The role of IRES trans-acting factors in regulating translation initiation.

Abstract:

:The majority of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells are translated via a method that is dependent upon the recognition of, and binding to, the methylguanosine cap at the 5' end of the mRNA, by a set of protein factors termed eIFs (eukaryotic initiation factors). However, many of the eIFs involved in this process are modified and become less active under a number of pathophysiological stress conditions, including amino acid starvation, heat shock, hypoxia and apoptosis. During these conditions, the continued synthesis of proteins essential to recovery from stress or maintenance of a cellular programme is mediated via an alternative form of translation initiation termed IRES (internal ribosome entry site)-mediated translation. This relies on the mRNA containing a complex cis-acting structural element in its 5'-UTR (untranslated region) that is able to recruit the ribosome independently of the cap, and is often dependent upon additional factors termed ITAFs (IRES trans-acting factors). A limited number of ITAFs have been identified to date, particularly for cellular IRESs, and it is not yet fully understood how they exert their control and which cellular pathways are involved in their regulation.

journal_name

Biochem Soc Trans

authors

King HA,Cobbold LC,Willis AE

doi

10.1042/BST0381581

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2010-12-01 00:00:00

pages

1581-6

issue

6

eissn

0300-5127

issn

1470-8752

pii

BST0381581

journal_volume

38

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Searching for the ideal forms of proteins.

    abstract::A modification of the Structure Alignment Program (SAP), combined with a novel automatic method for the definition of structural elements, correctly identified the core folds of a variety of small beta/alpha proteins when compared with a series of ideal architectures. This approach opens the possibility of not just de...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1042/bst0280264

    authors: Taylor WR

    更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00

  • The Golgi ribbon: mechanisms of maintenance and disassembly during the cell cycle.

    abstract::The Golgi complex (GC) has an essential role in the processing and sorting of proteins and lipids. The GC of mammalian cells is composed of stacks of cisternae connected by membranous tubules to create a continuous network, the Golgi ribbon, whose maintenance requires several core and accessory proteins. Despite this ...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20190646

    authors: Ayala I,Mascanzoni F,Colanzi A

    更新日期:2020-02-28 00:00:00

  • The role of Rab GTPases in the transport of vacuoles containing Legionella pneumophila and Coxiella burnetii.

    abstract::Intracellular pathogens survive in eukaryotic cells by evading a variety of host defences. To avoid degradation through the endocytic pathway, intracellular bacteria must adapt their phagosomes into protective compartments that promote bacterial replication. Legionella pneumophila and Coxiella burnetii are Gram-negati...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20120167

    authors: Hardiman CA,McDonough JA,Newton HJ,Roy CR

    更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00

  • Mechanism of substrate recognition by Hsp70 chaperones.

    abstract::The role of Hsp70 (heat-shock protein 70) chaperones in assisting protein-folding processes relies on their ability to associate with short peptide stretches of protein substrates in a transient and ATP-controlled manner. In the present study, we review the molecular details of the mechanism behind substrate recogniti...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0320617

    authors: Erbse A,Mayer MP,Bukau B

    更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00

  • Polyphosphate and acidocalcisomes.

    abstract::Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) accumulates in acidocalcisomes, acidic calcium stores that have been found from bacteria to human cells. Proton pumps, such as the vacuolar proton pyrophosphatase (V-H(+)-PPase or VP1), the vacuolar proton ATPase (V-H(+)-ATPase) or both, maintain their acidity. A vacuolar transporter ch...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20150193

    authors: Lander N,Cordeiro C,Huang G,Docampo R

    更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00

  • The RNA- and DNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas immune systems of Pyrococcus furiosus.

    abstract::Using the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus, we have delineated several key steps in CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated) invader defence pathways. P. furiosus has seven transcriptionally active CRISPR loci that together encode a total of 200 crRNAs (CRISPR RNAs...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20130056

    authors: Terns RM,Terns MP

    更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00

  • Electrochemical investigation of cellobiose oxidation by cellobiose dehydrogenase in the presence of cytochrome c as mediator.

    abstract::An important aspect of the cytochrome c electrochemistry is the possibility of coupling the 'heterogeneous reactions' with other redox enzymes. Cellobiose dehydrogenase, a 89170 Da glycoprotein that contains both FAD and a b-type haem as prosthetic groups, donates electrons to a number of acceptors, including cytochro...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1042/bst0280063

    authors: Fridman V,Wollenberger U,Bogdanovskaya V,Lisdat F,Ruzgas T,Lindgren A,Gorton L,Scheller FW

    更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00

  • Electrical consequences of cardiac myocyte: fibroblast coupling.

    abstract::Gap junctions are channels which allow electrical signals to propagate through the heart from the sinoatrial node and through the atria, conduction system and onwards to the ventricles, and hence are essential for co-ordinated cardiac contraction. Twelve connexin (Cx) proteins make up one gap junction channel, of whic...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20150035

    authors: McArthur L,Chilton L,Smith GL,Nicklin SA

    更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00

  • Islet amyloid polypeptide: actions and role in the pathogenesis of diabetes.

