Abstract：
:Evidence for a population of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors in the human retina is presented. The authors have used the irreversible ligand 3H-propylbenzilylcholine mustard (3H-PrBCM) to label muscarinic receptors. 3H- or 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTx) was used to label putative nicotinic receptors. Muscarinic receptors are apparently present in the inner plexiform layer of the retina. Autoradiographic grain densities are reduced in the presence of saturating concentrations of atropine, quinuclidinyl benzilate or scopolamine; this indicates that 3H-PrBCM binding is specific for a population of muscarinic receptors in the human retina. Binding sites for radiolabeled alpha-BTx are found predominantly in the inner plexiform layer of the retina. Grain densities are reduced in the presence of d-tubocurarine, indicating that alpha-BTx may bind to a pharmacologically relevant nicotinic ACh receptor. The work reported here is consistent with earlier data on cholinergic neurons in the retina of other mammalian species, as well as with previous work on the psychophysical effects of cholinergic agonists on human vision. This study provides evidence for cholinergic neurotransmission in the human retina.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Hutchins JB,Hollyfield JGsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-11-01 00:00:00pages
1550-7issue
11eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章abstract：Purpose:Growing evidence suggests the involvement of the macula even in early stages of glaucoma. However, little is known about the impact of glaucomatous macular damage on central pattern vision. Here we examine the contrast requirement for letter recognition and its relationship with retinal thickness in the macular...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.17-22621
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantitative autoradiography was used to study the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the retina of albino rats following in vivo exposure to 300-nm radiation. Relative to background labeling in unexposed eyes, there was 8-20 times as much label per unit area in the outer nuclear layer, inner nuclear layer, and gangli...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) catalyses the formation of angiotensin II (ANGII), which presumably acts as a central neurotransmitter/modulator. ANGII-related effects have also been observed in the retina. Present in vivo experiments were designed to investigate further ANGII-related effects on retinal neu...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To study transition zones from normal to abnormal retina in Usher syndrome IB (USH1B) caused by myosin 7A (MYO7A) mutations. METHODS:Optical coherence tomography (OCT) scattering layers in outer retina were segmented in patients (n = 16, ages 2-42; eight patients had serial data, average interval 4.5 years) to...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.15-18860
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To characterize the spectrum of mutations in the OPA1 gene in a large international panel of patients with autosomal dominant optic atrophy (adOA), to improve understanding of the range of functional deficits attributable to sequence variants in this gene, and to assess any genotype-phenotype correlations. MET...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The mouse has become an important wound healing model with which to study corneal fibrosis, a frequent complication of refractive surgery. The aim of the current study was to quantify changes in stromal ultrastructure and light scatter that characterize fibrosis in mouse corneal debridement wounds. METHODS:Epi...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.11-9305
更新日期：2012-05-14 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To investigate transepidermal water loss (TEWL) from the ocular area in dry eye disease (DED) and evaluate the correlation between ocular TEWL and other DED parameters. Methods:Transepidermal water loss from the ocular area in 56 eyes with DED and 38 healthy eyes was measured using a Tewameter TM300 that was e...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.16-20109
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The objective of this study was to investigate whether leakage of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) in tear is associated with damage of lacrimal glands (LGs) in dacryoadenitis models. METHODS:Female MRL/lpr (24-week-old), male NOD/Shi Jci (5-, 8-, and 10-week-old), female NFS/s-TX (10-week-old), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have been used to express several different proteins in the eye. The purpose of this study was to determine whether AAV-mediated intraocular gene transfer of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) inhibits the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a murine m...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intravitreal membranes from patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) consist partly of retinal glial (RG) and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells surrounded by varying amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM). The contribution of the ECM to the growth of PVR membranes is unknown. This study was undertaken t...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the 2-deoxyglucose technique, the rate of glucose utilization in small areas of the central nervous system is measured using a standard operational equation that assumes negligible glucose-6-phosphatase activity. Hoping to apply this technique in the mammalian retina, we sought to identify the extent of this enzyme...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We report on instantaneous volumetric flow rate of vitreous cutters measured by means of particle image velocimetry (PIV). METHODS:In an in vitro experimental study, vitreous cutters mounting a regular blade (RB) or modified Twedge blade (TB) engineered for higher flow were connected to a console machine equip...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.14-15467
更新日期：2014-11-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Increased saccadic latencies were measured in the amblyopic eyes of subjects having amblyopia without strabismus, constant strabismus amblyopia, and intermittent strabismus. The subjects tracked a small, bright spot of light moving with random, horizontal step displacements of 0.25 to 8.5 degrees over the central reti...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To identify if whole-body hydration plays an important role in dry eye (DE). We hypothesized that individuals classified as DE have higher plasma osmolality (Posm), indicating suboptimal hydration, compared with those classified as non-DE. METHODS:Using a hospital-based observational cross-sectional design, as...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.12-10175
