Abstract:
:This paper finds that a 10-μg/m3 increase in airborne particulate matter [particulate matter smaller than 10 μm (PM10)] reduces life expectancy by 0.64 years (95% confidence interval = 0.21-1.07). This estimate is derived from quasiexperimental variation in PM10 generated by China's Huai River Policy, which provides free or heavily subsidized coal for indoor heating during the winter to cities north of the Huai River but not to those to the south. The findings are derived from a regression discontinuity design based on distance from the Huai River, and they are robust to using parametric and nonparametric estimation methods, different kernel types and bandwidth sizes, and adjustment for a rich set of demographic and behavioral covariates. Furthermore, the shorter lifespans are almost entirely caused by elevated rates of cardiorespiratory mortality, suggesting that PM10 is the causal factor. The estimates imply that bringing all of China into compliance with its Class I standards for PM10 would save 3.7 billion life-years.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Ebenstein A,Fan M,Greenstone M,He G,Zhou Mdoi
10.1073/pnas.1616784114subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-09-26 00:00:00pages
10384-10389issue
39eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1616784114journal_volume
114pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Store-operated Ca(2+) entry depends critically on physical interactions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) sensor stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and the Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channel protein Orai1. Recent studies support a diffusion-trap mechanism in which ER Ca(2+) depletion causes STIM...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1101664108
更新日期:2011-08-09 00:00:00
abstract::Protein synthesis in all living organisms occurs on ribonucleoprotein particles, called ribosomes. Despite the universality of this process, eukaryotic ribosomes are significantly larger in size than their bacterial counterparts due in part to the presence of 80 r proteins rather than 54 in bacteria. Using cryoelectro...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1010005107
更新日期:2010-11-16 00:00:00
abstract::Perception can be described as a process of inference, integrating bottom-up sensory inputs and top-down expectations. However, it is unclear how this process is neurally implemented. It has been proposed that expectations lead to prestimulus baseline increases in sensory neurons tuned to the expected stimulus, which ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1705652114
更新日期:2017-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::Electrogenic sodium- and chloride-dependent gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport in crude synaptosomal membrane vesicles is partly inhibited by saturating levels of either of the substrate analogues cis-3-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid (ACHC) or beta-alanine. However, both of them together potently and fully inhi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.7.2550
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colloidal and sol-gel procedures have been used to prepare heterogeneous catalysts consisting of platinum metal particles with narrow size distributions and well defined shapes dispersed on high-surface-area silica supports. The overall procedure was developed in three stages. First, tetrahedral and cubic colloidal me...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0805691105
更新日期:2008-10-07 00:00:00
abstract::Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemias (t-AML) with translocations of the MLL gene are associated with the use of topoisomerase II inhibitors. We established the emergence of the malignant clone in a child who developed t-AML with a t(11;19) (q23;p13.3) during treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The MLL...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.181199898
更新日期:2001-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::Identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms for a derived phenotype by adaptive evolution is difficult. Here, we performed a systems-level inquiry into the metabolic changes occurring in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a result of its adaptive evolution to increase its specific growth rate on galactose...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1103219108
更新日期:2011-07-19 00:00:00
abstract::Proteases constitute the largest enzyme family, yet their biological roles are obscured by our rudimentary understanding of their cellular substrates. There are 12 human caspases that play crucial roles in inflammation and cell differentiation and drive the terminal stages of cell death. Recent N-terminomics technolog...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1524900113
更新日期:2016-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::The spectra of the alpha, beta, and gamma forms of zinc monoarsanilazotyrosine-248 carboxypeptidase A are indistinguishable. At pH 8.2 their crystals are yellow, while their solutions are red, lambda(max) 510 nm. Absorption and circular dichroism-pH titrations of the modified zinc and apoenzymes demonstrate that the a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.70.7.2006
更新日期:1973-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase (MAP kinase), which exists in several forms, is a protein serine/threonine kinase that participates in a growth factor-activated protein kinase cascade in which it activates a ribosomal protein S6 kinase (pp90rsk) while being regulated itself by a cytoplasmic factor (MAP kinase ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.14.6142
更新日期:1991-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::An unprecedented, spontaneous, and complete cleavage of the triple bond of N2 in the thermal reaction of 15N2 with Ta214N+ was observed experimentally by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry; mechanistic aspects of the degenerate ligand exchange were addressed by high-level quantum chemical calc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1913664116
更新日期:2019-10-22 00:00:00
abstract::Border cell migration is a stereotyped migration occurring during the development of the Drosophila egg chamber. During this process, a cluster composed of six to eight follicle cells migrates between nurse cells toward the oocyte. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are enriched at the leading edge of the follicle cells...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1010795108
更新日期:2010-12-28 00:00:00
abstract::Node characteristics and behaviors are often correlated with the structure of social networks over time. While evidence of this type of assortative mixing and temporal clustering of behaviors among linked nodes is used to support claims of peer influence and social contagion in networks, homophily may also explain suc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0908800106
更新日期:2009-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::Drug-target residence time (t = 1/k(off), where k(off) is the dissociation rate constant) has become an important index in discovering better- or best-in-class drugs. However, little effort has been dedicated to developing computational methods that can accurately predict this kinetic parameter or related parameters, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1301814110
