Abstract：
:B cells, plasma cells and antibodies may play a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). This notion is supported by various immunological changes observed in MS patients, such as activation and pro-inflammatory differentiation of peripheral blood B cells, the persistence of clonally expanded plasma cells producing immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid, as well as the composition of inflammatory central nervous system lesions frequently containing co-localizing antibody depositions and activated complement. In recent years, the perception of a respective pathophysiological B cell involvement was vividly promoted by the empirical success of anti-CD20-mediated B cell depletion in clinical trials; based on these findings, the first monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody-ocrelizumab-is currently in the process of being approved for treatment of MS. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of B cells, plasma cells and antibodies in MS and elucidate how approved and future treatments, first and foremost anti-CD20 antibodies, therapeutically modify these B cell components. We will furthermore describe regulatory functions of B cells in MS and discuss how the evolving knowledge of these therapeutically desirable B cell properties can be harnessed to improve future safety and efficacy of B cell-directed therapy in MS.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Lehmann-Horn K,Kinzel S,Weber MSdoi
10.3390/ijms18102048subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-09-23 00:00:00issue
10issn
1422-0067pii
ijms18102048journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Nanoencapsulation of thiamine dilauryl sulfate (TDS), a vitamin B1 derivative, was proved to effectively inhibit the spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani (F. oxysporum), as well as mycelial growth. The average diameter of nanoparticles was measured as 136 nm by being encapsulated with an edible encap...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms14024283
更新日期：2013-02-21 00:00:00
abstract：:In a recent study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of a collection of resveratrol-derived monomers and dimers against a series of foodborne pathogens. Out of the tested molecules, dehydro-δ-viniferin and dehydro-ε-viniferin emerged as the most promising derivatives. To define the structural elements essenti...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21062168
更新日期：2020-03-21 00:00:00
abstract：:The translation of metallothioneins (MTs) is one of the defense strategies by which organisms protect themselves from metal-induced toxicity. MTs belong to a family of proteins comprising MT-1, MT-2, MT-3, and MT-4 classes, with multiple isoforms within each class. The main aim of this study was to determine the behav...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18030610
更新日期：2017-03-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein export in eukaryotes can either occur via the classical pathway traversing the endomembrane system or exploit alternative routes summarized as unconventional secretion. Besides multiple examples in higher eukaryotes, unconventional secretion has also been described for fungal proteins with diverse functions in...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2019-01-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to explore the optimal therapeutic dose and time window of picroside II for treating cerebral ischemic injury in rats according to the orthogonal test. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models were established by intraluminally inserting a thread into middle cerebral artery (MCA) fr...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms13032551
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abstract：:The WRKY transcription factor superfamily is known to participate in plant growth and stress response. However, the role of this family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is largely unknown. Here, a salt-induced gene TaWRKY13 was identified in an RNA-Seq data set from salt-treated wheat. The results of RT-qPCR analysis s...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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doi：10.3390/ijms20225712
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abstract：:Double-spikes Phalaenopsis orchids have greater market value than those with single-spike. In this study, a gene designated as Spike Activator 1 (SPK1), which encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, was isolated and characterized from Phalaenopsis aphrodite (moth orchid). SPK1 was highly expresse...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20215406
更新日期：2019-10-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Tg2576 mice (APP), has provided valuable information, such as the role of the metallothionein (MT) family in their behavioral and amyloidosis phenotypes. In this study, we further characterize the role of MT-1 by crossing Mt1-overexpressing mice with Tg2576 mice (APPTgMT). ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18020251
更新日期：2017-01-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The phototoxic effect of hypericin can be utilized for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) of cancer. After intravenous application and systemic distribution of the drug in the patient's body, the tumor site is exposed to light. Subsequently, toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated, inducing tumor cell death. To prev...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18071388
更新日期：2017-06-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex eye disease with many pathogenesis factors, including defective cellular waste management in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Main cellular waste in AMD are: all-trans retinal, drusen and lipofuscin, containing unfolded, damaged and unneeded proteins, which are degr...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2019-01-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Juglone, a major naphthalenedione component of walnut trees, has long been used in traditional medicine as an antimicrobial and antitumor agent. Nonetheless, its impact on oocyte and preimplantation embryo development has not been entirely clarified. Using the bovine model, we sought to elucidate the impact of juglone...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms22010168
