Abstract：
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease marked by β-cell destruction. Immunotherapies for T1D have been investigated since the 1980s and have focused on restoration of tolerance, T cell or B cell inhibition, regulatory T cell (Treg) induction, suppression of innate immunity and inflammation, immune system reset, and islet transplantation. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview and lessons learned from single immunotherapy trials, describe recent and ongoing combination immunotherapy trials, and provide perspectives on strategies for future combination clinical interventions aimed at preserving insulin secretion in T1D. RECENT FINDINGS:Combination immunotherapies have had mixed results in improving short-term glycemic control and insulin secretion in recent-onset T1D. A handful of studies have successfully reached their primary end-point of improved insulin secretion in recent-onset T1D. However, long-term improvements glycemic control and the restoration of insulin independence remain elusive. Future interventions should focus on strategies that combine immunomodulation with efforts to alleviate β-cell stress and address the formation of antigens that activate autoimmunity.
journal_name
Curr Diab Repjournal_title
Current diabetes reportsauthors
Bone RN,Evans-Molina Cdoi
10.1007/s11892-017-0878-zsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-07-01 00:00:00pages
50issue
7eissn
1534-4827issn
1539-0829pii
10.1007/s11892-017-0878-zjournal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Validated thermodynamic energy balance models that predict weight change are ever more in use today. Delivery of model predictions using web-based applets and/or smart phones has transformed these models into viable clinical tools. Here, we provide the general framework for thermodynamic energy balanc...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-019-1207-5
更新日期：2019-08-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a pivotal role in preventing and treating diabetic nephropathy. However, despite documented beneficial effects of RAAS inhibitors in diabetic patients with nephropathy, reversal of the progressive course of this disorder or at least long-term stabiliz...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-009-0073-y
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exercise has long been recognized as a cornerstone in diabetes care. Even so, modern science is just beginning to understand the physiologic impact cardiovascular fitness has on long-term diabetes management, and the prevention or delay, of type 2 diabetes. Recent advances in research are defining the metabolic pathwa...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-002-0109-z
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The therapy of type 1 diabetes is an open challenging problem. The restoration of normoglycemia and insulin independence in immunosuppressed type 1 diabetic recipients of islet allotransplantation has shown the potential of a cell-based diabetes therapy. Even if successful, this approach poses a problem of scarce tiss...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-011-0213-z
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This study aims to examine the operationalisation of 'psychological insulin resistance' (PIR) among people with type 2 diabetes and to identify and critique relevant measures. RECENT FINDINGS:PIR has been operationalised as (1) the assessment of attitudes or beliefs about insulin therapy and (2) hypo...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-017-0873-4
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Evidence-based treatments for prediabetes can prevent and delay the development of type 2 diabetes in adults. In this review, we propose a framework for population-based diabetes prevention that links screening and prevention activities across key stakeholders. We also discuss gaps in current practice...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-018-1090-5
更新日期：2018-09-19 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is used both in clinical practice and research to assess glucose tolerance. In addition, the OGTT is utilized for surrogate measures of insulin sensitivity and the insulin response to enteral glucose and has been widely applied in the evaluation of β-cell dysfunc...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-018-1023-3
更新日期：2018-06-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Attention to meal-related insulin replacement in type 2 diabetes is important as insulin deficiency progresses. The physiology in type 2 and type 1 diabetes differs, and optimal use of basal-bolus therapy in type 2 diabetes requires attention to such issues as the role for oral medications, residual endogenous insulin...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-004-0037-1
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pregnancy is susceptible to oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses can be altered in response to elevated levels of oxidative stress. Limited data in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) suggest that products of lipid peroxidation may be increased and antioxidant enzyme activities decreased, although the results hav...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-005-0024-1
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Type 1 and type 2 diabetes both accelerate cardiovascular disease, yet the triggers are likely different for the two types of diabetes. Results from large-scale clinical trials suggest that intense blood glucose control can reduce cardiovascular events many years later in patients with type 1 diabetes. In type 2 diabe...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-009-0005-x
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Overnutrition is a major cause of diabetes. The contrary situation of undernutrition has also been suggested to increase the risk of the disease. Especially undernutrition during prenatal life has been hypothesized to program the structure and physiology of the fetus in such a way that it is more prone to develop diab...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-014-0536-7
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The term prediabetes refers to subjects with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance who are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although both types of patients are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, they manifest distinct metabolic abno...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-009-0032-7
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although there is clear evidence from experimental diabetic neuropathy (DN) models that the multiple pathways involved in neuronal degeneration cause overproduction of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and cellular dysfunction, therapeutic approaches addressing these mechanisms have not yet provided a basis f...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-003-0007-z
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex chronic disease that has many facets for successful management. The burden of this management falls largely on the individual and their family members. Self-management has a major influence on T1D health outcomes, and with successful management, children and adolescents with T1D can ...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-014-0544-7
