Abstract：
:Gap junctions serve as intercellular conduits that allow the exchange of small molecular weight molecules (up to 1 kDa) including ions, metabolic precursors and second messengers. Microglia are capable of recognizing peptidoglycan (PGN) derived from the outer cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus, a prevalent CNS pathogen, and respond with the robust elaboration of numerous pro-inflammatory mediators. Based on recent reports demonstrating the ability of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma to induce gap junction coupling in macrophages and microglia, it is possible that pro-inflammatory mediators released from PGN-activated microglia are capable of inducing microglial gap junction communication. In this study, we examined the effects of S. aureus-derived PGN on Cx43, the major connexin in microglial gap junction channels, and functional gap junction communication using single-cell microinjections of Lucifer yellow (LY). Exposure of primary mouse microglia to PGN led to a significant increase in Cx43 mRNA and protein expression. LY microinjection studies revealed that PGN-treated microglia were functionally coupled via gap junctions, the specificity of which was confirmed by the reversal of activation-induced dye coupling by the gap junction blocker 18-alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid. In contrast to PGN-activated microglia, unstimulated cells consistently failed to exhibit LY dye coupling. These results indicate that PGN stimulation can induce the formation of a functional microglial syncytium, suggesting that these cells may be capable of influencing neuro-inflammatory responses in the context of CNS bacterial infections through gap junction intercellular communication.
journal_name
J Neurochemjournal_title
Journal of neurochemistryauthors
Garg S,Md Syed M,Kielian Tdoi
10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03384.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-10-01 00:00:00pages
475-83issue
2eissn
0022-3042issn
1471-4159pii
JNC3384journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Enzymes considered to be markers for neurons (angiotensin converting enzyme, thermolysin-like metalloendopeptidase, alanine aminopeptidase, and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase), glia (glutamine synthetase, pyruvate carboxylase, and beta-glucuronidase), and endothelial cells (alkaline phosphatase and plasminogen ac...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb04539.x
更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of the glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitor, methionine sulfoximine (MSO), on glutamate levels in, and glutamate release from, rat striatal tissue was examined. Tissue levels of glutamate were unchanged 24 h after an intraventricular injection of MSO, but tissue glutamine levels were decreased 50%. Calcium-d...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb05406.x
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seven monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed to tetrasialoganglioside (GQ1b) were established, purified GQ1b being used for immunization and hybridoma screening. All of the MAbs reacted strongly with GQ1b, although they also reacted with other gangliosides, with different specificities and reactivities. Some MAbs (1H10...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb01901.x
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fused in sarcoma (FUS) is a ubiquitously expressed RNA/DNA-binding protein that plays different roles in the cell. FUS pathology has been reported in neurodegenerative diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Mutations in FUS have also been linked to a subset of familial ALS. FUS...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.15281
更新日期：2020-12-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Microglia are the main players of the brain immune response. They act as active sensors that rapidly respond to injurious insults by shifting into different activated states. Elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) induce cell death, immunostimulation and oxidative stress in both neurons and astrocytes. We rec...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07200.x
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stem cell-based approaches provide hope as a potential therapy for neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. One of the major scientific hurdles for stem cell therapy is the poor survival rate of the newly formed or transplanted neural stem cells. In this study, we found that low-dose treatment with the Heat shock protei...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07239.x
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:P25alpha is a protein normally expressed in oligodendrocytes and subcellular relocalization of p25alpha occurs in multiple system atrophy, Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia along with ectopic expression in neurons. Moreover, it accumulates in Lewy body inclusions with aggregated alpha-synuclein and is a poten...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05437.x
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The biotransformation of the opioid peptide dynorphin A(1-17) was investigated in striatum of freely moving Fischer rats, by direct infusion of this peptide, followed by recovery of the resulting biotransformation products via microdialysis and identification using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spec...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01859.x
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult neurogenesis was first observed nearly 60 years ago, and it has since grown into an important neurochemistry research field. Much recent research has focused on the treatment of brain diseases through neuronal regeneration with endogenously generated neurons. In the adult brain, immature neurons called neuroblas...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/jnc.14002
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A rapid and simple chromatographic procedure using HPLC with electrochemical detection is described for simultaneous determination of the substrates from precursor amino acids to metabolites related to synthesis and metabolism of three monoamine neurotransmitters--norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and 5-hydroxytrypt...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb02935.x
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of hypoglycaemic, hypoxic, and ischaemic conditions on high-affinity neurotransmitter transport was studied in the human astrocytoma clone D384 and the human neuroblastoma clone SH-SY5Y. Both cell lines expressed a sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter. Km values for D-[3H]aspartate uptake were 6...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63020603.x
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The myelin transcription factor 1 (Myt1) gene family is comprised of three zinc finger genes [Myt1, Myt1L (Myt1-Like) and NZF3] of the structurally unique CCHHC class that are expressed predominantly in the developing CNS. To understand the mechanism by which this family regulates neural differentiation, we searched f...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03131.x
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-mRNA, assayed by in situ hybridization combined with TH immunocytochemistry, showed a selective increase in the ventral tegmental area (A-10) but not in the substantia nigra (A-9) midbrain dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons 3 days after reserpine treatment. TH-mRNA in locus ceruleus noradrenergic...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb04970.x
