Abstract：
:The effect of different treatments on amino acid levels in neostriatum was studied to throw some light on the synthesis and metabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Irreversible inhibition of GABA transaminase by microinjection of gamma-vinyl GABA (GVG) led to a decrease in aspartate, glutamate, and glutamine levels and an increase in the GABA level, such that the nitrogen pool remained constant. The results indicate that a large part of brain glutamine is derived from GABA. Hypoglycemia led to an increase in the aspartate level and a decrease in glutamate, glutamine, and GABA levels. The total amino acid pool was decreased compared with amino acid levels in normoglycemic rats. GVG treatment of hypoglycemic rats led to a decrease in the aspartate level and a further reduction in glutamate and glutamine levels. In this case, GABA accumulation continued, although the glutamine pool was almost depleted. The GABA level increased postmortem, but there were no detectable changes in levels of the other amino acids. Pretreatment of the rats with hypoglycemia reduced both glutamate and glutamine levels with a subsequent decreased postmortem GABA accumulation. The half-maximal GABA synthesis rate was obtained when the glutamate level was reduced by 50% and the glutamine level was reduced by 80%.
journal_name
J Neurochemjournal_title
Journal of neurochemistryauthors
Paulsen RE,Fonnum Fdoi
10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb10586.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-04-01 00:00:00pages
1151-7issue
4eissn
0022-3042issn
1471-4159journal_volume
50pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The oxidation of differentially labelled glucose, pyruvate and glutamate in brain slices from rats aged 20 days to 26 months has been studied and the partition of the glucose used into the glycolytic-tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway and the glutamate-GABA shunt has been calculated. Over ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb11816.x
更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of temperature on the interaction of various ligands with the benzodiazepine receptor were studied in rat brain membrane preparations. The affinities of all ligands studied were reduced on raising the temperature from 4 to 37 degrees C. The variation of affinity constant with temperature deviated from the ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb08133.x
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:cAMP is known to regulate neurotransmitter release via protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent and/or PKA-independent signal transduction pathways at a variety of central synapses. Here we report the cAMP-mediated long-lasting enhancement of glycinergic transmission in developing rat spinal substantia gelatinosa neurons. For...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06275.x
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Beta-amyloid peptides (A beta) are deposited in an aggregated fibrillar form in both diffuse and senile plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The neurotoxicity of A beta in cultured neurons is dependent on its aggregation state, but the factors contributing to aggregation and fibril formation are...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70031182.x
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gap junctions serve as intercellular conduits that allow the exchange of small molecular weight molecules (up to 1 kDa) including ions, metabolic precursors and second messengers. Microglia are capable of recognizing peptidoglycan (PGN) derived from the outer cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus, a prevalent CNS pathoge...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03384.x
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because ATP is degraded to adenosine, its effect could be mediated by both P1 and P2 receptors. Hence, the actions of an ATP analogue, resistant to enzymatic breakdown (alpha, beta-methylene ATP), were studied on the resting and electrically evoked release of radioactivity from longitudinal muscle strips of guinea pig...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb02039.x
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cannabinoid receptors and the endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol have been suggested to regulate food intake in several animal phyla. Orthologs of the mammalian cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptors have been identified in fish. We investigated the presence of this endocannabinoid system in the bra...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03406.x
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myelin basic protein (MBP) dissociated from brain myelin membranes when they were incubated (37 degrees C; pH 7.4) at physiological ionic strength. Zinc ions inhibited, and calcium promoted, this process. Protease activity in the membrane preparations cleaved the dissociated MBP into both small (less than 4 kilodalton...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb01803.x
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is a peptide neurotransmitter that has been implicated in drug reward and reinforcement. CART mRNA and peptide expression are highly concentrated in several compartments of the mesolimbic reward pathway. Several lines of evidence suggest that CART peptides may contr...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03745.x
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Light stimulates dopamine release in the retina and has been shown to rapidly up-regulate rod opsin mRNA. In the present study, we tested the effect of dopamine on rod opsin mRNA expression and examined the hypothesis that dopamine can mediate a light-evoked increase in opsin gene expression. Northern blots showed tha...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00109.x
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several epidemiological and preclinical studies suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX), reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can lower β-amyloid (Aβ) production and inhibit neuroinflammation. However, follow-up clinical trials, mostly using selective ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.12059
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:G protein-coupled receptors are important regulators of cellular signaling processes. Within the large family of rhodopsin-like receptors, those binding to biogenic amines form a discrete subgroup. Activation of biogenic amine receptors leads to transient changes of intracellular Ca²⁺-([Ca²⁺](i)) or 3',5'-cyclic adeno...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.12619
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ca2+ uptake into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is mediated by Ca2+ ATPase isoforms, which are all selectively inhibited by nanomolar concentrations of thapsigargin. Using ATP/Mg2+-dependent 45Ca2+ transport in rat brain microsomes, tissue sections, and permeabilized cells, as well as Ca2+ imaging in living cells we d...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01962.x
