Tug-of-war between dissimilar teams of microtubule motors regulates transport and fission of endosomes.

abstract：:A mutation in RPB5 (rpb5-9), an essential RNA polymerase subunit assembled into RNA polymerases I, II, and III, revealed a role for this subunit in transcriptional activation. Activation by GAL4-VP16 was impaired upon in vitro transcription with mutant whole-cell extracts. In vivo experiments using inducible reporter ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miyao T,Woychik NA

更新日期：1998-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Terrestrial solar UVB radiation ( approximately 295-320 nm) readily induces cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in human skin DNA that result in characteristic mutations associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer. The proinflammatory cytokine TNFalpha is important in mouse skin chemical carcinogenesis and is thought to ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Walker SL,Young AR

更新日期：2007-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:VIP21/caveolin is localized to both caveolae and apical transport vesicles and presumably cycles between the cell surface and the Golgi complex. We have studied the lipid interactions of this protein by reconstituting Escherichia coli-expressed VIP21/caveolin into liposomes. Surprisingly, the protein reconstituted onl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Murata M,Peränen J,Schreiner R,Wieland F,Kurzchalia TV,Simons K

更新日期：1995-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms controlling the transcription of gene sets in specific regions of a plant embryo shortly after fertilization remain unknown. Previously, we showed that G564 mRNA, encoding a protein of unknown function, accumulates to high levels in the giant suspensor of both Scarlet Runner Bean (SRB) and Common Bean e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Henry KF,Bui AQ,Kawashima T,Goldberg RB

更新日期：2018-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Data drawn from a global compilation of studies quantitatively confirm the long-articulated contention that erosion rates from conventionally plowed agricultural fields average 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than rates of soil production, erosion under native vegetation, and long-term geological erosion. The general ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Montgomery DR

更新日期：2007-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Using an antibody highly specific for D-serine conjugated to glutaraldehyde, we have localized endogenous D-serine in rat brain. Highest levels of D-serine immunoreactivity occur in the gray matter of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory tubercle, and amygdala. Localizations of D-ser...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schell MJ,Molliver ME,Snyder SH

更新日期：1995-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The fluxes of arginine and citrulline through plasma and the rate of conversion of labeled citrulline to arginine were estimated in two pilot studies (with a total of six adult subjects) and in a dietary study with five healthy young men. These latter subjects received an L-amino acid-based diet that was arginine-rich...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Castillo L,Chapman TE,Sanchez M,Yu YM,Burke JF,Ajami AM,Vogt J,Young VR

更新日期：1993-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Although proteins generally fold to their thermodynamically most stable state, some metastable proteins populate higher free energy states. Conformational changes from metastable higher free energy states to lower free energy states with greater stability can then generate the work required to perform physiologically ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chandrasekhar K,Ke H,Wang N,Goodwin T,Gierasch LM,Gershenson A,Hebert DN

更新日期：2016-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The yeast SIN1 protein is a nuclear protein that together with other proteins behaves as a transcriptional repressor of a family of genes. In addition, sin1 mutants are defective in proper mitotic chromosome segregation. In an effort to understand the basis for these phenotypes, we employed the yeast two-hybrid system...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shpungin S,Liberzon A,Bangio H,Yona E,Katcoff DJ

更新日期：1996-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Immune function is an energetically costly physiological activity that potentially diverts calories away from less immediately essential life tasks. Among developing organisms, the allocation of energy toward immune function may lead to tradeoffs with physical growth, particularly in high-pathogen, low-resource enviro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Urlacher SS,Ellison PT,Sugiyama LS,Pontzer H,Eick G,Liebert MA,Cepon-Robins TJ,Gildner TE,Snodgrass JJ

更新日期：2018-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Interbacterial interaction pathways play an important role in defining the structure and complexity of bacterial associations. A quantitative description of such pathways offers promise for understanding the forces that contribute to community composition. We developed time-lapse fluorescence microscopy methods for qu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： LeRoux M,De Leon JA,Kuwada NJ,Russell AB,Pinto-Santini D,Hood RD,Agnello DM,Robertson SM,Wiggins PA,Mougous JD

