Abstract:
:We propose a phenomenological theory that accounts for entropic effects due to loop formation to predict pathways in the kinetics of protein folding. The theory, the basis of which lies in multiple folding pathways and a three-stage kinetics, qualitatively reproduces most of the kinetic measurements in the refolding of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. The resulting pathways show that nonnative kinetic transients are involved in the productive routes leading to the formation of native intermediates. Our theory emphasizes the importance of the random origin of chain folding initiation structures in directing protein folding.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Camacho CJ,Thirumalai Ddoi
10.1073/pnas.92.5.1277subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-02-28 00:00:00pages
1277-81issue
5eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The inference of the evolutionary history of a set of languages is a complex problem. Although some languages are known to be related through descent from common ancestral languages, for other languages determining whether such a relationship holds is itself a difficult problem. In this paper we report on new methods,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.13.6585
更新日期:1997-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::The prion protein (PrP) is a scrapie-associated fibril protein that accumulates in the brains of hamsters and mice infected with the scrapie agent, and also in the brains of persons affected with kuru or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. It has been previously proposed that PrP could be either the primary transmissible agent...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.17.6372
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using T- and B-cell deficient C.B-17 mice with the scid mutation, we have previously documented the existence of a T-cell-independent but interferon gamma-dependent pathway of macrophage activation that confers upon the host partial resistance to the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. This pat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.3.1011
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human T lymphocytes were shown to proliferate in response to tetanus toxoid antigen only in the presence of macrophages. This response was inhibited by anti-DRw but not by anti-HLA (A and B loci) antisera added to the cultures and by pretreatment of macrophages but not of T cells with anti-DRw antisera and complement....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.8.4038
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A renin promoter-large tumor antigen (T antigen) fusion gene was constructed to provide a reporter function for renin expression in transgenic mice. These transgenic mice gave rise to tumors in subcutaneous soft tissue, which was attributed to transgene expression at this site. An immunohistochemical analysis of trans...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.20.7993
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::After pollen grains germinate on the stigma, pollen tubes traverse the extracellular matrix of the style on their way to the ovules. We previously characterized two pollen-specific, receptor-like kinases, LePRK1 and LePRK2, from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Their structure and immunolocalization pattern and the s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0631728100
更新日期:2003-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that is a serious global health problem. Evasion of IFN-mediated antiviral signaling is a common defense strategy that pathogenic viruses use to replicate and propagate in the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2016650117
更新日期:2020-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::Although much evidence suggests that the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is not homogenous, the precise architecture of this important structure has not been clear. Here we use transmission electron microscopy of plasma membrane sheets and specific probes to show that most or all plasma membrane-associated protein...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0609009103
更新日期:2006-12-12 00:00:00
abstract::Legumes were among the first plant species to be domesticated, and accompanied cereals in expansion of agriculture from the Fertile Crescent into diverse environments across the Mediterranean basin, Europe, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. Although several recent studies have outlined the molecular basis for...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.1207943110
更新日期:2012-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::Despite high structural homology between NO reductases (NORs) and heme-copper oxidases (HCOs), factors governing their reaction specificity remain to be understood. Using a myoglobin-based model of NOR (FeBMb) and tuning its heme redox potentials (E°') to cover the native NOR range, through manipulating hydrogen bondi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1720298115
更新日期:2018-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::We show that epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor can be transferred in a biologically active orientation from donor hepatic membranes to recipient receptorless fibroblast cells. The recipient cells (NR-6) normally lack EGF receptors and are biologically unresponsive to EGF. The transfer of receptors from donor plas...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.6.1893
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::RNA of a common strain of tobacco mosaic virus was sequentially reconstituted first with protein of the same strain and then with protein of a tomato strain. The reconstituted particles were treated with specific antibodies against the two strain particles and were examined electron microscopically to locate the regio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.5.1913
更新日期:1977-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kainate receptor (KAR), a subtype of glutamate receptor, mediates excitatory synaptic responses at a subset of glutamatergic synapses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the trafficking of its different subunits are poorly understood. Here we use the CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cell, which lacks KAR-mediat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1619253114
更新日期:2017-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::Telomerase activity was identified in extracts from several different mouse cell lines. Addition of telomeric TTAGGG repeats was specific to telomeric oligonucleotide primers and sensitive to pretreatment with RNase A. In contrast to the hundreds of repeats synthesized by the human and Tetrahymena telomerase enzymes i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.4.1493