    abstract::IAPP has been postulated to have a role as a modulating factor in glucose homoeostasis and to be involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes. However, the normal physiological functions of the peptide remain obscure: exogenous IAPP acts on many experimental systems to modulate nutrient supply and metabolism but there ...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/bst0240594

    authors: Clark A,Charge SB,Badman MK,MacArthur DA,de Koning EJ

    更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00

  • New aspects in cardiac L-type Ca2+ channel regulation.

    abstract::Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling is initiated with the influx of Ca2+ ions across the plasma membrane through voltage-gated L-type calcium channels. This process is tightly regulated by modulation of the channel open probability and channel localization. Protein kinase A (PKA) is found in close association with...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20190229

    authors: Pallien T,Klussmann E

    更新日期:2020-02-28 00:00:00

  • Chloroplast lipid synthesis and lipid trafficking through ER-plastid membrane contact sites.

    abstract::Plant chloroplasts contain an intricate photosynthetic membrane system, the thylakoids, and are surrounded by two envelope membranes at which thylakoid lipids are assembled. The glycoglycerolipids mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol as well as phosphatidylglycerol, are present in th...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20110752

    authors: Wang Z,Benning C

    更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00

  • Glyoxalase I--structure, function and a critical role in the enzymatic defence against glycation.

    abstract::Glyoxalase I is part of the glyoxalase system present in the cytosol of cells. The glyoxalase system catalyses the conversion of reactive, acyclic alpha-oxoaldehydes into the corresponding alpha-hydroxyacids. Glyoxalase I catalyses the isomerization of the hemithioacetal, formed spontaneously from alpha-oxoaldehyde an...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/bst0311343

    authors: Thornalley PJ

    更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00

  • Half a century of molecular bioenergetics.

    abstract::Molecular bioenergetics deals with the construction, function and regulation of the powerhouses of life. The present overview sketches scenes and actors, farsighted goals and daring hypotheses, meticulous tool-making, painstaking benchwork, lucky discovery, serious scepticism, emphatic believing and strong characters ...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20130199

    authors: Junge W

    更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00

  • Cytoplasmic tail of IL-13Ralpha2 regulates IL-4 signal transduction.

    abstract::IL (interleukin)-4 and IL-13 are key cytokines in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammatory disease. IL-4 and IL-13 share many functional properties as a result of their utilization of a common receptor complex comprising IL-13Ralpha1 (IL-13 receptor alpha-chain 1) and IL-4Ralpha. The second IL-13R (IL-13 receptor) ha...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0370873

    authors: Andrews AL,Nordgren IK,Kirby I,Holloway JW,Holgate ST,Davies DE,Tavassoli A

    更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00

  • Regulation of cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) gene expression.

    abstract::The Cat family of genes have revealed unexpected complexity and regulation. The first 5 years of research have been productive, yet many important questions remain to be addressed. A major problem for the field of amino acid transport is a severe paucity of data on the structure of these proteins and their arrangement...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/bst0240846

    authors: MacLeod CL

    更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00

  • Visualising pattern recognition receptor signalling.

    abstract::Signalling by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is critical for protecting the host against pathogens. Disruption of these signalling pathways has been implicated in many diseases ranging from infection susceptibility to cancer and autoimmune disease. Understanding how PRRs signal is of critical importance due to t...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20160459

    authors: Macleod C,Bryant CE

    更新日期:2017-10-15 00:00:00

  • IRES-dependent regulation of FGF-2 mRNA translation in pathophysiological conditions in the mouse.

    abstract::The mRNA coding for FGF-2 (fibroblast growth factor 2), a major angiogenic factor, is translated by an IRES (internal ribosome entry site)-dependent mechanism. We have studied the role of the IRES in the regulation of FGF-2 expression in vivo, under pathophysiological conditions, by creating transgenic mice lines expr...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20060017

    authors: Gonzalez-Herrera IG,Prado-Lourenco L,Teshima-Kondo S,Kondo K,Cabon F,Arnal JF,Bayard F,Prats AC

    更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00

  • Human mucin glycoproteins: varied structures predict diverse properties and specific functions.

    abstract::It has been clear for some time now that mucin glycoproteins have extensive, highly glycosylated tandem repeat domains. What is becoming increasingly apparent, however, is the diversity of unique sequences present on different mucins. Variations in mucin-unique sequences clearly result in major differences in physical...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/bst0230795

    authors: Gum JR Jr

    更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00

  • Signalling networks, inflammation and innate immunity.

    abstract::We have been analysing the signalling systems that couple to receptors of the TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) family, which signal through a common cytoplasm region; the TIR domain. These systems are of both practical and fundamental biological significance, being central to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory ...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/bst0311462

    authors: Dower SK,Qwarnstrom EE

    更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00

  • Lysosomal membrane proteins: life between acid and neutral conditions.

