Most central nervous system D2 dopamine receptors are coupled to their effectors by Go.

abstract：:Genomic clones and cDNA plasmids were isolated for the intermediate filament protein vimentin from chicken. The identity of the various clones was determined both by mRNA selection [Paterson, B. M. & Roberts, B. E. (1981) in Gene Amplification and Analysis, Structural Analysis or Nucleic Acids, eds. Chirikjian, J. G. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zehner ZE,Paterson BM

更新日期：1983-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Little is known about how members of the indigenous microflora interact with their mammalian hosts to establish mutually beneficial relationships. We have used a gnotobiotic mouse model to show that Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a component of the intestinal microflora of mice and humans, uses a repressor, FucR, as a ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hooper LV,Xu J,Falk PG,Midtvedt T,Gordon JI

更新日期：1999-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The tissue-specific expression of the chicken liver cell adhesion molecule (L-CAM) was studied by generating transgenic mice. The rat insulin II promoter was fused to a chicken L-CAM cDNA or to chicken genomic L-CAM sequences. Mice carrying the cDNA showed no expression of L-CAM. Mice carrying L-CAM genomic sequences ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Begemann M,Tan SS,Cunningham BA,Edelman GM

更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trace greenhouse gases are a fundamentally important component of Earth's global climate system sensitive to global change. However, their concentration in the pre-Pleistocene atmosphere during past warm greenhouse climates is highly uncertain because we lack suitable geochemical or biological proxies. This long-stand...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Beerling DJ,Fox A,Stevenson DS,Valdes PJ

更新日期：2011-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I is thought to balance the ATP/NADPH energy budget of photosynthesis, requiring that its rate be finely regulated. The mechanisms of this regulation are not well understood. We observed that mutants that exhibited constitutively high rates of CEF also showed elevated prod...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Strand DD,Livingston AK,Satoh-Cruz M,Froehlich JE,Maurino VG,Kramer DM

更新日期：2015-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in the DAX-1 [dosage-sensitive sex reversal-adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) critical region on the X chromosome; NR0B1] gene cause X-linked AHC associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. DAX-1 encodes an unusual orphan member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, acting as a transcriptional rep...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lehmann SG,Lalli E,Sassone-Corsi P

更新日期：2002-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Rat skeletal muscle selenoprotein W cDNA was isolated and sequenced. The isolation strategy involved design of degenerate PCR primers from reverse translation of a partial peptide sequence. A reverse transcription-coupled PCR product from rat muscle mRNA was used to screen a muscle cDNA library prepared from selenium-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vendeland SC,Beilstein MA,Yeh JY,Ream W,Whanger PD

更新日期：1995-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Developmentally regulated genes in Drosophila, which are conserved through evolution, are potential candidates for key functions in biological processes such as cell cycle, programmed cell death, and cancer. We report cloning and characterization of the human homologue of the Drosophila seven in absentia gene (HUMSIAH...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nemani M,Linares-Cruz G,Bruzzoni-Giovanelli H,Roperch JP,Tuynder M,Bougueleret L,Cherif D,Medhioub M,Pasturaud P,Alvaro V,der Sarkissan H,Cazes L,Le Paslier D,Le Gall I,Israeli D,Dausset J,Sigaux F,Chumakov I,Oren M,

更新日期：1996-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A pentapeptide open reading frame equipped with a canonical ribosome-binding site is present in the Escherichia coli 23S rRNA. Overexpression of 23S rRNA fragments containing the mini-gene renders cells resistant to the ribosome-inhibiting antibiotic erythromycin. Mutations that change either the initiator or stop cod...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tenson T,DeBlasio A,Mankin A

更新日期：1996-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:There is considerable evidence that links the activation of cellular genes to oncogenesis. We previously reported that structural rearrangements in the cellular oncogene c-erbB correlate with the development of erythroblastosis induced by avian leukosis virus (ALV). c-erbB recently has been shown to be related to the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Raines MA,Lewis WG,Crittenden LB,Kung HJ

更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Calendar date of the beginning of the growing season at high altitude in the Colorado Rocky Mountains is variable but has not changed significantly over the past 25 years. This result differs from growing evidence from low altitudes that climate change is resulting in a longer growing season, earlier migrations, and e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Inouye DW,Barr B,Armitage KB,Inouye BD

更新日期：2000-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The neuropeptide oxytocin has played an essential role in the regulation of social behavior and attachment throughout mammalian evolution. Because recent studies in humans have shown that oxytocin administration reduces stress responses and increases prosocial behavior, we investigated whether a common single nucleoti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen FS,Kumsta R,von Dawans B,Monakhov M,Ebstein RP,Heinrichs M

更新日期：2011-12-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Leaf-cutting ants combine large-scale herbivory with fungus farming to sustain advanced societies. Their stratified colonies are major evolutionary achievements and serious agricultural pests, but the crucial adaptations that allowed this mutualism to become the prime herbivorous component of neotropical ecosystems ha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： De Fine Licht HH,Schiøtt M,Rogowska-Wrzesinska A,Nygaard S,Roepstorff P,Boomsma JJ

更新日期：2013-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Assessments of the importance of different routes of HIV-1 (HIV) transmission are vital for prioritization of control efforts. Lack of consistent direct data and large uncertainty in the risk of HIV transmission from HIV-contaminated injections has made quantifying the proportion of transmission caused by contaminated...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： White RG,Ben SC,Kedhar A,Orroth KK,Biraro S,Baggaley RF,Whitworth J,Korenromp EL,Ghani A,Boily MC,Hayes RJ