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Pancreatic islet cell transplantation is currently the only curative cell therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, its potential to treat many more patients is limited by several challenges. The emergence of 3D bioprinting technology from recent advances in 3D printing, biomaterials, and cell bi...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-019-1166-x
更新日期：2019-07-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The occurrence and progression of nephropathy associated with early onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a consequence of the ongoing epidemic of childhood obesity. Minimal evidence regarding treatment effectiveness of renovascular comorbidities in youth with early onset T2D is available, due to the relatively recent emerge...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-013-0456-y
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although type 1 diabetes remains the most common type of diabetes in the pediatric population, there has been a dramatic rise in type 2 diabetes in youth. Clinical distinctions between these two major types have become blurred. As genetic and biochemical measures become more affordable and available, practical applica...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11892-006-0020-0
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peripheral sensory neuropathy (PSN) and foot ulcers are disabling and expensive complications of diabetes with few therapeutic options. Knowledge of risk factors for both complications, based on prospective observational studies, permits identification of individuals at high risk and provides options for intervention....
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-001-0035-5
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although numerous chemokine/chemokine receptor pathways have been described to be implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), the CXCR1/2 axis has recently been proved to be crucial for leucocyte recruitment involved in insulitis and β cell damage. Multiple strategies blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway are avai...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-015-0638-x
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetic nephropathy has become the main cause of renal failure, but unfortunately the intimate mechanisms leading to the development and progression of renal injury are not yet fully known. Activated innate immunity and inflammation are relevant factors in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Moreover, different inflammator...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-006-0080-1
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes is driving the boundaries of clinical diabetes care outside of the traditional office setting. The purpose of this paper will be to review recent technological advances in the medical management of people with type 2 diabetes, spanning the spectrum of care ...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-019-1278-3
更新日期：2019-12-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetic neuropathy is a dying back neurodegenerative disease of the peripheral nervous system where mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated as an etiological factor. Diabetes (type 1 or type 2) invokes an elevation of intracellular glucose concentration simultaneously with impaired growth factor support by insu...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-015-0671-9
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease characterized by the need for additional antidiabetic agents overtime to maintain a stable level of glycemic control. The discovery of the glucagon like peptide 1, 1 of the 2 major incretins, was pivotal to the development of novel therapies, which can be used in individuals wi...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-013-0377-9
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes is a common complication of cystic fibrosis (CF), occurring in approximately 40% of adult patients. It is clinically distinct from type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and requires a unique approach. Because of evidence that it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, prompt diagnosis and aggressive manage...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-002-0069-3
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolomics is the snapshot of all detectable metabolites and lipids in biological materials and has potential in reflecting genetic and environmental factors contributing to the development of complex diseases, such as type 1 diabetes. The progression to seroconversion to development of type 1 diabetes has been stud...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-016-0820-9
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiological evidence indicates that excessive time spent in sedentary behaviours (too much sitting) is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we highlight findings of experimental studies corroborating and extending the epidemiological evidence and showing the potential benefits for T2D ...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-016-0797-4
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although a clear relationship exists between glycosylated hemoglobin and cardiovascular (CV) disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in epidemiologic studies, data from prospective studies are less clear. Earlier prospective studies examining intensive glucose lowering suffered from a lack of stati...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-009-0015-8
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Goal setting is a widely used behavior change tool in diabetes education and training. Prior research found specific relatively difficult but attainable goals set within a specific timeframe improved performance in sports and at the workplace. However, the impact of goal setting in diabetes self-care has not received ...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-014-0509-x
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The micro/macrovascular complications of diabetes cause considerable morbidity and premature mortality. The SGLT2 inhibitors are the first diabetes medications with significant benefits on microvascular disease (nephropathy) and macrovascular cardiovascular disease. In this review, we evaluate one of ...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-020-01359-z
更新日期：2020-11-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Worldwide increases in diabetes prevalence in the face of limited medical resources have prompted international interest in innovative healthcare delivery models. Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) is a "telementoring" program which has been shown to increase capacity for complex disease manage...
journal_title：Current diabetes reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11892-016-0784-9
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
