Causes of the trends and variations in CHD mortality in different countries.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Bundling, which consists of wrapping an infant for prolonged periods in a sheepskin cover after dried cow dung is applied, is a common and apparently unique practice limited to the rural, mountainous regions of Northern Pakistan. The practice is initiated at various ages during the neonatal period. Its poten...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Bennett J,Schooley M,Traverso H,Agha SB,Boring J

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Ready-made spectacles (RMS) have advantages; however, visual performance and satisfaction has not been evaluated. METHODS:A 1-month, double-masked, randomized clinical trial comparing planned continued use and visual performance of RMS to Custom Spectacles (CS) in adults aged 18-45 years with > or =1 diopte...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Keay L,Gandhi M,Brady C,Ali FS,Mathur U,Munoz B,Friedman DS

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are of great help when researchers try to understand the nature of causal relationships and the consequences of conditioning on different variables. One fundamental feature of causal relations that has not been incorporated into the standard DAG framework is interaction, i.e. w...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Nilsson A,Bonander C,Strömberg U,Björk J

更新日期：2020-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:While dietary patterns that are both predictive of chronic disease and mortality have been identified, the confounding effects of cardiorespiratory fitness have not been properly addressed. The primary objective was to assess the relation between dietary patterns with all-cause mortality, while controlling f...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Héroux M,Janssen I,Lam M,Lee DC,Hebert JR,Sui X,Blair SN

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although disorders of the prostate are among the most prevalent problems in elderly males, little is known about their epidemiological characteristics. The 1986 Barcelona Health Interview Survey (BHIS), a cross-sectional study of a random sample of the noninstitutionalized population of the city, was used to estimate ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Fernandez E,Porta M,Alonso J,Antó JM

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This report gives the results of a health interview survey using a recall interval of one month, in Rural Cameroon carried out between 5 November 1973 and 7 March 1974 on a random selection of 1886 families with 9362 individuals. The disease prevalence in the study area (a positive illness rate of 27.8 percent for a f...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Nchinda TC

更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In 2009, there were 8273 local screening laboratories, 254 confirmatory laboratories, 35 provincial confirmatory central laboratories and 1 National AIDS Reference Laboratory (NARL) in China. These laboratories were located in Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) facilities, hospitals, blood donat...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Jiang Y,Qiu M,Zhang G,Xing W,Xiao Y,Pan P,Yao J,Ou CY,Su X

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the influence of paternal smoking on birth defects is of great public interest, epidemiological evidence concerning this potential relationship is extremely limited. A stratified random sample of 29 hospitals in the Shanghai Municipality, China, was used to select 1012 birth defects cases and controls. Mother...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Zhang J,Savitz DA,Schwingl PJ,Cai WW

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of drug use, and how morbidity, use of health services, self-evaluated health, demographic pattern and lifestyle characteristics influence drug use in a general population. METHODS:The study was carried out in the municipality of Tromsø, Norway. A sample...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Eggen AE

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent criticism of epidemiologic methods has focused on the limitations of 'black box' epidemiology, a pejorative label given to the simple identification of exposure-disease relationships. The assessment of mediation is an important tool for addressing this criticism. By using mediation analysis to open the black bo...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Hafeman DM,Schwartz S

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a population-based cohort study in Southern Brazil, 87.3% of 5914 liveborn infants were followed for over 12 months. The 215 infant deaths occurring in this cohort were studied in relation to birthweight, gestational age and socioeconomic status. Causes of death were ascertained through the review of case notes and...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Victora CG,Barros FC,Vaughan JP,Teixeira AM

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to analyse both cross-sectional associations and how longitudinal changes in lifestyle factors from one state in 1980-1981 to another in 1988-1989 influence self-reported health status. Another aim was to estimate the hazard ratios for all-cause mortality for the changes in life...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Johansson SE,Sundquist J

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Associations between soy, dairy intakes and breast cancer risk are inconsistent. No studies exist with large numbers of dairy consumers and soy consumers to assess mutual confounding. METHODS:The study cohort contains 52 795 North American women, initially free of cancer, followed for 7.9 years (29.7% were ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Fraser GE,Jaceldo-Siegl K,Orlich M,Mashchak A,Sirirat R,Knutsen S

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although individual studies have been inconsistent, meta-analyses of epidemiological data suggest that high folate and vitamin B12 levels may be associated with increased prostate cancer risk. METHODS:Within JANUS, a prospective cohort in Norway (n = 317 000) with baseline serum samples, we conducted a nest...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： de Vogel S,Meyer K,Fredriksen Å,Ulvik A,Ueland PM,Nygård O,Vollset SE,Tell GS,Tretli S,Bjørge T

