Antibody diversification caused by disrupted mismatch repair and promiscuous DNA polymerases.

abstract：:Nucleotide excision repair and reversal of pyrimidine dimers by photolyase (photoreactivation) are two major pathways to remove UV-lesions from DNA. Here, it is discussed how lesions are recognized and removed when the DNA is condensed into nucleosomes. During the recent years it was shown that nucleosomes inhibit pho...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Thoma F

更新日期：2005-07-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Methylation of the O(6)-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter is associated with G:C to A:T transitions in the p53 gene in various human cancers, including lung cancer. In tumors with p53 mutation, MGMT promoter methylation is more common in advanced tumors than in early tumors. However, in tumors with w...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Lai JC,Cheng YW,Goan YG,Chang JT,Wu TC,Chen CY,Lee H

更新日期：2008-08-02 00:00:00

abstract：:In eukaryotic cells, DNA associates with histones and exists in the form of a chromatin hierarchy. Thus, it is generally believed that many eukaryotic cellular DNA processing events such as replication, transcription, recombination and DNA repair are influenced by the packaging of DNA into chromatin. This mini-review ...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Liu X

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ionizing radiation induces clustered DNA damaged sites, defined as two or more lesions formed within one or two helical turns of the DNA through passage of a single radiation track. It is now established that clustered DNA damage sites are found in cells and present a challenge to the repair machinery of the cell but ...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Cunniffe SM,Lomax ME,O'Neill P

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta) null background renders mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells base excision repair deficient and hyper-mutagenic upon treatment with the monofunctional alkylating agent, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). This effect involves an increase in all types of base substitutions, with a modest...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Poltoratsky V,Horton JK,Prasad R,Wilson SH

更新日期：2005-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuronal protection induced by ischemic preconditioning has an important role in the reduction of stroke volume and attenuation of neuronal cell death. Ischemic injury is associated with increased oxidative DNA damage, and failure to efficiently repair these oxidatively damaged lesions results in the accumulation of m...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Li N,Wu H,Yang S,Chen D

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The developing brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative DNA damage, which may be the cause of most major congenital mental anomalies. The repair enzyme ogg1 initiates the highly conserved base-excision repair pathway. However, its function in the embryonic brain is largely unknown. This study is the first to vali...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Gu A,Ji G,Yan L,Zhou Y

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mononucleotide microsatellites are tandem repeats of a single base pair, abundant within coding exons and frequent sites of mutation in the human genome. Because the repeated unit is one base pair, multiple mechanisms of insertion/deletion (indel) mutagenesis are possible, including strand-slippage, dNTP-stabilized, a...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Baptiste BA,Jacob KD,Eckert KA

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Maintenance of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is essential for proper cellular function. The accumulation of damage and mutations in the mtDNA leads to diseases, cancer, and aging. Mammalian mitochondria have proficient base excision repair, but the existence of other DNA repair pathways is still unclear. Deficienci...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： de Souza-Pinto NC,Mason PA,Hashiguchi K,Weissman L,Tian J,Guay D,Lebel M,Stevnsner TV,Rasmussen LJ,Bohr VA

更新日期：2009-06-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed as natural byproducts during aerobic metabolism and readily induce premutagenic base lesions in the DNA. The 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) and MutY homolog 1 (MYH) synergistically prevent mutagenesis and cancer formation in mice. Their localization in the mitochondria as ...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Halsne R,Esbensen Y,Wang W,Scheffler K,Suganthan R,Bjørås M,Eide L

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple DNA polymerases participate in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes. Mutations at A/T are largely dependent on DNA polymerase eta (POLH) whereas mutations at C/G appear to be generated by several DNA polymerases. We have previously shown that mice expressing a catalytically inactive POLQ (Polq-i...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Masuda K,Ouchida R,Hikida M,Nakayama M,Ohara O,Kurosaki T,O-Wang J

更新日期：2006-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (AP endo, HAP1) recognizes abasic sites in ds DNA and makes a single nick in the backbone 5' to the abasic site. In this report we examine the roles of three conserved tyrosine residues in close proximity to the active site. We show that Tyr(128) and Tyr(269), which interact upstream...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Mundle ST,Fattal MH,Melo LF,Coriolan JD,O'Regan NE,Strauss PR

更新日期：2004-11-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The efficiency and fidelity of nucleotide incorporation and next-base extension by DNA polymerase (pol) κ past N(2)-ethyl-Gua were measured using steady-state and rapid kinetic analyses. DNA pol κ incorporated nucleotides and extended 3' termini opposite N(2)-ethyl-Gua with measured efficiencies and fidelities similar...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Pence MG,Blans P,Zink CN,Fishbein JC,Perrino FW

更新日期：2011-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA polymerases beta (pol beta ) and eta (pol eta ) are the only two eukaryotic polymerases known to efficiently bypass cisplatin and oxaliplatin adducts in vitro. Frameshift errors are an important aspect of mutagenesis. We have compared the types of frameshifts that occur during translesion synthesis past cisplatin ...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Bassett E,Vaisman A,Tropea KA,McCall CM,Masutani C,Hanaoka F,Chaney SG