更新日期：2007-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Amnesia produced by protein synthesis inhibitors such as anisomycin provides major support for the prevalent view that the formation of long-lasting memories requires de novo protein synthesis. However, inhibition of protein synthesis might disrupt other neural functions to interfere with memory formation. Intraamygda...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Canal CE,Chang Q,Gold PE

更新日期：2007-07-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Stimulation of catecholamine release was studied in the isolated adrenal of the cat during retrograde perfusion. Theophylline, adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP), and dibutyryl-cyclic AMP stimulated catecholamine release in adrenal chromaffin tissue; adenosine, 2'-AMP, 3'-AMP, and 5'-AMP were ineffectiv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Peach MJ

更新日期：1972-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using isotopic tracer methods, we have shown that dihydrolipoic acid (2,3-thioctic acid) acylates the distal oxygen of ferrous oxygenated Pseudomonas cytochrome P-450, forming a transient acyl peroxide intermediate that facilitates oxygen-oxygen bond cleavage. Single-turnover studies with 18O2 indicate one oxygen-18 a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sligar SG,Kennedy KA,Pearson DC

更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to understand the functions of simian virus 40 genes, permissive cells (TC7) were infected with mutants temperature sensitive in the complementation groups A, B, C, BC, and D at permissive and nonpermissive temperatures. Cells were examined for the localization of viral polypeptide antigens by immunofluoresce...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kasamatsu H,Nehorayan A

更新日期：1979-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has long been known that cholera outbreaks can be initiated when Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera, is present in drinking water in sufficient numbers to constitute an infective dose, if ingested by humans. Outbreaks associated with drinking or bathing in unpurified river or brackish water may dire...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lobitz B,Beck L,Huq A,Wood B,Fuchs G,Faruque AS,Colwell R

更新日期：2000-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a procedure for predicting the tertiary folds of alpha-helical proteins from their primary sequences. The central component of the procedure is a method for predicting interhelical contacts that is based on a helix-packing model. Instead of predicting the individual contacts, our method attempts to identif...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang C,Hou J,Kim SH

更新日期：2002-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously shown that hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication is controlled by noncytolytic mechanisms that depend primarily on the effector functions of the CD8(+) T cell response, especially the production of IFN-gamma in the liver. The mechanisms that control the nuclear pool of viral covalently closed circular...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wieland SF,Spangenberg HC,Thimme R,Purcell RH,Chisari FV

更新日期：2004-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The phytohormone cytokinin influences many aspects of plant growth and development, several of which also involve the cellular process of autophagy, including leaf senescence, nutrient remobilization, and developmental transitions. The Arabidopsis type-A response regulators (type-A ARR) are negative regulators of cyto...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Acheampong AK,Shanks C,Cheng CY,Schaller GE,Dagdas Y,Kieber JJ

更新日期：2020-10-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Seven clones encoding interferon response element binding factors have been isolated from a mouse fibroblast lambda gt11 cDNA library by using a 32P end-labeled tandem trimer of the mouse (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase gene interferon response element as a probe. Clone 16 shares strong similarity (95%) at both DNA a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yan C,Tamm I

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper finds that a 10-μg/m3 increase in airborne particulate matter [particulate matter smaller than 10 μm (PM10)] reduces life expectancy by 0.64 years (95% confidence interval = 0.21-1.07). This estimate is derived from quasiexperimental variation in PM10 generated by China's Huai River Policy, which provides f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ebenstein A,Fan M,Greenstone M,He G,Zhou M

更新日期：2017-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Diarthrodial joints are essential for load bearing and locomotion. Physiologically, articular cartilage sustains millions of cycles of mechanical loading. Chondrocytes, the cells in cartilage, regulate their metabolic activities in response to mechanical loading. Pathological mechanical stress can lead to maladaptive ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee W,Leddy HA,Chen Y,Lee SH,Zelenski NA,McNulty AL,Wu J,Beicker KN,Coles J,Zauscher S,Grandl J,Sachs F,Guilak F,Liedtke WB

更新日期：2014-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:To understand the role of the immune system in limiting HIV type 1 replication, it is critical to know to what extent the rapid turnover of productively infected cells is caused by viral cytopathicity or by immune-mediated lysis. We show that uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells of many patients contain cytot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Klenerman P,Phillips RE,Rinaldo CR,Wahl LM,Ogg G,May RM,McMichael AJ,Nowak MA

更新日期：1996-12-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Glycoprotein Ib is a surface membrane glycoprotein of platelets that functions as a receptor for von Willebrand factor. It is a heterodimer composed of an alpha and a beta chain linked by a disulfide bond(s). A phage lambda gt11 cDNA expression library prepared from mRNA from a human erythroleukemia cell line, HEL, wa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lopez JA,Chung DW,Fujikawa K,Hagen FS,Papayannopoulou T,Roth GJ

更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As the Copenhagen Accord indicates, most of the international community agrees that global mean temperature should not be allowed to rise more than two degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels to avoid unacceptable damages from climate change. The scientific evidence distilled in the Fourth Assessment Report of the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Heitzig J,Lessmann K,Zou Y

更新日期：2011-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A retinoid was isolated by a multistep procedure from the small intestines of vitamin A-deficient rats given a single dose of retinoic acid. The compound, designated 8II, was pure, as demonstrated by four high-pressure liquid chromatographic procedures. It was positively identified as 5,8-oxyretinoic acid by ultraviol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Napoli JL,McCormick AM,Schnoes HK,DeLuca HF

更新日期：1978-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA interference is an evolutionarily conserved process in which recognition of double-stranded RNA ultimately leads to posttranscriptional suppression of gene expression. This suppression is mediated by short (21- to 22-nt) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which induce degradation of mRNA based on complementary base ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barton GM,Medzhitov R

更新日期：2002-11-12 00:00:00