Abstract:
:The localization of endothelin 1 mRNA and endothelin-like immunoreactivity was investigated in samples of neurologically normal nervous system tissue from 10 adults by using in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Tissue sections of spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia were hybridized with an 35S-radiolabeled endothelin 1 complementary RNA probe. Autoradiograms showed labeled neurons in the spinal cord (laminae IV-VI and many motoneurons) and numerous small and large neurons in the dorsal root ganglia. Endothelin 1 transcripts were also found in association with the endothelial layer of some blood vessels in the white matter of the spinal cord. A similar distribution of immunoreactivity was seen using three antisera to endothelin 1, but fewer cells were immunostained than were labeled after the hybridization. Two other endothelin 1 antisera immunostained the endothelial lining of blood vessels in the spinal cord white matter but not neurons. In the ganglia, endothelin 1 transcripts were localized to all cells expressing beta-preprotachykinin and most expressing calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNAs; in the majority of the motoneurons, coexistence of endothelin 1 and calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNAs was noted. There was a similar pattern of coexistence for respective peptide immunoreactivities in the ganglia and spinal cord. The expression of endothelin 1 mRNA in distinct neuronal cell types suggests that this peptide plays a part in neural transmission/modulation and adds a further dimension to the known vascular-related actions of endothelin 1.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Giaid A,Gibson SJ,Ibrahim BN,Legon S,Bloom SR,Yanagisawa M,Masaki T,Varndell IM,Polak JMdoi
10.1073/pnas.86.19.7634subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-10-01 00:00:00pages
7634-8issue
19eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
86pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Wild-type p53 protein is a growth modulator whose inactivation has been found to be a key event in malignant transformation. Reconstitution of wild-type p53 in the p53-nonproducer, Abelson murine leukemia virus-transformed pre-B-cell line L12 gave rise to stably growing clones. Wild-type p53-producer derived cell line...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.20.8982
更新日期:1991-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::We provide evidence that normal human presenilins can substitute for Caenorhabditis elegans SEL-12 protein in functional assays in vivo. In addition, six familial Alzheimer disease-linked mutant human presenilins were tested and found to have reduced ability to rescue the sel-12 mutant phenotype, suggesting that they ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.25.14940
更新日期:1996-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Up-regulation of the folding machinery of the heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) chaperone protein is crucial for cancer progression. The two Hsp90 isoforms (α and β) play different roles in response to chemotherapy. To identify isoform-selective inhibitors of Hsp90(α/β)/cochaperone p23 interactions, we developed a dual-lu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1205459109
更新日期:2012-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Synthetic 3-phosphocitrate, an extremely potent inhibitor of calcium phosphate crystallization as determined in a nonbiological physical-chemical assay, has many similarities to a mitochondrial factor that inhibits crystallization of nondiffracting amorphous calcium phosphate. In order to determine whether phosphocitr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.9.5528
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thermal macrophysiology is an established research field that has led to well-described patterns in the global structuring of climate adaptation and risk. However, since it was developed primarily in animals, we lack information on how general these patterns are across organisms. This is alarming if we are to understa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1918162117
更新日期:2020-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear import of classical nuclear localization sequence-bearing proteins is mediated by karyopherin alpha/beta1 heterodimers. A second nuclear import pathway, mediated by karyopherin beta2 (transportin), recently was described for mRNA-binding proteins. Here we report the cloning and characterization of human karyop...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.9.4451
更新日期:1997-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::Although soft devices (grippers, actuators, and elementary robots) are rapidly becoming an integral part of the broad field of robotics, autonomy for completely soft devices has only begun to be developed. Adaptation of conventional systems of control to soft devices requires hard valves and electronic controls. This ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1820672116
更新日期:2019-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::IL-17 is a T cell-derived, proinflammatory cytokine that is suspected to be involved in the development of various inflammatory diseases. Although there are elevated levels of IL-17 in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the pathogenic role of IL-17 in the development of rheumatoid arthritis remains ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1035999100
更新日期:2003-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::Intracellular transport is interspersed with frequent reversals in direction due to the presence of opposing kinesin and dynein motors on organelles that are carried as cargo. The cause and the mechanism of reversals are unknown, but are a key to understanding how cargos are delivered in a regulated manner to specific...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0906524106
更新日期:2009-11-17 00:00:00
abstract::The triphenylmethane derivative aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), but not aurin, selectively prevented the binding of OKT4A/Leu-3a monoclonal antibody (mAb) and, to a lesser extent, OKT4 mAb to the CD4 cell receptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The effect was seen within 1 min at an ATA concentration ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.9.3322
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion in the number of polyglutamine-encoding CAG repeats in the gene that encodes the huntingtin (htt) protein. A property of the mutant protein that is intimately involved in the development of the disease is the propensity of the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0408134101
更新日期:2004-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Spontaneous regression/complete resistance (SR/CR) mice resist very high doses of cancer cells that are lethal to WT mice even at low doses. In this study, we show that this resistance is mediated by rapid infiltration of leukocytes, mostly of innate immunity, in both primary and repeated challenges. Formation of rose...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0602382103
更新日期:2006-05-16 00:00:00
abstract::The identity of the oldest lineage of monocotyledons is a subject of debate. Alternative interpretations of morphological homologies are variously consistent with proposals that species of Alismatanae, Dioscoreales, or Melanthiales were the earliest descendants of the first monocotyledons. We present phylogenetic anal...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.10.4641