更新日期：2002-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Base excision repair (BER) of damaged or inappropriate bases in DNA has been reported to take place by single nucleotide insertion or through incorporation of several nucleotides, termed short-patch and long-patch repair, respectively. We found that extracts from proliferating and non-proliferating cells both had capa...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Akbari M,Peña-Diaz J,Andersen S,Liabakk NB,Otterlei M,Krokan HE

更新日期：2009-07-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells where they generate energy through the respiratory chain. They contain their own genome that encodes genes critical to the mitochondrial function, but most of their protein content is synthetized from nuclear encoded genes. Damages to the mtDNA can c...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Bernal M,Yang X,Lisby M,Mazón G

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Short-wave ultra-violet light promotes the formation of DNA dimers between adjacent thymine bases, and if unrepaired these dimers may induce skin cancer. Living cells have a very robust repair system capable of repairing hundreds of lesions every day. Although many of the details of the dimer repair mechanism are know...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Blagoev KB,Alexandrov BS,Goodwin EH,Bishop AR

更新日期：2006-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The accuracy of DNA synthesis depends on the accuracy of the polymerase as well as the quality and concentration(s) of the available 5'-deoxynucleoside-triphosphate DNA precursors (dNTPs). The relationships between dNTPs and error rates have been studied in vitro, but only limited insights exist into these correlation...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Schaaper RM,Mathews CK

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is an evolutionally conserved genome maintenance pathway and is well known for its role in maintaining replication fidelity by correcting biosynthetic errors generated during DNA replication. However, recent studies have shown that MMR preferentially protects actively transcribed genes from m...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Huang Y,Li GM

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The majority of the cells in the body, including stem cells, exist in a quiescent state, so it is in quiescent cells where most DNA damage occurs. It has been uncertain whether or not this damage is repaired or fixed into mutations during quiescence or if proliferation is required for both. Prior to the development of...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Bielas JH,Heddle JA

更新日期：2004-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Nucleotide excision repair (NER) acts on a variety of DNA lesions, including damage induced by many chemotherapeutic drugs. Cancer therapy with such drugs might be improved by reducing the NER capacity of tumors. It is not known, however to what extent any individual NER protein is rate-limiting for any step of the re...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Köberle B,Roginskaya V,Wood RD

更新日期：2006-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Pyridine nucleotides are essential coenzymes in many cellular redox reactions in all living systems. In addition to functioning as a redox carrier, NAD(+) is also a required co-substrate for the conserved sirtuin deacetylases. Sirtuins regulate transcription, genome maintenance and metabolism and function as molecular...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Kato M,Lin SJ

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prediabetes is the preclinical stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with intermediate state of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia results in a state of oxidative stress, which may contribute to the production of insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction and long-term complications of diabetes. Novel approaches are required...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Kant M,Akış M,Çalan M,Arkan T,Bayraktar F,Dizdaroglu M,İşlekel H

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nucleotide excision repair (NER) stands out among other DNA repair systems for its ability to process a diverse set of unrelated DNA lesions. In bacteria, NER damage detection is orchestrated by the UvrA and UvrB proteins, which form the UvrA2-UvrB2 (UvrAB) damage sensing complex. The highly versatile damage recogniti...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Kraithong T,Sucharitakul J,Buranachai C,Jeruzalmi D,Chaiyen P,Pakotiprapha D

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:If unrepaired, damage to genomic DNA can cause mutations and/or be cytotoxic. Single base lesions are repaired via the base excision repair (BER) pathway. The first step in BER is the recognition and removal of the nucleobase lesion by a glycosylase enzyme. For example, human oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) is respon...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Bilotti K,Kennedy EE,Li C,Delaney S

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Tousled-like kinases are involved in chromatin assembly, DNA repair, transcription, and chromosome segregation. In this work, we show that overexpression of TLK1B hastens repair of double strand breaks (DSBs) in mouse cells. We have identified Rad9 as a protein interacting tightly with TLK1B. TLK1B phosphorylates ...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Sunavala-Dossabhoy G,De Benedetti A

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Fanconi Anemia (FA) pathway encodes a DNA damage response activated by DNA damage-stalled replication forks. Current evidence suggests that the FA pathway initiates with DNA damage recognition by the FANCM complex (FANCM/FAAP24/MHF). However, genetic inactivation of FANCM in mouse and DT40 cells causes only a part...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Huang M,Kennedy R,Ali AM,Moreau LA,Meetei AR,D'Andrea AD,Chen CC

更新日期：2011-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Interaction between MutS and the replication factor β clamp has been extensively studied in a Mismatch Repair context; however, its functional consequences are not well understood. We have analyzed the role of the MutS-β clamp interaction in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by characterizing a β clamp binding motif mutant, deno...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Monti MR,Miguel V,Borgogno MV,Argaraña CE

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway plays an important role in DNA damage signaling and repair by facilitating the recruitment and activation of DNA repair factors and signaling proteins at sites of damaged chromatin. Proteasome activity is generally not thought to be required for activation of apical signaling kinases i...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Sakasai R,Teraoka H,Tibbetts RS

更新日期：2010-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA damage created by endogenous or exogenous genotoxic agents can exist in multiple forms, and if allowed to persist, can promote genome instability and directly lead to various human diseases, particularly cancer, neurological abnormalities, immunodeficiency and premature aging. To avoid such deleterious outcomes, c...

journal_title：DNA repair

authors： Iyama T,Wilson DM 3rd

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00