更新日期：2012-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Lymphangiogenesis plays an important role in promoting cancer metastasis to sentinel lymph nodes and beyond and also promotes organ transplant rejection. We used human lymphatic endothelial cells to establish a reliable three-dimensional lymphangiogenic sprouting assay with automated image acquisition and analysis for...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schulz MM,Reisen F,Zgraggen S,Fischer S,Yuen D,Kang GJ,Chen L,Schneider G,Detmar M

更新日期：2012-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Although ghrelin has been demonstrated to stimulate energy intake and storage through a central mechanism, its effect on hepatic lipid metabolism remains largely uncharacterized. Ghrelin receptor antagonism or gene deletion significantly decreased obesity-associated hepatic steatosis by suppression of de novo lipogene...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li Z,Xu G,Qin Y,Zhang C,Tang H,Yin Y,Xiang X,Li Y,Zhao J,Mulholland M,Zhang W

更新日期：2014-09-09 00:00:00

abstract：:A stable complex between pentaammineruthenium(III) and histidine-33 in horse heart ferricytochrome c is formed in the reaction between aquopentaammineruthenium(II) and the protein at pH 7. HPLC of the tryptic hydrolysate of the modified protein was employed to identify the pentaammineruthenium binding site. Spectrosco...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yocom KM,Shelton JB,Shelton JR,Schroeder WA,Worosila G,Isied SS,Bordignon E,Gray HB

更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The skeletal remains of a diminutive small-brained hominin found in Late Pleistocene cave deposits on the island of Flores, Indonesia were assigned to a new species, Homo floresiensis [Brown P, et al. (2004) A new small-bodied hominin from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia. Nature 431: 1055-1061]. A dramatical...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gordon AD,Nevell L,Wood B

更新日期：2008-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Generation of nanomechanical cantilever motion from biomolecular interactions can have wide applications, ranging from high-throughput biomolecular detection to bioactuation. Although it has been suggested that such motion is caused by changes in surface stress of a cantilever beam, the origin of the surface-stress ch...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu G,Ji H,Hansen K,Thundat T,Datar R,Cote R,Hagan MF,Chakraborty AK,Majumdar A

更新日期：2001-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:A lysine-to-arginine substitution at amino acid 65 (K65R) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) is associated with resistance to 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC), 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI), and the (-) enantiomer of 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC). To further characterize the molecu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gu Z,Arts EJ,Parniak MA,Wainberg MA

更新日期：1995-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbonic anhydrases (CAs; EC 4.2.1.1) are metalloenzymes present in mammals with 16 isoforms that differ in terms of catalytic activity as well as cellular and tissue distribution. CAs catalyze the conversion of CO2 to bicarbonate and protons and are involved in various physiological processes, including learning and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schmidt SD,Costa A,Rani B,Godfried Nachtigall E,Passani MB,Carta F,Nocentini A,de Carvalho Myskiw J,Furini CRG,Supuran CT,Izquierdo I,Blandina P,Provensi G

更新日期：2020-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:(2'-5')Oligoadenylate synthetase [(2'-5')A synthetase], which synthesizes a series of oligoadenylates ppp-(A2'p)n5'A [collectively referred to as (2'-5')A], has been described previously in rat liver cells, where its concentration varied with the growth status of this organ--i.e., it decreased during the early phase o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Etienne-Smekens M,Vandenbussche P,Content J,Dumont JE

更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The temperature coefficient of equilibrium isotope fractionation in the heavy elements is shown to be larger at high temperatures than that expected from the well-studied vibrational isotope effects. The difference in the isotopic behavior of the heavy elements as compared with the light elements is due to the large n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bigeleisen J

