Abstract：
:Cervical spine injuries continue to be a costly societal problem. Future advancements in injury prevention depend on improved physical and computational models, which are predicated on a better understanding of the neck response during dynamic loading. Previous studies have shown that the tolerance of the neck is dependent on its initial position and its buckling behavior. This study uses a computational model to examine three important factors hypothesized to influence the loads experienced by vertebrae in the neck under compressive impact: muscle activation, torso constraints, and pre-flexion angle of the cervical spine. Since cadaver testing is not practical for large scale parametric analyses, these factors were studied using a previously validated computational model. On average, simulations with active muscles had 32% larger compressive forces and 25% larger shear forces-well in excess of what was expected from the muscle forces alone. In the short period of time required for neck injury, constraints on torso motion increased the average neck compression by less than 250N. The pre-flexion hypothesis was tested by examining pre-flexion angles from neutral (0°) to 64°. Increases in pre-flexion resulted in the largest increases in peak loads and the expression of higher-order buckling modes. Peak force and buckling modality were both very sensitive to pre-flexion angle. These results validate the relevance of prior cadaver models for neck injury and help explain the wide variety of cervical spine fractures that can result from ostensibly similar compressive loadings. They also give insight into the mechanistic differences between burst fractures and lower cervical spine dislocations.
journal_name
J Biomechjournal_title
Journal of biomechanicsauthors
Nightingale RW,Sganga J,Cutcliffe H,Bass CRdoi
10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.01.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-02-29 00:00:00pages
558-64issue
4eissn
0021-9290issn
1873-2380pii
S0021-9290(16)00015-4journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:For in vivo impact loadings administered under controlled initial conditions, it was hypothesized that larger initial knee angles (IKA) and softer impacting interfaces would reduce impact loading and initial leg stiffness. A human pendulum was used to deliver controlled impacts to the right foot of 21 subjects for thr...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study proposed a revision to the Rosenstein's method of numerical calculation of the largest Lyapunov exponent (LyE) to make it more robust to noise. To this aim, the effect of increasing number of initial neighboring points on the LyE value was investigated and compared to values obtained by filtering the time s...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.01.013
更新日期：2019-03-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Proper cup alignment is crucial in total hip arthroplasty for reducing impingement risks, dislocations and wear. The Lewinnek "safe zone" is often used in clinical routine. This safe zone does not consider functional aspects and dislocation can occur even when the cup is oriented within the safe zone. Functional safe ...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.10.020
更新日期：2019-01-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Whole body vibration (WBV) is a promising tool for counteracting bone loss. Most WBV studies on animals have been performed at acceleration <1g and frequency between 30 and 90Hz. Such WBV conditions trigger bone growth in osteopenia models, but not in healthy animals. In order to test the ability of WBV to promote ost...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.04.031
更新日期：2016-06-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The surface roughness of a bone implant was defined parametrically. The values of the parameters defining the surface were varied. Some traditionally used surface roughness parameters were calculated. By means of a theoretical model the bone-implant interfacial shear strength was estimated. No simple correlation betwe...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0021-9290(00)00045-2
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The second part of this study of the six axes of head motion caused by translational seat vibration is concerned with the effect of fore-and-aft (x-axis) and lateral (y-axis) seat vibration. Seat-to-head transmissibilities have been determined at frequencies up to 16 Hz for each of the three translational and three ro...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0021-9290(88)90170-4
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arteries exhibit a remarkable ability to adapt to diverse genetic defects and sustained alterations in mechanical loading. For example, changes in blood flow induced wall shear stress tend to control arterial caliber and changes in blood pressure induced circumferential wall stress tend to control wall thickness. We s...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.11.011
更新日期：2009-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) has become one of the recommended techniques for pre-market evaluation of new joint implant designs. In this study we evaluated the effect of repositioning of X-ray tubes and phantom model on the precision of the RSA method. In precision measurements, we utilized mean error of rigid bo...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2003.09.004
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We developed an intravaginal instrumented probe (covered with a 10×10 matrix of capacitive sensors) for assessing the three-dimensional (3D) spatiotemporal pressure profile of the vaginal canal. The pressure profile was compared to the pelvic floor (PF) digital assessment, and the reliability of the instrument and rep...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.04.035
更新日期：2017-06-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study is to develop analytical models for simulating driving-point biodynamic responses distributed at the fingers and palm of the hand under vibration along the forearm direction (z(h)-axis). Two different clamp-like model structures are formulated to analyze the distributed responses at the fin...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.10.031
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ligaments can be subjected to creep and fatigue damage when loaded to higher than normal stresses due to injury of a complementary joint restraint. Continuum damage mechanics (CDM) assumes that diffuse damage accumulates in a material, thereby reducing the effective cross-sectional area and leading to eventual rupture...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.04.014
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In label-free biodetections based on microcantilever technology, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) structures form through the linkage between probe single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules immobilized on solid substrates and target ssDNA molecules in solutions. Mechanical/electrical properties of these biolayers are important...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.03.050
更新日期：2009-07-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Stress relaxation experiments were performed on specimens from a human intervertebral disc. Specimens were made from the nucleus pulposus and from the external lamellae of the anulus fibrosus in two different orientations. Tests were run with varying moisture content so as to develop a relaxation master curve. A model...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0021-9290(87)90144-8