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The rapid bidirectional transport of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in adrenergic axons provides a means of analyzing the life cycle of adrenergic storage vesicles. We compared the physical characteristics of DBH-containing particles traveling to or returning from the terminal varicosities of ligated rat sciatic nerv...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07379.x
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Manganese is an essential nutrient, integral to proper metabolism of amino acids, proteins and lipids. Excessive environmental exposure to manganese can produce extrapyramidal symptoms similar to those observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). We used in vivo and in vitro models to examine cellular and circuitry alteratio...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06145.x
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cochleo-vestibular ganglion contains neural crest-derived glial cells and sensory neurons that are derived from the neurogenic otic placode. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate the tightly orchestrated development of this structure. Here, we report that Sox10, a high-mobility group DNA-bin...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06897.x
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The in vivo biosynthesis of cholecystokinin (CCK) in subcortical regions of the rat brain was studied by intracisternal pulse injections of [35S]methionine. The rats were killed 1.0 or 1.5 h after the injection. Subcortical CCK extracted in boiling water and acetic acid was immunoabsorbed by an antiserum specific for ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb06290.x
更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microglia, the resident macrophage of the brain, can release substances that aid neuronal development, differentiation and survival. We have investigated the effects of non-activated microglia on the survival of cultured rat cerebellar granule neurones. Microglial-conditioned medium, collected from primary rat microgl...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02461.x
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sequence variation was found in cDNA coding for the extracellular domain of the rat gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor alpha 6 subunit. About 20% of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified alpha 6 cDNA prepared from rat cerebellar mRNA lacked nucleotides 226-255 as estimated by counting single-stranded ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63031167.x
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Following cellular stress or tissue injury, the proteasome plays a critical role in protein degradation and signal transduction. The present study examined the beta-subunit expression of constitutive proteasomes (beta1, beta2, and beta5), immunoproteasomes (beta1i, beta2i, and beta5i) and the 11S proteasome activator,...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04970.x
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:35SO4-labeled fast-transported proteins of bullfrog dorsal root ganglion neurons were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and their mobilities were compared to similar species labeled with [3H]mannose or [3H]fucose. Fluorography revealed regions of poorly resolved, high molecular weight material, likely ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb09055.x
更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:beta-Methyleneaspartate, a specific inhibitor of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1.), was used to investigate the role of the malate-aspartate shuttle in rat brain synaptosomes. Incubation of rat brain cytosol, "free" mitochondria, synaptosol, and synaptic mitochondria, with 2 mM beta-methyleneaspartate resulted ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb03044.x
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to psychostimulants results in neuroadaptive changes of the mesencephalic dopaminergic system including morphological reorganization of dopaminergic neurons. Increased dendrite arborization and soma area were previously observed in primary cultures of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons after 3-day exposure to...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07618.x
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aggregation of conformation-abnormal peptides probably plays a key role in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. DSCR1 Down syndrome (DS) critical region 1, was identified from a chromosomal region (21q22.1-q22.2) for the clinical manifestations of DS when an extra-copy is present. We report that expres...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02294.x
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The developing central nervous system is a primary target of ethanol toxicity. The teratogenic effect of ethanol may result from its action on prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are generated through the release of arachidonic acid (AA) by the action of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) on membrane-bound phospholipid...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00129.x
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neurotoxic properties of the dietary excitotoxins beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine and beta-N-oxalylamino-L-alanine have been studied in rat cerebellar granule cells and compared with those of glutamate. Glutamate caused dose-dependent death of cerebellar granule cells after a 30-min exposure when viability was assess...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69041508.x
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:alpha-Synuclein has been identified as a component of Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease and diffuse Lewy body disease, and glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) in multiple system atrophy (MSA). To explore the role of alpha-synuclein in the pathogenesis, we searched for molecules interacting with alpha-synuclein and di...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.t01-1-00232.x
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyperexcitability of the hippocampus is a commonly observed phenomenon in the years preceding a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our previous work suggests a dysregulation in glutamate neurotransmission may mediate this hyperexcitability, and glutamate dysregulation correlates with cognitive deficits in the rTg(...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.13230
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The physiological function of the cellular prion protein (PrP(c)) is unclear. PrP(c) associates with lipid rafts, highly glycolipid-rich membrane domains containing a large variety of signaling molecules, e.g., sphingolipids (SL). In this study, we investigated possible connections between PrP(c) and sphingolipid-asso...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05498.x
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were determined in oligodendrocytes, neurons, and astrocytes isolated from the brains of developing rats. The activity of each enzyme was significantly lower in both neurons and astrocytes tha...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb08637.x
更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00
