The spatiotemporal regulation of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway and its importance in cellular bioenergetics.

abstract：:The UPR (unfolded protein response) or ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress response was first described 20 years ago. The field of ER stress has expanded tremendously since, moving from basic biology in yeast to human neurodegenerative, inflammatory, cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases. The ER stress response has als...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cnop M,Igoillo-Esteve M,Cunha DA,Ladrière L,Eizirik DL

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:XRCC4 (X-ray cross-complementation group 4) and XLF (XRCC4-like factor) are two essential interacting proteins in the human NHEJ (non-homologous end-joining) pathway that repairs DNA DSBs (double-strand breaks). The individual crystal structures show that the dimeric proteins are homologues with protomers containing h...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Wu Q,Ochi T,Matak-Vinkovic D,Robinson CV,Chirgadze DY,Blundell TL

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein aggregation is being found to be associated with an increasing number of human diseases. Aggregation can lead to a loss of function (lack of active protein) or to a toxic gain of function (cytotoxicity associated with protein aggregates). Although potentially harmful, protein sequences predisposed to aggregati...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sanchez de Groot N,Torrent M,Villar-Piqué A,Lang B,Ventura S,Gsponer J,Babu MM

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:cAMP is an essential signalling molecule whose concentration in cells is regulated by a wide range of hormones. A large number of diseases, including cancer and asthma, are linked to improper regulation of the cAMP signalling system, and manipulation of cAMP levels by pharmaceutical agents has proven therapeutic benef...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Yarwood SJ

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) is a member of the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) family that regulates a range of biological processes implicated in tumorigenesis and neurodegenerative disorders. For example, genetic studies have demonstrated that the removal of specific Jnk genes can reduce neuronal death ass...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Davies C,Tournier C

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IL (interleukin)-4 and IL-13 are key cytokines in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammatory disease. IL-4 and IL-13 share many functional properties as a result of their utilization of a common receptor complex comprising IL-13Ralpha1 (IL-13 receptor alpha-chain 1) and IL-4Ralpha. The second IL-13R (IL-13 receptor) ha...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Andrews AL,Nordgren IK,Kirby I,Holloway JW,Holgate ST,Davies DE,Tavassoli A

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, there have been significant advancements in dynamic-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) for biological applications. With frequency modulation AFM (FM-AFM), subnanometer-scale surface structures of biomolecules such as secondary structures of proteins, phosphate groups of DNAs, and lipid-ion complexes have be...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Fukuma T

更新日期：2020-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Prelamin A is the precursor protein of lamin A, a major constituent of the nuclear lamina in higher eukaryotes. Increasing attention to prelamin A processing and function has been given after the discovery, from 2002 to 2004, of diseases caused by prelamin A accumulation. These diseases, belonging to the group of lami...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lattanzi G

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:JAK (Janus kinase) 2 plays a critical role in signal transduction through several cytokine receptors. JAKs contain a typical tyrosine kinase domain preceded by a pseudokinase [JH2 (JAK homology 2)] domain which has been considered to be catalytically inactive. Identification of activating mutations in the JH2 domain o...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Silvennoinen O,Ungureanu D,Niranjan Y,Hammaren H,Bandaranayake R,Hubbard SR

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High glucose inhibits mitochondrial respiration, known as the 'Crabtree effect', in cancer cells and possibly other cell types. The upstream pathways regulating this phenomenon are poorly understood. In diabetes, where glucose levels are elevated, the p90(RSK) (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase) has received much attention as a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Redman EK,Brookes PS,Karcz MK

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family signalling pathway. Similar to TGF-β, the complex roles of BMPs in development and disease are demonstrated by their dichotomous roles in various cancers and cancer stages. Although early studies implicated BMP signalling in t...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Jiramongkolchai P,Owens P,Hong CC

更新日期：2016-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Homologous recombination is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis in most sexual organisms. Meiotic recombination is initiated by the formation of DSBs (DNA double-strand breaks) made by the Spo11 protein. We review here recent findings pertaining to protein-protein interactions important for DS...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Keeney S,Neale MJ

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AD (Alzheimer's disease) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a gradual loss of neurons and the accumulation of neurotoxic Aβ (amyloid β-peptide) and hyperphosphorylated tau. The discovery of mutations in three genes, PSEN1 (presenilin 1), PSEN2 (presenilin 2) and APP (amyloid precursor protein), in patient...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Coen K,Annaert W

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The intestinal epithelium represents one of our most important interfaces with the external environment. It must remain tightly balanced to allow nutrient absorption, but maintain barrier function and immune homoeostasis, a failure of which results in chronic infection or debilitating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)....