更新日期:1993-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Land plants have distinct developmental programs in haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) generations. Although usually the two programs strictly alternate at fertilization and meiosis, one program can be induced during the other program. In a process called apogamy, cells of the gametophyte other than the eg...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0906997106
更新日期:2009-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::During cellular stresses, phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF2) elicits gene expression designed to ameliorate the underlying cellular disturbance. Central to this stress response is the transcriptional regulator activating transcription factor, ATF4. Here we describe the mechanism regulating ATF4 e...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0400541101
更新日期:2004-08-03 00:00:00
abstract::The way general anesthetics cause their clinically useful effects on the nervous system is not known. Since the principal determinant of the potency of these agents is their solubility in oil, the role of chemical structure in affecting anesthetic targets has been obscured. In this work, we use an intense beam of ligh...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.6.2135
更新日期:1994-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in hippocampal function seem critical for cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although there is eventual loss of synapses in both AD and animal models of AD, deficits in spatial memory and inhibition of long-term potentiation (LTP) precede morphological alterations in the models, suggesting earli...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.172504199
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0701224104
更新日期:2007-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::We analyzed a very large set of molecular interactions that had been derived automatically from biological texts. We found that published statements, regardless of their verity, tend to interfere with interpretation of the subsequent experiments and, therefore, can act as scientific "microparadigms," similar to domina...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0600591103
更新日期:2006-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::The fluorescence decay functions of individual, specifically labeled tRNAPhe molecules exhibit nonexponential character as a result of conformational dynamics occurring during the measurement on a single molecule. tRNAPhe conformational states that interchange much more slowly are evidenced by the distribution of life...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.15.7932
更新日期:1997-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::beta-catenin has functions as both an adhesion and a signaling molecule. Disruption of these functions through mutations of the beta-catenin gene (CTNNB1) may be important in the development of colorectal tumors. We examined the entire coding sequence of beta-catenin by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and direct se...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.19.10330
更新日期:1997-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses a high-affinity estrogen binding protein and an endogenous ligand that displaces [3H]estradiol from both the yeast binding protein and mammalian estrogen receptors. Semipurified preparations of this ligand have been shown to exhibit estrogenic activity in mammalian systems. We now de...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.15.4722
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteriophage (phage) have attractive advantages as delivery systems compared with mammalian viruses, but have been considered poor vectors because they lack evolved strategies to confront and overcome mammalian cell barriers to infective agents. We reasoned that improved efficacy of delivery might be achieved through...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1906653116
更新日期:2019-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::The marine nitrogen fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) are a major source of nitrogen to open ocean ecosystems and are predicted to be limited by iron in most marine environments. Here we use global and targeted proteomic analyses on a key unicellular marine diazotroph Crocosphaera watsonii to reveal large scale diel...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1006943108
更新日期:2011-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::A debate has recently surfaced concerning the degree of precommitment attained by alpha beta and gamma delta T-cell precursors prior to T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement. It has been suggested that precursors may be precommitted to rearrange either alpha or delta genes, but not both, thus giving rise to alpha b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.14.5583
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Theoretical distributions of genetic distance between reproductively isolated taxa are derived by means of computer simulation, taking into account mutation and random genetic drift. The distributions obtained are in good agreement with the observed distributions of interracial and interspecific genetic distances for ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.7.2758
更新日期:1975-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::T cell recognition typically involves both the engagement of a specific T cell receptor with a peptide/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and a number of accessory interactions. One of the most important interactions is between the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) on the T cell and intrace...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.11.6302
更新日期:1998-05-26 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnant mothers often report a special awareness of and bonding with their unborn child. Little is known about this relationship although it may offer potential for the assessment of the fetal condition. Recently we found evidence of short epochs of fetal-maternal heart rate synchronization under uncontrolled conditi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0901049106
更新日期:2009-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::We analyzed the relationship of genetic factors determining the expression of endogenous type-C RNA tumor viruses and other host-gene markers to tumorigenesis. A hybridization experiment was performed with mice of strains AKR/J and C57L, the first filial (F(1)) generation hybrids, the second filial (F(2)) generation h...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.70.5.1450
更新日期:1973-05-01 00:00:00