Abstract:
:The advance of optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables a detailed examination of the human retina in-vivo for clinical routine and experimental eye research. Only few investigations to date captured human foveal morphology in a large subject group on the basis of a detailed analysis employing mathematical models. However, even for important foveal characteristics unified terminology and clear definitions were not implemented so far. This might be a reason, why to this day the human fovea is considered to be a mostly symmetric and round structure. Therefore, the most important finding of this work is the detailed analysis of the asymmetric structure of the human fovea. We employed five clinically highly relevant foveal characteristics, which are derived from a previously published fovea model. For each, an accurate mathematical description is given. The presented properties include (1) mean retinal thickness inside a defined radius, (2) foveal bowl area, (3) a new, exact definition of foveal radius, (4) maximum foveal slope, and (5) the maximum height of the foveal rim. Furthermore, minimum retinal thickness was derived and analyzed. 220 strictly controlled healthy Caucasian subjects of European decent with an even distribution of age and gender were imaged with an Heidelberg Spectralis OCT. Detailed analysis demonstrated the following general results: (1) significant gender difference regarding the central foveal subfield thickness (CFST) but no significant differences for the minimum central retinal thickness, (2) a strong correlation between right and left eye of the same subject, and, as essential finding, (3) strong structural differences of the fovea form in the different anatomical directions (nasal, temporal, inferior and superior). In the analysis of the foveal asymmetry, it will be demonstrated that the foveal radius is larger in nasal and temporal direction compared to inferior and superior position. Furthermore, it will be shown that the circular fovea rather has an elliptic form with the larger axis along the nasal to temporal direction. Interestingly, the foveal slope shows a divergent behavior as the temporal direction has the smallest slope angle and both, inferior and superior angles are clearly larger than the others. The findings in this work can be used for an exact quantification of changes in early stages of various retinal diseases and as a marker for initial diagnosis.
journal_name
Exp Eye Resjournal_title
Experimental eye researchauthors
Scheibe P,Zocher MT,Francke M,Rauscher FGdoi
10.1016/j.exer.2016.05.013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-07-01 00:00:00pages
1-11eissn
0014-4835issn
1096-0007pii
S0014-4835(16)30116-6journal_volume
148pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The lacrimal glands of male NOD mice exhibit many of the features of the human lacrimal gland in patients afflicted with the autoimmune disease, Sjögren's syndrome, including loss of secretory functions and lymphocytic infiltration into the lacrimal gland. To elucidate the early changes in the secretory pathway associ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2005.04.019
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of different diffusion times of mitomycin-C (MMC) on the intrascleral concentration vs depth profile of MMC in an experimental model. Scleral quadrants of eight human donor eyes were exposed to sponges soaked with MMC for an application time of 1 min. After irrig...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.2000.0901
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The localization of [35S]-sulfate and [3H]-glucosamine in the hamster non-pigmented ciliary epithelium was studied by light and electron microscopic autoradiography. The radioactivity was concentrated in the Golgi complex of the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium 10 mins after injections of [35S]-sulfate or [3H]-glucosa...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(83)90009-x
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The causes of vitreous humor (VH) liquefaction remain unclear. Diabetes accelerates this process and other ocular diseases. The weakening of the blood-retina barrier observed with diabetes could enhance the rate of transfer of relatively small molecules such as glucose (Glu) and phospholipids (PLs) from the retina to ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2020.108221
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was designed to identify genomic loci modulating the susceptibility of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in the BXD recombinant inbred mouse strain set. IOP was elevated by injecting magnetic microspheres into the anterior chamber and blocking the trabecular meshwork...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2017.12.013
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rifampicin, an antibacterial drug widely used in the treatment of tuberculosis and leprosy, has recently been reported to have anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects. However, its anti-angiogenic effect has not been investigated. We examined its anti-angiogenic effect on tube formation and proliferation by human um...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2007.10.003
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study were to establish a cell line derived from porcine hyalocytes and to investigate the regulation of hyaluronan (HA) synthesis in response to cytokines. After 50 passages of the cells derived from porcine vitreous tissue, a cell line was generated. The immortalized cells showed fibroblastic m...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2007.07.006
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to determine the safety and efficacy of transferrin-ricin A chain toxin (Tfr-rRA) at preventing retinal detachment in a rabbit model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). The toxicity of intravitreal Tfr-rRA (1000-5000 ng) was determined by indirect ophthalmoscopy and electroretinography on...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1996.0079
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in the elderly in developed countries. Neovascular/exudative (wet) AMD is the aggressive form of AMD and can involve choroidal neovascularization and vascular leakage. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) medi...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2016.02.010
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactive nitrogen species, in particular, peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) have been proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). Tyrosine nitration by ONOO(-) has been shown in other model systems to inhibit the activity of the superoxide anion quenching enyzme, manganese superoxi...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.2002.1141
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::RPE65-related Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a rod-cone dystrophy whose clinical outcome is mainly attributed to the loss of rod photoreceptors followed by cone degeneration. Pathogenesis in Rpe65(-/-) mice is characterized by a slow and progressive degeneration of rods dependent on the constitutive activation ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2011.12.019
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of UV filter levels in 48 cataractous human lenses was performed with the use of HPLC. A new chromophore with the absorption maximum at 410nm and molecular mass of 369Da was detected and assigned as deaminated 3-hydroxykynurenine O-beta-D-glucoside (3OHCKAG). Cataractous lenses are characterized by the wide r...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2008.03.013