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The orientation of the line of pull and geometrical characteristics of rat semimembranosus lateralis muscle (SM1) were measured in a plane during isometric contractions at different muscle lengths. The orientation of the line of pull was always similar in our plane of analysis. It was always aligned with the external ...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0021-9290(94)90051-5
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study looks at blood flow through four different right coronary arteries, which have been reconstructed from bi-plane angiograms. Five non-Newtonian blood models, as well as the usual Newtonian model of blood viscosity, are used to study the wall shear stress in each of these arteries at a particular point in the...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2003.09.016
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Healthy humans display a preference for walking at a stride frequency dependent on the inertial properties of their legs. Walking at preferred stride frequency (PSF) is predicted to maximize local dynamic stability, whereby sensitivity to intrinsic perturbations arising from natural variability inherent in biological ...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.10.012
更新日期：2014-01-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to compare passive and active muscle stiffness and tendon stiffness between long distance runners and untrained men. Twenty long distance runners and 24 untrained men participated in this study. Active muscle stiffness in the medial gastrocnemius muscle was calculated according to chan...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.04.012
更新日期：2015-07-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Most computational models of the heart have so far concentrated on the study of the left ventricle, mainly using simplified geometries. The same approach cannot be adopted to model the left atrium, whose irregular shape does not allow morphological simplifications. In addition, the deformation of the left atrium durin...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.08.023
更新日期：2011-10-13 00:00:00
abstract：:An experimental study was carried out on asymmetrical abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) to analyse the physiological flows involved. Velocity measurements were performed using particle image velocimetry. Resting and exercise flow rates were investigated in models with rigid and compliant walls to assess the parameters a...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.11.017
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of ankle kinematics and plantar pressure from mid-range barefoot running on T2 relaxation times of tibiotalar cartilage is unknown. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the T2 relaxation time of tibiotalar cartilage and ankle biomechanics following 5 km barefoot running. Twenty healthy runners (wh...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.04.046
更新日期：2019-06-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between the structure of bone on the microscopic level and its mechanical properties was investigated by comparing bovine cortical bone of two microstructural types. Measurements of elastic properties were made in three orthogonal directions on specimens of plexiform and Haversian bone, taken from the...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0021-9290(84)90134-9
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to provide physical information supporting the clinical use of flow mapping, an in vitro model was designed to measure the velocity fields in a pulsatile hydraulic turbulent jet. We used a peak velocity ranging from 2.5 to 5.5 m.s-1, an orifice diameter ranging from 5.8 to 11.3 mm and confined the jet in a re...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0021-9290(90)90367-c
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tendon functionality is related to its mechanical properties. Tendon damage leads to a reduction in mechanical strength and altered biomechanical behavior, and therefore leads to compromised ability to carry out normal functions such as joint movement and stabilization. Damage can also accumulate in the tissue and lea...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.04.004
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A three-dimensional finite element model of the human head is presented. The model has been validated against two sets of experimental results. To assess injury likelihood of the head subjected to impact loading, the structural intensity (SI) methodology is introduced in accordance with the prevailing practice in expe...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.11.015
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Knee kinetic asymmetries are present during jump-landings in athletes returning to sport following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, and are associated with an increased risk for sustaining a second ACL injury. The loadsol® is a wireless load sensing insole that can be used in non-laboratory settings. T...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.07.037
更新日期：2019-10-11 00:00:00
abstract：:We compare the predictions of the differential equation form of a class of bone-density stress adaptation models with their associated discrete-time computational algorithms. Although our considerations apply to the class of adaptation models based on bulk or apparent bone-density remodeling, we focus attention on a p...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0021-9290(05)80007-7
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To test the force plate as a gait analysis system for broilers and to determine how the ground reaction force (GRF) patterns change in these birds with growth and administration of analgesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Thirty-three male Ross 308 chicks were raised on either an ad libitum or restricted-feeding reg...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.09.014
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the study was to evaluate the rates of change in the estimated masses and principal moments of inertia of the body segments during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Fifteen subjects, on average 15.1 weeks pregnant, were tested monthly until term. The body was modelled as 16 segments consisti...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0021-9290(95)00042-9
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, a new radiostereometric analysis (RSA) calibration cage was developed with the aim of improving the accuracy and precision of RSA. This development consisted of three steps: a numerical simulation technique was first used to design the new cage; a synthetic imaging method was then implemented to predict...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.11.012
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine the swimmers' loss of speed during the underwater gliding motion of a grab start. This study also set out to determine the kinematical variables influencing this loss of speed. Eight French national-level swimmers participated in this study. The swimmers were filmed using 4 m...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.03.032
更新日期：2009-06-19 00:00:00