    abstract::Whereas we have a profound understanding about the function and biogenesis of the protein constituents in the lumen of the lysosomal compartment, much less is known about the functions of proteins of the lysosomal membrane. Proteomic analyses of the lysosomal membrane suggest that, apart from the well-known lysosomal ...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1042/BST0381420

    authors: Saftig P,Schröder B,Blanz J

    更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00

  • Transcriptional regulation by the dedicated nitric oxide sensor, NorR: a route towards NO detoxification.

    abstract::A flavorubredoxin and its associated oxidoreductase (encoded by norV and norW respectively) detoxify NO (nitric oxide) to form N2O (nitrous oxide) under anaerobic conditions in Escherichia coli. Transcription of the norVW genes is activated in response to NO by the σ54-dependent regulator and dedicated NO sensor, NorR...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0390289

    authors: Bush M,Ghosh T,Tucker N,Zhang X,Dixon R

    更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00

  • Conserved roles for peptidases in the processing of invertebrate neuropeptides.

    abstract::Invertebrates use a wide range of peptides as transmitters and hormones to regulate complex behaviour, physiology and development. These animals, especially those that are amenable to genetic study and are the subject of genome-sequencing projects, provide powerful model systems for understanding the functions of pept...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Isaac RE,Siviter RJ,Stancombe P,Coates D,Shirras AD

    更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00

  • Virtual screening: a real screening complement to high-throughput screening.

    abstract::Virtual screening is being routinely used as an integral part of today's hit-identification strategies for, on one hand, prioritizing large corporate screening collections and, on the other hand, to extend the scope of screening to external databases. A brief description of the essential elements required for virtual ...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1042/bst0300797

    authors: Mestres J

    更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00

  • Chaperones and protein folding in the archaea.

    abstract::A survey of archaeal genomes for the presence of homologues of bacterial and eukaryotic chaperones reveals several interesting features. All archaea contain chaperonins, also known as Hsp60s (where Hsp is heat-shock protein). These are more similar to the type II chaperonins found in the eukaryotic cytosol than to the...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0370046

    authors: Large AT,Goldberg MD,Lund PA

    更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00

  • Ceruloplasmin in neurodegenerative diseases.

    abstract::Two decades ago, patients lacking circulating serum ceruloplasmin (Cp) presented with neurodegeneration associated with brain iron accumulation. These patients, with mutations in the MCO (multi-copper oxidase), Cp, revealed an essential role for Cp in iron homoeostasis. The patients were diagnosed in adulthood with CN...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0361277

    authors: Texel SJ,Xu X,Harris ZL

    更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00

  • Immunostimulatory activity of Toll-like receptor 8 agonists towards human leucocytes: basic mechanisms and translational opportunities.

    abstract::TLR8 (Toll-like receptor 8) is activated by ssRNAs (single-stranded RNAs) and synthetic imidazoquinoline compounds that resemble purines and have immunostimulatory activity. TLR8 agonists are particularly effective at inducing Th1-polarizing responses from human monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells, with the magnitud...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0351485

    authors: Philbin VJ,Levy O

    更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00

  • The role of TOG domains in microtubule plus end dynamics.

    abstract::The XMAP215 (Xenopus microtubule-associated protein 215) and CLASP [CLIP-170 (cytoskeletal linker protein 170) associated protein] microtubule plus end tracking families play central roles in the regulation of interphase microtubule dynamics and the proper formation of mitotic spindle architecture and flux. XMAP215 me...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0371002

    authors: Slep KC

    更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00

  • Roles of PPARdelta in the control of muscle development and metabolism.

    abstract::PPARdelta (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta)-specific agonists decrease plasma lipids and insulinaemia in obese animals. As skeletal muscle is one of the major organs for fatty acid catabolism, we have investigated the roles of the nuclear receptor in the control of muscle development and lipid metabol...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/bst0311130

    authors: Grimaldi PA

    更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00

  • The role of microvesicles in cancer progression and drug resistance.

    abstract::Microvesicles are shed constitutively, or upon activation, from both normal and malignant cells. The process is dependent on an increase in cytosolic Ca2+, which activates different enzymes, resulting in depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton and release of the vesicles. Drug resistance can be defined as the abili...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20120273

    authors: Jorfi S,Inal JM

    更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00

  • cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase-4D5 (PDE4D5) provides a paradigm for understanding the unique non-redundant roles that PDE4 isoforms play in shaping compartmentalized cAMP cell signalling.

    abstract::The PDE4 (phosphodiesterase-4) enzyme family consists of a distinct array of N-terminal splice variant isoforms arising from four subfamily genes (4A, 4B, 4C and 4D). These all hydrolyse specifically the intracellular second messenger cAMP. Although identical in catalytic function, each isoform appears to serve a non-...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0350938

    authors: Lynch MJ,Baillie GS,Houslay MD

    更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00