更新日期：1996-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms underlying age-related obesity and insulin resistance are generally unknown. Here, we report age-related adipose vascular changes markedly modulated fat mass, adipocyte functions, blood lipid composition, and insulin sensitivity. Notably, VEGF expression levels in various white adipose tissues (WATs) underw...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Honek J,Seki T,Iwamoto H,Fischer C,Li J,Lim S,Samani NJ,Zang J,Cao Y

更新日期：2014-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:To find the native conformation (fold), proteins sample a subspace that is typically hundreds of orders of magnitude smaller than their full conformational space. Whether such fast folding is intrinsic or the result of natural selection, and what is the longest foldable protein, are open questions. Here, we derive the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lin MM,Zewail AH

更新日期：2012-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：:In illuminated rod outer segment membranes, GTP and guanosine 5'-[beta, gamma-imido]triphosphate (p[NH]ppG) have reciprocal effects on cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDEase; 3':5'-cyclic-nucleotide 5'-nucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.17) activity and cGMP binding to noncatalytic sites on that enzyme. Two micromolar p[NH]ppG inc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamazaki A,Bartucca F,Ting A,Bitensky MW

更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have established empirical limits for the circular dichroism spectra appropriate for aqueous solutions of the B, C, and A forms of calf-thymus DNA and have analyzed DNA conformations in biological structures. The circular dichroism spectrum above 250 nm of purified calf-thymus chromatin can be satisfactorily accoun...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hanlon S,Johnson RS,Wolf B,Chan A

更新日期：1972-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Color and black and white line stimulation produce qualitatively and quantitatively different 2-deoxy[14C]glucose column patterns in the striate cortex of macaque monkeys. Microdensitometry of these stimulus-dependent columns reveals interlaminar density differences that serve as a signature for the stimulus condition...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Crawford ML,Meharg LS,Johnston DA

更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaccinia virus is the prototypic orthopoxvirus and was the vaccine used to eradicate smallpox, yet the expression profiles of many of its genes remain unknown. Using a genome tiling array approach, we simultaneously measured the expression levels of all 223 annotated vaccinia virus genes during infection and determine...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Assarsson E,Greenbaum JA,Sundström M,Schaffer L,Hammond JA,Pasquetto V,Oseroff C,Hendrickson RC,Lefkowitz EJ,Tscharke DC,Sidney J,Grey HM,Head SR,Peters B,Sette A

更新日期：2008-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:A major challenge of cancer immunotherapy is the persistence and outgrowth of subpopulations that lose expression of the target antigen. IL-15 is a potent cytokine that can promote organ-specific autoimmunity when up-regulated on tissue cells. Here we report that T cells eradicated 2-wk-old solid tumors that expressed...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu RB,Engels B,Schreiber K,Ciszewski C,Schietinger A,Schreiber H,Jabri B

更新日期：2013-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Prostaglandin J(2) (PGJ(2)) and its metabolites Delta(12)-PGJ(2) and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) are naturally occurring derivatives of prostaglandin D(2) that have been suggested to exert antiinflammatory effects in vivo. 15d-PGJ(2) is a high-affinity ligand for the peroxisome proliferator-activated rec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Straus DS,Pascual G,Li M,Welch JS,Ricote M,Hsiang CH,Sengchanthalangsy LL,Ghosh G,Glass CK

更新日期：2000-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Discrete state models are a common tool of modeling in many areas. E.g., Markov state models as a particular representative of this model family became one of the major instruments for analysis and understanding of processes in molecular dynamics (MD). Here we extend the scope of discrete state models to the case of s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gerber S,Horenko I

更新日期：2014-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:We reported previously that Go-deficient mice develop severe neurological defects that include hyperalgesia, a generalized tremor, lack of coordination, and a turning syndrome somewhat reminiscent of unilateral lesions of the dopaminergic nigro-striatal pathway. By using frozen coronal sections of serially sectioned b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jiang M,Spicher K,Boulay G,Wang Y,Birnbaumer L

更新日期：2001-03-13 00:00:00