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Worthington JJ

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In vascular endothelium, adherens junctions between endothelial cells are composed of VE-cadherin (vascular endothelial cadherin), an adhesive receptor that is crucial for the proper assembly of vascular structures and the maintenance of vascular integrity. As a classical cadherin, VE-cadherin links endothelial cells ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Taveau JC,Dubois M,Le Bihan O,Trépout S,Almagro S,Hewat E,Durmort C,Heyraud S,Gulino-Debrac D,Lambert O

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Invertebrates use a wide range of peptides as transmitters and hormones to regulate complex behaviour, physiology and development. These animals, especially those that are amenable to genetic study and are the subject of genome-sequencing projects, provide powerful model systems for understanding the functions of pept...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Isaac RE,Siviter RJ,Stancombe P,Coates D,Shirras AD

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent findings that some 24 inherited diseases and anomalies are caused by defects in proteins of the NE (nuclear envelope) and lamina have resulted in a fundamental reassessment of the functions of the NE and underlying lamina. Instead of just regarding the NE and lamina as a molecular filtering device, regulating t...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cohen TV,Hernandez L,Stewart CL

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The majority of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells are translated via a method that is dependent upon the recognition of, and binding to, the methylguanosine cap at the 5' end of the mRNA, by a set of protein factors termed eIFs (eukaryotic initiation factors). However, many of the eIFs involved in this process are modified an...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： King HA,Cobbold LC,Willis AE

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2 was discovered over 15 years ago as part of a search for proteins that selectively bind methylated DNA. It is a nuclear protein that is largely chromatin-bound and has a strong preference for binding to methylated DNA sequences in vivo. Evidence from model systems shows that MeCP2 ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bird A

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphorus is one of the most important macronutrients and is indispensable for all organisms as a critical structural component as well as participating in intracellular signalling and energy metabolism. Sensing and signalling of phosphate (Pi) has been extensively studied and is well understood in single-cellular or...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Qi W,Baldwin SA,Muench SP,Baker A

更新日期：2016-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutamate transporters are essential for terminating synaptic excitation and for maintaining extracellular glutamate concentrations below neurotoxic levels. These transporters also mediate a thermodynamically uncoupled chloride flux that is activated by two of the molecules that they transport - sodium and glutamate. ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Kanner BI,Kavanaugh MP,Bendahan A

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Smoking is the main risk factor for COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) but genetic factors are of importance, since only a subset of smokers develops the disease. Sex differences have been suggested both in disease prevalence and response to environmental exposures. Furthermore, it has been shown that acquis...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Svartengren M,Engström G,Anderson M,Hallberg J,Edula G,de Verdier MG,Dahlbäck M,Lindberg CM,Forsman-Semb K,Nihlén U,Fehniger TE

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactions involving removal and addition of glucose to N-glycans in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) are performed in higher eukaryotes by glucosidases I and II and the UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase respectively. Monoglucosylated N-glycan structures have been implicated in glycoprotein folding or ER quali...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Jones D,Mehlert A,Ferguson MA

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The GABAR [GABA(A) (gamma-aminobutyric acid type A) receptor], which mediates most inhibition in the brain, is regulated homoeostatically to maintain an optimal level of neuronal excitability. In particular, the alpha(4)betadelta subtype of the GABAR plays a pivotal role in this regulation. This receptor, which is exp...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Shen H,Smith SS

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondrial disorders are a group of genetic diseases affecting the energy-converting process of oxidative phosphorylation. The extreme variability of symptoms, organ involvement, and clinical course represent a challenge to the development of effective therapeutic interventions. However, new possibilities have rece...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Viscomi C

更新日期：2016-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Modulation of traits beneficial for cultivation and yield is one of the main goals of crop improvement. One of the targets for enhancing productivity is changing the architecture of inflorescences since in many species it determines fruit and seed yield. Inflorescence shape and organization is genetically established ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Caselli F,Zanarello F,Kater MM,Battaglia R,Gregis V

更新日期：2020-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of small lipid-enclosed structures with myriad roles in physiology and disease. The recent surge of interest in EVs has led to greater understanding of their biology and appreciation of how they might be utilised as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. There remain, ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Clemmens H,Lambert DW

更新日期：2018-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Phagocytosis and phagosome maturation are crucial processes in biology. Phagocytosis and the subsequent digestion of phagocytosed particles occur across a huge diversity of eukaryotes and can be achieved by many different cells within one organism. In parallel, diverse groups of pathogens have evolved mechanisms to av...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Smith LM,May RC

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Cat family of genes have revealed unexpected complexity and regulation. The first 5 years of research have been productive, yet many important questions remain to be addressed. A major problem for the field of amino acid transport is a severe paucity of data on the structure of these proteins and their arrangement...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： MacLeod CL

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:GRIF-1 [GABA(A) (gamma-aminobutyric acid(A)) receptor interacting factor-1] is a member of a coiled-coil family of proteins thought to function as adaptors in the anterograde trafficking of organelles utilizing the kinesin-1 motor proteins to synapses. To study in more detail the molecular interaction between GRIF-1 a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Pozo K,Stephenson FA

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00