The role of IRES trans-acting factors in regulating translation initiation.

abstract：:Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are important signalling enzymes in most cell types. Recent gene targeting studies have shed light on the importance of this family of lipid kinases in the immune system, and the complex mechanisms by which these kinases are regulated in vivo. We have recently reported a phenotype of...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Okkenhaug K,Vanhaesebroeck B

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA pseudoknots are structural elements found in almost all classes of RNA. Pseudoknots form when a single-stranded region in the loop of a hairpin base-pairs with a stretch of complementary nucleotides elsewhere in the RNA chain. This simple folding strategy is capable of generating a large number of stable three-dim...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Brierley I,Gilbert RJ,Pennell S

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PABPs [poly(A)-binding proteins] bind to the poly(A) tail of eukaryotic mRNAs and are conserved in species ranging from yeast to human. The prototypical cytoplasmic member, PABP1, is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein with roles in global and mRNA-specific translation and stability, consistent with a function as a ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Smith RW,Blee TK,Gray NK

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In fluctuating environmental conditions, organisms must modulate their bioenergetic production in order to maintain cellular homeostasis for optimal fitness. Mitochondria are hubs for metabolite and energy generation. Mitochondria are also highly dynamic in their function: modulating their composition, size, density, ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Tsuboi T,Leff J,Zid BM

更新日期：2020-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian peroxisomes degrade fatty carboxylates via two pathways, beta-oxidation and, as shown more recently, alpha-oxidation. The latter process consists of an activation step, followed by a hydroxylation at position 2 and cleavage of the 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA, generating formyl-CoA (precursor of formate/CO(2)) and, in ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Van Veldhoven PP,Casteels M,Mannaerts GP,Baes M

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Beta galactosidases (BGALs) are glycosyl hydrolases that remove terminal β-D-galactosyl residues from β-D-galactosides. There are 17 predicted BGAL genes in the genomes of both Arabidopsis (BGAL1-17) and tomato (TBG1-17). All tested BGALs have BGAL activity but their distinct expression profiles and ancient phylogenet...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Chandrasekar B,van der Hoorn RA

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PINK1 [phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1] is a serine/threonine kinase targeted to mitochondria and implicated in early-onset recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). Through the phosphorylation of its downstream targets, PINK1 regulates multiple mitochondrial processes, including ATP produc...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Aerts L,De Strooper B,Morais VA

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cystic fibrosis, one of the major human inherited diseases, is caused by defects in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), a cell-membrane protein. CFTR acts as a chloride channel which can be opened by ATP. Low-resolution structural studies of purified recombinant human CFTR are described in ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Awayn NH,Rosenberg MF,Kamis AB,Aleksandrov LA,Riordan JR,Ford RC

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:GRIF-1 [GABA(A) (gamma-aminobutyric acid(A)) receptor interacting factor-1] is a member of a coiled-coil family of proteins thought to function as adaptors in the anterograde trafficking of organelles utilizing the kinesin-1 motor proteins to synapses. To study in more detail the molecular interaction between GRIF-1 a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Pozo K,Stephenson FA

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Effective stroke therapies require recanalization of occluded cerebral blood vessels; however, early reperfusion can cause BBB (blood-brain barrier) injury, leading to cerebral oedema and/or devastating brain haemorrhage. These complications of early reperfusion, which result from excess production of ROS (reactive ox...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Maier CM,Hsieh L,Crandall T,Narasimhan P,Chan PH

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although it is now well established that PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) is a key enzyme in several intracellular processes, there are still relatively few reports that precisely identify the specific isoforms of PI3K actually involved in such events. The lack of specific inhibitors has made it particularly difficult...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Falasca M,Maffucci T

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The physiological roles of insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are distinct, with insulin acting to regulate cellular uptake and metabolism of fuels, whereas IGFs promote cell growth, survival and differentiation. The only components of signalling pathways known to be unique to insulin and IGFs are their re...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Siddle K,Ursø B,Niesler CA,Cope DL,Molina L,Surinya KH,Soos MA

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In plant and metazoan, Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins play key roles in regulating developmental processes by repression of gene expression. PcG proteins function as multi-protein complexes; among them the best characterized ones are Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2. PRC2 catalyzes histone H3 lysine 27 tri...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Wang Q,Shen WH

更新日期：2018-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The structural maintenance of chromosomes hinge domain containing protein 1 (SMCHD1) is a large multidomain protein involved in epigenetic gene silencing. Variations in the SMCHD1 gene are associated with two debilitating human disorders, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) and Bosma arhinia microphthalmia s...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Gurzau AD,Blewitt ME,Czabotar PE,Murphy JM,Birkinshaw RW

更新日期：2020-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:HD (Huntington's disease) is a late onset heritable neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by neuronal dysfunction and death, particularly in the cerebral cortex and medium spiny neurons of the striatum. This is followed by progressive chorea, dementia and emotional dysfunction, eventually resulting in death...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bithell A,Johnson R,Buckley NJ

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The advantages of Hansenula polymorpha as a new yeast expression system are discussed in terms of the powerful and regulatable methanol oxidase promoter and the organism's ability to grow on cheap carbon sources. The development of techniques for conventional genetic analysis is described. A total of 218 mutants have ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sudbery PE,Gleeson MA,Veale RA,Ledeboer AM,Zoetmulder MC

