a clear difference from other GH5 xylanases characterized to date that show a requirement for me...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00871-10
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rates of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), formate, and acetate mineralization and/or assimilation were determined in 13 high-temperature (>73 °C) hot springs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming, in order to evaluate the relative importance of these substrates in supporting microbial metabolism. While 9 of the...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00511-15
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pervasive environmental stressors on coral reefs are attributed with shifting the competitive balance in favor of alternative dominants, such as macroalgae. Previous studies have demonstrated that macroalgae compete with corals via a number of mechanisms, including the production of potent primary and secondary metabo...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02391-16
更新日期:2016-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Fusarium verticillioides (Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A [MP-A]) is a widespread pathogen on maize and is well-known for producing fumonisins, mycotoxins that cause severe disease in animals and humans. The species is a member of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex, which consists of at least 11 differe...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01819-08
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kinetics of concentration-dependent toluene metabolism were examined by evaluating each term in the second-order rate equation. Marine and freshwater pseudomonads were used. Uptake for Pseudomonas sp. strain T2 was characterized by a completely saturatable system with small transport constant (K(t) = 44 mug/liter)...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.53.9.2193-2205.1987
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spiroplasma citri is transmitted from plant to plant by phloem-feeding leafhoppers. In an attempt to identify mechanisms involved in transmission, mutants of S. citri affected in their transmission must be available. For this purpose, transposon (Tn4001) mutagenesis was used to produce mutants which have been screened...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.70.7.3960-3967.2004
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas putida aggressively colonizes root surfaces and is agglutinated by a root surface glycoprotein. Mutants of P. putida derived chemically or by Tn5 insertion demonstrated enhanced or decreased agglutinability. Two nonagglutinable Tn5 mutants (Agg) and two mutants with enhanced agglutinability (Agg) possessed...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.54.2.375-380.1988
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 114 gram-negative fecal isolates from domestic pigs in herds with different histories of antimicrobial agent exposure were screened for the presence of plasmid DNA and specific tetracycline resistance determinants. More than 84% of the isolates harbored plasmid DNA, which ranged in size from 2.1 to 186 kb. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.59.5.1467-1472.1993
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative in situ determination of conjugative gene transfer in defined bacterial biofilms using automated confocal laser scanning microscopy followed by three-dimensional analysis of cellular biovolumes revealed conjugation rates 1,000-fold higher than those determined by classical plating techniques. Conjugation ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.8.3710-3713.1999
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00