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Monks in a rural community in northern Thailand were observed to conduct anti-smoking activities. To evaluate the effects of the monks' efforts on change of people's smoking behaviour and attitudes, we conducted a survey of adults > or = 15 years of age in this village (intervention village sample) and a randomly sele...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Swaddiwudhipong W,Chaovakiratipong C,Nguntra P,Khumklam P,Silarug N

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Contact sports have high rates of injury. Protective equipment regulations are widely used as an intervention to reduce injury risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate the injury prevention effect of regulations governing protective equipment in two full-body contact sports. METHODS:Injury rates i...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Marshall SW,Waller AE,Dick RW,Pugh CB,Loomis DP,Chalmers DJ

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:Existing studies of the 1944-45 Dutch famine found little evidence of the association between early life malnutrition and midlife cognition. Methods:Among 2446 rural participants born between 1958 and 1963 in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we examined effects of exposure to China's 1959...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Xu H,Zhang Z,Li L,Liu J

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Live vaccines may have beneficial non-specific effects. We tested whether the live measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine compared with the non-live diphtheria-tetanus-acellular-pertussis-inactivated-polio-Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP-IPV-Hib) vaccine as the most recent vaccine was ass...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Rieckmann A,Hærskjold A,Benn CS,Aaby P,Lange T,Sørup S

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Social inequities and their relation to health form a topic of growing concern in the Netherlands. The present investigation on educational level and mortality was carried out in a cohort of men born in 1932, examined for military service in 1950/1951 and for whom vital statistics could be obtained. In the group of 78...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Doornbos G,Kromhout D

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Childhood mortality is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. For the implementation of efficient public health systems, knowledge of the spatial distribution of mortality is required. METHODS:Data from a demographic surveillance research project were analysed which comprised information obtai...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Sankoh OA,Yé Y,Sauerborn R,Müller O,Becher H

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This cohort profile describes the origins, tracing, recruitment, testing and follow-up of the University of Edinburgh-based Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 (LBC1921; N = 550) and 1936 (LBC1936; N = 1091). The participants undertook a general intelligence test at age 11 years and were recruited for these cohorts at mean ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Deary IJ,Gow AJ,Pattie A,Starr JM

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Examinations of 'healthy' men in Helsinki and in rural west and east Finland in 1956 included estimation of total cholesterol and that in the HDL and beta fractions separated by electrophoresis. Vital status to the end of 1980 has been ascertained for all but eight of the 526 men aged 35-61 and for all but two of 261 ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Keys A,Karvonen MJ,Punsar S,Menotti A,Fidanza F,Farchi G

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microscopic examination of multiple faeces samples of 2 825 persons was carried out in the Metropolitan Lagos. Overall prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica was 11.2%. Prevalence increased rapidly in younger age groups and there were no real differences between males and females. Prevalence was high among families who a...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Oyerinde JP,Alonge AA,Adegbite-Hollist AF,Ogunbi O

更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging (ILSA) evaluates the rates of diabetes, cardiovascular and neurological disorders in a random sample of 5632 Italians aged 65-84 years. METHODS:The ILSA has two components: a first screening phase administered to all participants, that includes a personal interview, p...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors：

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is usually necessary to estimate repeatability of a self-administered questionnaire from responses by subjects on just two occasions. It is shown that it is not possible to estimate false positive and false negative classification rates separately, but that an average correct classification can be calculated. This ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Chinn S,Burney PG

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of acquiring healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and often require specialized models of care. Surveillance of HAIs is essential for effective infection-prevention programmes. However, little is known regarding standardized or specific surveillance methods...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Valentine JC,Hall L,Verspoor KM,Worth LJ

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The long average incubation time from HIV infection to AIDS makes it difficult to estimate recent HIV transmission from AIDS incidence data. Age-period-cohort (APC) analysis can separate out the effects of age, calendar time and birth cohort to provide a clearer picture of transmission trends. METHODS:AIDS ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Houweling H,Wiessing LG,Hamers FF,Termorshuizen F,Gill ON,Sprenger MJ

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Predictions of primary liver cancer (PLC) incidence rates and case numbers are critical to understand and plan for PLC disease burden. METHODS:Data on PLC incidence rates and case numbers from 1990 to 2017 were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease database. The estimated average percentage change (EA...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Liu Z,Xu K,Jiang Y,Cai N,Fan J,Mao X,Suo C,Jin L,Zhang T,Chen X

更新日期：2020-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Epidemiology in Latin America, as in the rest of the world, has been developed for the purpose of contributing towards understanding the causes and determinants of the phenomena of health and disease in specific contexts. However, in that continent it has specific characteristics. METHODS:The paper explores...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Barreto ML

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Mortality was compared in the Jewish populations of Montreal and Israel and the overall Canadian population, to investigate whether the Israeli pattern of low male mortality and relatively high female mortality is replicated among Jews living elsewhere. METHODS:In Montreal, death certificates were obtained ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Shatenstein B,Kark JD

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00