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have examined the possible expression of fibroblast growth factor in cultured cells derived from bovine lens epithelium and corneal endothelium. Lens epithelial, but not corneal endothelial, cells were found to express the acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) gene, whereas both cell types express the gene encodin...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(88)80094-0
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to elucidate the expression of chemokines, their role and regulation in bacterial corneal infection using three bacterial strains (Pseudomonas. aeruginosa- invasive, cytotoxic and contact lens induced acute red eye strains) which have been shown to produce three distinct patterns of corneal d...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(02)00270-1
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mongolian gerbils were enucleated, and a crystal of HRP placed on the cut surface of the transected optic nerves emerging from the eyeballs. After incubation in an oxygenated medium, glutaraldehyde fixation, cryo-sectioning and reaction of the sections for peroxidase activity, HRP-labelled fibres were observed in the ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(87)80093-3
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Owing to a rapidly aging population, vision impairment caused by age-related cataract has become very common. Age-related cataract has also become one of the principal causes of blindness, and apoptosis of lens epithelial cells contributes to non-congenital cataract development. Previous studies have reported that mic...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2016.04.018
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a significant role in cellular and retinal health. The study of retinal tyrosine-sulfated proteins is an important first step toward understanding the role of ECM in retinal health and diseases. These secreted proteins are members of the retinal ECM. Tyrosine sulfation was shown to...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2014.07.007
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a multifunctional matrix protein that has recently been examined in various wound processes, primarily for its ability to activate the latent complex of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). TGF-β has been shown to play a major role in stimulating mesenchymal cells to synthesize extracel...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2011.06.018
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous animal studies indicate that aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs) are beneficial for the prevention or amelioration of diabetic complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy and the ocular complications of cataract, retinopathy and keratopathy. To aid in the identification of novel potent ARIs, we have previous...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2004.05.011
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine whether trans-scleral pressure affects scleral solute permeability by altering scleral thickness or hydration, and to investigate the sustained release delivery of dexamethasone. Scleral sections from donor human globes were mounted for in vitro flux studies. Scleral thicknes...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(03)00211-2
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity has been associated with abnormal lipid metabolism and with tissue hypoxia. Human Bruch's membrane (BrM) lipid deposits have been proposed to create a diffusion barrier to metabolic exchange between the choroid and photoreceptors, delaying the regeneration of photopigments. The speed of retinal dark adaptation...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2019.02.007
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The TGFβ/BMP signaling pathways are involved in glaucomatous damage to the trabecular meshwork (TM) leading to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), which is a major risk factor for the development and progression of glaucoma. The BMP antagonist gremlin is elevated in glaucomatous TM cells and tissues and can directly ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2013.05.011
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) markedly reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) when applied topically and induces strong relaxation of pre-contracted isolated ciliary muscle through PGE2 receptor. Because the ciliary muscle relaxation reduces IOP by enhancing uveoscleral aqueous outflow, the ciliary muscle where the existence of...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1999.0829
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cornea is a self-renewing tissue located at the front of the eye. Its transparency is essential for allowing light to focus onto the retina for visual perception. The continuous renewal of corneal epithelium is supported by limbal stem cells (LSCs) which are located in the border region between conjunctiva and cor...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2016.09.008
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An extraneous exon-skipping mRNA encodes an altered form of a light-absorbing opsin in human retina and pigment epithelium (RPE). The predicted protein variant differs from full-length RPE-retinal G protein-coupled receptor (RGR) by having an in-frame deletion of exon 6, which contains the entire sixth transmembrane d...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2005.11.013
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) activities were studied during corneal epithelial growth and differentiation in cell culture. LDH and G-6-PDH activities increased up to 60 and 150-fold, respectively, when corneal epithelial cells constituted a differentiated four to five lay...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.2001.1110
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Beige adipocytes and brown adipocytes can generate heat by using mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), a thermogenic protein. Browning/beiging is the emergence of beige adipocytes in white adipose tissues (WAT) for cold acclimatization. Here we show the existence of brown/beige adipocytes in retro-orbital WAT in ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2019.03.021
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Axial-length and refraction measurements are presented for the lid-sutured rhesus monkey at 6-month intervals during the first 1.5 years of life. The experimental data are fitted to an exponential growth theory allowing the calculation of time constants, apparent time origins, and correlation coefficients for 10 eyes ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(86)90043-6
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prolyl oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26) has been purified 26,000-fold from bovine lens tissue by anion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and isoelectric focussing, with an overall yield of 11%. The purified enzyme exhibited an isoelectric point of 4.8, a pH optimum of 7.5 and a molecular mass of 72 kDa under both n...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1994.1086
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Due to the high toxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics, many authors prefer to use third generation cephalosporines in the prophylaxis and treatment of intraocular infections. The aim of the present study was to determine safe ceftazidime levels in anterior chamber irrigation solution. Twenty-two eyes of 12 white New ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1996.0167
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00