更新日期：2012-09-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Advanced macular degeneration is an important cause of vision loss in the United States with over 2 million people affected by the disease. Despite substantial progress in the development of new therapies for wet AMD, the severe visual impairment associated with geographic atrophy in dry AMD or Stargardt disease remai...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1167/iovs.15-18681
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Hormone diseases induce changes in the lacrimal gland (LG) and ocular surface (OS). Thyroid hormone (TH) induces cell proliferation and lipid metabolism through the activation of TH receptors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the location and comparative expression of TH receptor beta-1 (Thrb) in LG...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.06-1309
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the effects of silencing Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. METHODS:Corneal TLR9 mRNA levels were tested by RT-PCR in C57BL/6 (B6, susceptible) and BALB/c (resistant) mice and compared. The response of B6 mice to CpG DNA, which binds TLR9, was tested after su...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.05-0185
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The influences of diurnal rhythms involving a variety of ocular parameters are implicated in the development of myopia. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of the melatonin receptor subtype proteins in chick ocular tissues and to examine the role of the circadian signaling molecule melaton...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.05-0195
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Alcohol produces changes in the electro-oculogram (EOG) similar to those caused by light, but indirect evidence indicates that alcohol directly affects the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). An investigation of the alcohol-induced increase (termed the alcohol rise in this study) in patients with disease of the p...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Fibrillins are the major constituent of tissue microfibrils, which form the ocular zonule. In Marfan syndrome (MFS), FBN1 mutations lead to ectopia lentis. The goal of this work was to investigate zonule composition and formation in fibrillin-deficient and wild-type mice. METHODS:Immunofluorescence staining of...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.13-13121
更新日期：2013-12-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Angiotensin II (A2) is a vasoconstrictor generated by the renin-angiotensin system. A2 appears to act also as an angiogenic factor. Recent evidence suggests that renin is synthesized at many tissue sites and may generate A2 locally. Local A2 may have important functions in the normal and diseased eye. We examined eigh...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) is an acquired hyperelasticity disorder affecting the upper eyelid. The tarsal plate becomes hyperelastic with a loss of intrinsic rigidity. As a result, the eyelid is subjected to cyclic mechanical stress. This condition was used as a model to investigate changes in dynamic fibrobl...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.09-4724
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Our prospective study was conducted to compare axial length elongation in myopic children receiving long-term overnight orthokeratology (OK) treatment to those wearing spectacles as controls. METHODS:There were 59 subjects enrolled in this study. The OK group comprised 29 subjects who matched the inclusion cri...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.11-8453
更新日期：2012-06-22 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The Rd4/+ mouse inherits an autosomal dominant retinal degeneration that cosegregates with a large inversion spanning nearly all of mouse chromosome 4 (Chr 4). This inversion is homozygous lethal. The hypothesis for the study was that disruption of a gene at one of the two breakpoints in the Rd4 chromosome is r...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.05-1164
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The possible role of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors in novel pressure-lowering drugs is currently under investigation. To gain further insight into regulation of contractility by PKC in trabecular meshwork (TM) and ciliary muscle (CM), the effects of various PKC inhibitors and activators were tested. METHOD...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To assess the neuroprotective effects of different glutamate modulation strategies, with a nonselective (MK801) and a selective (ifenprodil) NMDA receptor antagonist and a metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist (mGluR Group II, LY354740), in glaucoma-related in vivo rat models of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) ap...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.05-0754
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the intraocular safety and pharmacokinetics of hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir (HDP-CDV), the hydrolysis product of HDP-cyclic-CDV, a long-lasting intravitreal cidofovir prodrug for cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. METHODS:HDP-cyclic-CDV was suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37°C and for...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.11-8293
更新日期：2011-12-09 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To investigate the relationship between lens power and age as well as the relationship between lens power and axial length (AL) in Chinese children and adolescents. Methods:The participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination that included AL, cycloplegic refraction, and Pentacam measurements. The...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.17-22639
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The authors' previous models predicted local formation of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in adults with diabetes and existing retinopathy. Here they derived a multivariate model for local prediction of DR onset in patients with no previous retinopathy. METHODS:Seventy-eight eyes from 41 diabetes patients were teste...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.10-5931
更新日期：2011-02-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Sodium iodate and sodium iodoacetate were employed as biological probes to evaluate component forces contributing to the strength of retinal adhesion to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Iodate treatment produced a rapid reduction in the strength of adhesion, which was complete within 1 hr without evidence of conc...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00