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid) receptor trafficking is a fundamental mechanism for regulating synaptic strength, and hence may underlie cellular processes involved in learning and memory. PICK1 (protein that interacts with protein C-kinase) has recently emerged as a key regulator of AM...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Hanley JG

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The identification of nitric oxide-bound leghaemoglobin within soya bean nodules has led to the question of how Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids overcome the toxicity of this nitric oxide. It has previously been shown that one candidate for nitric oxide detoxification, the respiratory nitric oxide reductase, is exp...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Meakin GE,Jepson BJ,Richardson DJ,Bedmar EJ,Delgado MJ

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The design and synthesis of SpmTrien (1,12-diamino-3,6,9-triazadodecane), an isosteric and charge-deficient analogue of spermine with excellent chelating properties towards Cu(2+) ions, as well as novel N(1)- and N(12)-Ac-SpmTriens and bis-Et-SpmTrien (N(1),N(12)-diethyl-1,12-diamino-3,6,9-triazadodecane) are describe...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Khomutov AR,Grigorenko NA,Skuridin SG

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondria are central to the health of eukaryotic cells. While commonly known for their bioenergetic role, mitochondria also function as signaling organelles that regulate cell stress responses capable of restoring homeostasis or leading the stressed cell to eventual death. Damage to the plasma membrane is a potent...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Horn A,Jaiswal JK

更新日期：2020-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Complex brains have developed specialized mechanisms for the grouping of principal cells into temporal coalitions of local or distant networks: the inhibitory interneuron 'clocking' networks. They consist of GABAergic (where GABA is gamma-aminobutyric acid) interneurons of a rich diversity. In cortical circuits, these...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Möhler H

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A novel strategy to treat anxiety and fear-related disorders such as phobias, panic and PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) is combining CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy), including extinction-based exposure therapy, with cognitive enhancers. By targeting and boosting mechanisms underlying learning, drug developme...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Whittle N,Singewald N

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The inability of the human heart to effectively repair itself after acute ischaemic injury has driven the search for efficacious means of promoting cardiac regenerative growth. Central to this has been the emergence of cell-based strategies to stimulate and augment both myocardial regeneration and neovascularization. ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Riley PR,Smart N

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sugars that are readily respired by plant cells inhibit greening when dO2 and mu are relatively high. As sugar concentration in the batch culture medium is depleted and mu declines, greening is permitted. The mechanism of this effect has not been satisfactorily explained. ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Dalton C

更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA topology changes dynamically during DNA replication. Supercoiling, precatenation, catenation and knotting interplay throughout the process that is finely regulated by DNA topoisomerases. In the present article, we provide an overview of theoretical and experimental approaches to understand the interplay between va...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Schvartzman JB,Martínez-Robles ML,Hernández P,Krimer DB

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recruitment of the furanosidic scaffold of ribose as the crucial step for nucleotides and then for nucleic acids synthesis is presented. Based on the view that the selection of molecules to be used for relevant metabolic purposes must favor structurally well-defined molecules, the inadequacy of ribose as a prefere...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Del-Corso A,Cappiello M,Moschini R,Balestri F,Mura U,Ipata PL

更新日期：2019-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The metabolism in vitro of [1-(14)C]linoleate, [1-(14)C]linolenate and their 9(S)-hydroperoxides in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana) was found to be under the control of 9-lipoxygenase and allene oxide synthase, and directed towards alpha-ketol, gamma-ketol and the novel compound (12Z)-10-oxo-11-hydroxy-12-octadecadienoic ac...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Grechkin AN,Mukhtarova LS,Hamberg M

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polarized transport of the plant hormone auxin influences multiple growth processes in plants and is regulated by plasma-membrane-localized efflux and uptake carriers. The PGP (P-glycoprotein) ABC transporters (ATP-binding-cassette transporters), PIN (pin-formed) subfamily of major facilitator proteins and members of ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bandyopadhyay A,Blakeslee JJ,Lee OR,Mravec J,Sauer M,Titapiwatanakun B,Makam SN,Bouchard R,Geisler M,Martinoia E,Friml J,Peer WA,Murphy AS

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ribonucleic acids are driving a multitude of biological processes where they act alone or in complex with proteins (ribonucleoproteins, RNP). To understand these processes both structural and mechanistic information about RNA is necessary. Due to their conformational plasticity RNA pose a challenge for mainstream stru...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sreemantula AK,Marchanka A

更新日期：2020-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Breast cancer heterogeneity demands that prognostic models must be biologically driven and recent clinical evidence indicates that future prognostic signatures need evaluation in the context of early compared with late metastatic risk prediction. In pre-clinical studies, we and others have shown that various protein-p...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Weitsman G,Lawler K,Kelleher MT,Barrett JE,Barber PR,Shamil E,Festy F,Patel G,Fruhwirth GO,Huang L,Tullis ID,Woodman N,Ofo E,Ameer-Beg SM,Irshad S,Condeelis J,Gillett CE,Ellis PA,Vojnovic B,Coolen AC,Ng T

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00