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The lipids of gastrocnemius muscle from normal and dystrophic (dy) mice of the Bar Harbor, 129Re strain were studied. Animals were fed diets containing either 3.1% or 1.1% of total calories as linoleic acid. Lipid analyses were also done on muscle from a new mouse mutant, A2G-adr, which has abnormal muscle function, c...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb05502.x
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phosphatidylserine (PS), which is synthesized in mammalian tissues by the exchange between free serine and the nitrogen bases present in membrane glycerophospholipids, is strictly required for protein kinase C (PKC) activity. PKC, as other molecules involved in signal transduction, is present in lipid rafts, considere...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04783.x
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Na(+)-glutamate cotransporters are believed to countertransport OH- and K+. Previous evidence that the velocity of glutamate uptake can exceed the acid extrusion capacity of astrocytes raised the question of whether intracellular pH can become rate limiting for glutamate uptake. Cytoplasmic buffering capacity and ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66010169.x
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The time course of changes in extracellular glutamic acid levels and their Ca2+ dependency were studied in the rat striatum during focal cerebral ischaemia, using microdialysis. Ischaemia-induced changes were compared with those produced by high K(+)-evoked local depolarization. To optimize time resolution, glutamate ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63031003.x
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dystrobrevin binding protein-1 (dysbindin-1), a candidate gene for schizophrenia, modulates cognition, synaptic plasticity and frontocortical circuitry and interacts with glutamatergic and dopaminergic transmission. Loss of dysbindin-1 modifies cellular trafficking of dopamine (DA) D2 receptors to increase cell surfac...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.13501
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an autoimmune, animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS) in which demyelination and paralysis are evident. Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is a neurotoxin and endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist formed from tryptophan. The role of neurotoxins in general and QUIN in pa...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64031192.x
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by the loss of functional fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Loss of FMRP results in an elevated basal protein expression profile of FMRP targeted mRNAs, a loss of local metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-regulated protein synthesis, exaggerated long-term depression an...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.12453
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The rat adrenal hormone corticosterone binds to low and high affinity receptors, discretely localized in brain, including the dentate gyrus. Differential activation of the two receptor types under physiological conditions alters gene expression and functional characteristics of hippocampal neurones. In the present stu...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2003.02332.x
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in both the pathogenesis of and protection from NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal injury. This apparent paradox has been attributed to alternate redox states of nitrogen monoxide, whereby, depending on the redox milieu, nitrogen monoxide can be neuroprotective via nitrosation chemis...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0721843.x
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Animals treated with high doses of amphetamines have been used as a model of schizophrenia due to the similarities between the psychosis associated with this mental disorder and that induced by chronic amphetamine abuse. When administered to naive rats in high doses, the amphetamine-like CNS stimulant methamphetamine ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb12893.x
更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using a chemical-induced model of dentate granule (DG) cell death, cDNA microarray analysis was used to identify gene profiles from the laser-captured microdissected (LCM) hippocampal DG cell region versus the CA pyramidal cell layer (CA) from 21-day-old male CD1 mice injected with trimethyltin hydroxide (TMT; 3.0 mg/...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.03017.x
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Monoamine action in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens plays essential roles in striatal physiology. Although research often focuses on dopamine and its receptors, norepinephrine (NE) and adrenergic receptors are also crucial in regulating striatal function. While noradrenergic neurotransmission has been identi...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07137.x
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The AP1 site within the tyrosine hydroxylase gene proximal promoter is essential for the response of the gene to numerous stimuli. Stimulation of this gene is often associated with induction of the AP1 transcription factor, c-Fos. However, many stimuli activate or induce multiple transcription factors that interact wi...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.0022-3042.2001.00692.x
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several mechanisms have been implicated in pathological neuronal death including zinc neurotoxicity, calcium excitotoxicity and oxidative injury. Glutathione (GSH) serves to provide reducing equivalents for the maintenance of oxidant homeostasis, and also plays roles in intracellular and intercellular signaling in the...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01691.x
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abnormal regulation of brain glycogen metabolism is believed to underlie insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, which may be serious or fatal in diabetic patients on insulin therapy. A key regulator of glycogen levels is glycogen targeted protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates and activates glycogen synthase (GS)...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07345.x
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the wealth of information on the functional and pharmacological properties of the M2 muscarinic receptor, we know relatively little of structure and regulation of the M2 receptor gene. Here, we describe the organisation of the human M2 gene and its promoters. Four exons are present in the 5' untranslated regio...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02694.x
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myelin basic protein (MBP) dissociated from brain myelin membranes when they were incubated (37 degrees C; pH 7.4) at physiological ionic strength. Zinc ions inhibited, and calcium promoted, this process. Protease activity in the membrane preparations cleaved the dissociated MBP into both small (less than 4 kilodalton...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb01803.x
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