更新日期:1993-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::This work describes the rational design, synthesis, and study of a ligand that selectively complexes CUG repeats in RNA (and CTG repeats in DNA) with high nanomolar affinity. This sequence is considered a causative agent of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) because of its ability to sequester muscleblind-like (MBNL) pro...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0901824106
更新日期:2009-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::Comparison of about 50 pairs of homologous nucleotide sequences for different genes revealed that the substitutions between synonymous codons occurred at much higher rates than did amino acid substitutions. Furthermore, five pairs of mRNA sequences for different genes were compared in species that had diverged at the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.12.7328
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Superficial cells from early amphibian embryos display regional specializations of their cell surfaces. That portion of the plasma membrane facing the perivitelline space (apical surface) is nonadhesive, whereas, in the same cell, the lateral and basal portions of the plasma membrane will adhere to other cells. These ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.6.3460
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Model compositions of Earth, Venus, and Mercury are calculated from the premise that planets and chondrites underwent four identical fractionation processes in the solar nebula. Because elements of similar properties stay together in these processes, five constraints suffice to define the composition of a planet: mass...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.12.6973
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expression cloning of cDNAs was first described a decade ago and was based on transient expression of cDNA libraries in COS cells. In contrast to transient transfection of plasmids, retroviral gene transfer delivers genes stably into a wide range of target cells. We utilize a simple packaging system for production of ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.20.9146
更新日期:1995-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::The parathyroid hormone 2 (PTH2) receptor's anatomical distribution suggests that, among other functions, it may be involved in modulation of nociception. We localized PTH2 receptor protein to spinal cord lamina II and showed that it is synthesized by subpopulations of primary sensory neurons and intrinsic spinal cord...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.042416199
更新日期:2002-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::Efficient 3'-end processing of cell cycle-regulated mammalian histone premessenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) requires an upstream stem-loop and a histone downstream element (HDE) that base pairs with the U7 small ribonucleoprotein. Insertions between these elements have two effects: the site of cleavage moves in concert with t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.25.14659
更新日期:1996-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Carbon fixation is the process by which CO(2) is incorporated into organic compounds. In modern agriculture in which water, light, and nutrients can be abundant, carbon fixation could become a significant growth-limiting factor. Hence, increasing the fixation rate is of major importance in the road toward sustainabili...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0907176107
更新日期:2010-05-11 00:00:00
abstract::A rat model of hereditary renal carcinoma (RC) was found in a rat colony of the Sprague-Dawley strain in Japan and named the "Nihon" rat. In heterozygotes, RCs, predominantly the clear cell type, develop from early preneoplastic lesions, which began to appear as early as 3 weeks of age, to adenocarcinomas by the age o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0308071100
更新日期:2004-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::Total cellular poly(A)-enriched RNA from a variety of fresh human leukemic blood cells and hematopoietic cell lines was analyzed for homology with molecularly cloned DNA probes containing the onc sequence of Abelson murine leukemia virus (Ab-MuLV), Harvey murine sarcoma virus (Ha-MuSV), simian sarcoma virus (SSV), and...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.8.2490
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::New approaches to the study of early hominin diets have refreshed interest in how and when our diets diverged from those of other African apes. A trend toward significant consumption of C4 foods in hominins after this divergence has emerged as a landmark event in human evolution, with direct evidence provided by stabl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2006221117
更新日期:2020-09-08 00:00:00
abstract::We propose a phenomenological theory that accounts for entropic effects due to loop formation to predict pathways in the kinetics of protein folding. The theory, the basis of which lies in multiple folding pathways and a three-stage kinetics, qualitatively reproduces most of the kinetic measurements in the refolding o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.5.1277
更新日期:1995-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::An ADP analog carrying a biotin moiety and a photoreactive group was synthesized. In the presence of vanadate ion (Vi), the analog was tightly trapped into the ATPase site of heavy meromyosin (HMM) or myosin subfragment 1 (S1) in an ADP analog/ATPase site molar ratio of 1:1. UV illumination on the HMM (or S1)-Vi-ADP a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.2.212
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown that chronic activation of mitogenic signaling induced by over-expression of c-myc and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) transgenes in mouse liver induces a state of oxidative stress. We therefore proposed that increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation might be responsible f...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.040428797
更新日期:2000-02-29 00:00:00
abstract::The engineering of structures across different length scales is central to the design of novel materials with controlled macroscopic properties. Herein, we introduce a unique class of self-assembling materials, which are built upon shape- and volume-persistent molecular nanoparticles and other structural motifs, such ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1302606110
更新日期:2013-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::Reconnections of coherent filamentary structures play a key role in the dynamics of fluids, redistributing energy and helicity among the length scales, triggering dissipative effects, and inducing fine-scale mixing. Unlike ordinary (classical) fluids where vorticity is a continuous field, in superfluid helium and in a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1818668116
更新日期:2019-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::In Salmonella typhimurium, the CobU, CobS, CobT, and CobC proteins have been proposed to catalyze the late steps in adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis, which define the nucleotide loop assembly pathway. This paper reports the in vitro assembly of the nucleotide loop of adenosylcobalamin from its precursors adenosylcobinam...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.21.11798
更新日期:1999-10-12 00:00:00