更新日期:2013-03-12 00:00:00
abstract::Efficient and controllable expression of a transgene usually requires the presence of intron sequences and much efforts have been made to produce retrovirus vectors that can transduce and integrate genes with introns. However, this has proven difficult because the viral RNA is spliced when it is synthesized in the nuc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.7.3650
更新日期:1998-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::Significant liquid-structure theory has been used to calculate the transport properties of the alkali metals. Unlike previous calculations, the volume and temperature dependence of the solid-like structure has been taken into consideration. Equations for the potential energy as a function of volume of the alkali metal...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.69.6.1342
更新日期:1972-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A constitutively active form of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1) was synthesized under control of a zinc-inducible promoter in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Zinc treatment of serum-starved cells activated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs) and induced expression of cyclin D1. Newly synthesized ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.3.1091
更新日期:1998-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::After fertilization of the sea urchin, Strongyl-ocentrotus purpuratus, a crosslinked fertilization membrane is formed; the crosslinks (dityrosine residues) are synthesized in a reaction catalyzed by an ovoperoxidase that is released from the cortical granules during fertilization. The substrate for ovoperoxidase activ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.7.3183
更新日期:1978-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the causes and consequences of wildfires in forests of the western United States requires integrated information about fire, climate changes, and human activity on multiple temporal scales. We use sedimentary charcoal accumulation rates to construct long-term variations in fire during the past 3,000 y in...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1112839109
更新日期:2012-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are an established treatment in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and are currently in clinical development in melanoma, a tumor that exhibits high rates of CDK4 activation. We analyzed melanoma cells with acquired resistance to the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1901323116
更新日期:2019-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA was encapsulated in large, unilamellar phospholipid vesicles (liposomes), and the encapsulated TMV RNA was shown to be infectious when incubated with tobacco protoplasts under appropriate conditions. Maximal virus production in protoplasts was observed after their incubation with TMV RNA...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.6.1859
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The reconstruction of phylogenetic trees from DNA and protein sequences is confounded by unequal rate effects. These effects can group rapidly evolving taxa with other rapidly evolving taxa, whether or not they are genealogically related. All algorithms are sensitive to these effects whenever the assumptions on which ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.4.1455
更新日期:1994-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Synucleinopathies are a group of progressive disorders characterized by the abnormal aggregation and accumulation of α-synuclein (aSyn), an abundant neuronal protein that can adopt different conformations and biological properties. Recently, aSyn pathology was shown to spread between neurons in a prion-like manner. Pr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1606791113
更新日期:2016-10-18 00:00:00
abstract::Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) constitute a family of RNA-editing enzymes that convert adenosine to inosine within double-stranded regions of RNA. We previously developed a method to identify inosine-containing RNAs and used it to identify five ADAR substrates in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we use the s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.112704299
更新日期:2002-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I multimer technology has become an indispensable immunological assay system to dissect antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T cell responses by flow cytometry. However, the development of high-throughput assay systems, in which T cell responses against a multitude of epitopes...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0709717105
更新日期:2008-03-11 00:00:00
abstract::Public responses where identical T cell receptors (TCRs) are clonally dominant and shared between different individuals are a common characteristic of CD8(+) T cell-mediated immunity. Focusing on TCR sharing, we analyzed approximately 3,400 TCR beta chains (TCRbetas) from mouse CD8(+) T cells responding to the influen...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0608907103
更新日期:2006-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::Activated macrophages are described as classically activated or M1 type and alternatively activated or M2 type, depending on their response to proinflammatory stimuli and the expression of genetic markers including iNOS, arginase1, Ym1, and Fizz1. Here we report that Akt kinases differentially contribute to macrophage...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1119038109
更新日期:2012-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::The substitution pattern of anthocyanin pigments is a main determinant of flower color. Flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) is a cytochrome P450 enzyme (Cyt P450) that catalyzes the 3', 5'-hydroxylation of dihydroflavonols, the precursors of purple anthocyanins. Species such as rose and carnation lack F3'5'H activity...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.2.778
更新日期:1999-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::Increased cardiovascular mortality occurs in diabetic patients with or without coronary artery disease and is attributed to the presence of diabetic cardiomyopathy. One potential mechanism is hyperglycemia that has been reported to activate protein kinase C (PKC), preferentially the beta isoform, which has been associ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.17.9320
更新日期:1997-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::When expressed in Escherichia coli, the human beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors retain their ligand binding specificity. Their functional integrity was investigated by analyzing receptor-guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory (G) protein coupling by using two splice variants of the alpha subunit of the stimulator...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.19.8548
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00