更新日期：2020-12-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Copper's essentiality and toxicity mean it requires a sophisticated regulation system for its acquisition, cellular distribution and excretion, which until now has remained elusive. Herein, we applied continuous wave (CW) and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in solution to resolve the copper t...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21155536
更新日期：2020-08-02 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms22030982
更新日期：2021-01-20 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21176308
更新日期：2020-08-31 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms12106966
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thrombin is an essential procoagulant and profibrotic mediator. However, its implication in tuberculous pleural effusion (TBPE) remains unknown. The effusion thrombin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were measured among transudative pleural effusion (TPE, n = 22) and TBPE (n = 24) patients. Pleural...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20205076
更新日期：2019-10-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Globally, chickpea production is severely affected by salinity stress. Understanding the genetic basis for salinity tolerance is important to develop salinity tolerant chickpeas. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed using parental lines ICCV 10 (salt-tolerant) and DCP 92-3 (salt-sensitive) was screened...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21145058
更新日期：2020-07-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The gadolinium-based nanoagent named AGuIX® is a unique radiosensitizer and contrast agent which improves the performance of radiotherapy and medical imaging. Currently tested in clinical trials, AGuIX® is administrated to patients via intravenous injection. The presence of nanoparticles in the blood stream may induce...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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doi：10.3390/ijms21134673
更新日期：2020-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Wheat protein is considered a major type of food allergen in many countries including the USA. The mechanisms of allergenicity of wheat proteins are not well understood at present. Both adjuvant-based and adjuvant-free mouse models are reported for this food allergy. However, it is unclear whether the mechanisms under...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21093205
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The outer and inner dynein arms (ODAs and IDAs) are composed of multiple subunits including dynein heavy chains possessing a motor domain. These complex structures are preassembled in the cytoplasm before being transported to the cilia. The molecular mechanism(s) controlling dynein arms' preassembly is poorly understo...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in elderly individuals, and effective therapies are unavailable. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of sulforaphane (an activator of NF-E2-related factor 2) on mice with AD-like lesions induced by combined administration of ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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更新日期：2014-08-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Scaffolds made of biodegradable biomaterials are widely used to guide bone regeneration. Commonly, in vitro assessment of scaffolds' osteogenesis potential has been performed predominantly in monoculture settings. Hence, this study evaluated the potential of an unstimulated, growth factor-free co-culture system compri...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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abstract：:Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is one of the critical infectious complications related to host immune recovery. The spectrum of CMV infection is quite extensive, from asymptomatic CMV reactivation presenting mainly as CMV DNAemia to fatal CMV diseases involving gut...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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abstract：:High salinity and low temperatures can induce Artemia sinica to enter the diapause stage during embryonic development. Diapause embryos stop at the gastrula stage, allowing them to resist apoptosis and regulate cell cycle activity to guarantee normal development after diapause termination. P53 and DNA damage-regulated...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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abstract：:The aim of this study was to select effective and safe microbiocides for the disinfection and protection of historical wooden surfaces at the former Auschwitz II-Birkenau concentration and extermination camp. We tested seven active compounds against bacteria and moulds, of which didecyldimethylammonium chloride and N-...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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abstract：:The MAP kinase ERK5 contains an N-terminal kinase domain and a unique C-terminal tail including a nuclear localization signal and a transcriptional activation domain. ERK5 is activated in response to growth factors and stresses and regulates transcription at the nucleus by either phosphorylation or interaction with tr...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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abstract：:An ongoing challenge in functional epigenomics is to develop tools for precise manipulation of epigenetic marks. These tools would allow moving from correlation-based to causal-based findings, a necessary step to reach conclusions on mechanistic principles. In this review, we describe and discuss the advantages and li...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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abstract：:HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) activation is critical in breast cancer development. HER2 promotes cell proliferation, angiogenesis, survival, and metastasis by activation of PI3K/Akt, Ras/MEK/ERK, and JAK/STAT pathways. However, beyond these signaling molecules, the key proteins underlining HER2-media...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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