Abstract:
:Much debate has revolved around the question of whether the mode of evolutionary and ecological turnover in the fossil record of African mammals was continuous or pulsed, and the degree to which faunal turnover tracked changes in global climate. Here, we assembled and analyzed large specimen databases of the fossil record of eastern African Bovidae (antelopes) and Turkana Basin large mammals. Our results indicate that speciation and extinction proceeded continuously throughout the Pliocene and Pleistocene, as did increases in the relative abundance of arid-adapted bovids, and in bovid body mass. Species durations were similar among clades with different ecological attributes. Occupancy patterns were unimodal, with long and nearly symmetrical origination and extinction phases. A single origination pulse may be present at 2.0-1.75 Ma, but besides this, there is no evidence that evolutionary or ecological changes in the eastern African record tracked rapid, 100,000-y-scale changes in global climate. Rather, eastern African large mammal evolution tracked global or regional climatic trends at long (million year) time scales, while local, basin-scale changes (e.g., tectonic or hydrographic) and biotic interactions ruled at shorter timescales.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Bibi F,Kiessling Wdoi
10.1073/pnas.1504538112subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-08-25 00:00:00pages
10623-8issue
34eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1504538112journal_volume
112pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract::The archaeological record shows that typically human cultural traits emerged at different times, in different parts of the world, and among different hominin taxa. This pattern suggests that their emergence is the outcome of complex and nonlinear evolutionary trajectories, influenced by environmental, demographic, and...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1620752114
更新日期:2017-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::The Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domains are crucial signaling modules during innate immune responses involving the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and IL-1 receptor (IL-1R). Myeloid differential factor 88 (MyD88) is a central TIR domain-containing adapter molecule responsible for nearly all TLR-mediated signaling and is targe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1215770110
更新日期:2013-04-23 00:00:00
abstract::Efforts to understand the dramatic declines in mortality over the past century have focused on life expectancy. However, understanding changes in disparity in age of death is important to understanding mechanisms of mortality improvement and devising policy to promote health equity. We derive a novel decomposition of ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1601112113
更新日期:2016-07-26 00:00:00
abstract::Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a regulatory molecule for many cell functions, both for intracellular and, perhaps less well known, extracellular functions. An important example of the latter involves red blood cells (RBCs), which help regulate blood pressure by releasing ATP as a vasodilatory signaling molecule in re...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0805779105
更新日期:2008-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::Expression of the two X-linked loci glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD; EC 1.1.1.49) and hypoxanthine:guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT; EC 2.4.2.8) was studied in single hair follicles of two females who were heterozygous for both of these genes (double heterozygotes). The coupling phase for these two loc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.68.7.1425
更新日期:1971-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chimeric receptors containing different portions of the homologous human insulin receptor, insulin-like growth factor I receptor, and insulin receptor-related receptor were utilized to identify the epitopes recognized by various anti-insulin receptor antibodies. The antibodies studied included 12 monoclonal antibodies...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.21.9858
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have determined the localization and orientation of two genetic probes within the human major histocompatibility complex by chromosomal in situ hybridization. Our data indicate that a cloned genomic probe cross-hybridizing to HLA-A, -B, and -C heavy chain loci is homologous to sequences located on chromosome 6 at b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.9.2816
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::rev-regulated expression of HIV-1 envelope proteins from a simian virus 40 late replacement vector was found to be dependent on the presence of a 5' splice site in the env mRNA in spite of the fact that this mRNA remains unspliced. When the 5' splice site upstream of the env open reading frame was deleted or mutated, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.19.7598
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent reports on the dystrophic mouse mutant suggest that the prominent extracellular matrix component of peripheral nerve tissues plays an important role in peripheral nerve development. We have examined the disposition of two prominent extracellular matrix components, fibronectin and laminin, both in mature periphe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.12.3850
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the issues currently being debated in the ongoing discussion of the pros and cons of today's globalization concerns the effects of greater world trade as well as of the changes in technology on a country's internal distribution of income, especially on skilled versus unskilled wage rates. In this article, I att...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1733335100
更新日期:2003-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor-promoting phorbol esters affect the ability of mouse hematopoietic progenitor cells to form morphologically recognizable colonies in culture. They induce myeloid progenitor cells to form colonies of the monocyte/macrophage type in the absence of exogenous granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Convers...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.7.4402
更新日期:1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLC-gamma1) contains two tandem Src homology 2 (SH2) domains. The NH(2)-terminal SH2 domain has been known to mediate the binding of PLC-gamma1 to receptor protein tyrosine kinases, which then activate PLC-gamma1 via phosphorylation at Y783. We now show that the phosphorylated Y783 residue (pY7...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0409590102
更新日期:2005-03-22 00:00:00
abstract::We report the application of quantitative mass spectrometry to identify plasma membrane proteins differentially expressed in melanoma cells with high vs. low metastatic abilities. Using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in culture (SILAC) coupled with nanospray tandem mass spectrometry, we identified CUB-domain...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1017228108
更新日期:2011-01-25 00:00:00
abstract::The theory presented here is based on results from in vitro experiments and deals with three proteins in the postsynaptic density/membrane-namely, calmodulin, the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, and the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel. It is visualized that, in vivo in the polarized state of the membrane, cal...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.12.5374
更新日期:1991-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of uncertain pathogenesis characterized by a loss of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) dopaminergic (DA) neurons, and can be modeled by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Both inflammatory processes and oxidative stress may c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0937239100
更新日期:2003-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis E virus is responsible for both sporadic and epidemic hepatitis in developing countries. The nonenveloped virus is 27-34 nm in diameter and has been shown to contain a single-strand, positive-sense, polyadenylylated RNA genome of approximately 7.5 kilobases. The nucleotide sequence of the Burma strain of hep...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.9.3855
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retroviral Gag polyproteins have specific regions, commonly referred to as late assembly (L) domains, which are required for the efficient separation of assembled virions from the host cell. The L domain of HIV-1 is in the C-terminal p6(gag) domain and contains an essential P(T/S)AP core motif that is widely conserved...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.24.13063
更新日期:2000-11-21 00:00:00
abstract::Language and analytic processing are currently thought to be represented in the left hemisphere, whereas spatial and holistic processing would involve primarily the right hemisphere in man. An experimental paradigm for engaging the nonlanguage hemisphere (generally the right) is described. This involves active touch e...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.9.4037
更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neuropeptide oxytocin has played an essential role in the regulation of social behavior and attachment throughout mammalian evolution. Because recent studies in humans have shown that oxytocin administration reduces stress responses and increases prosocial behavior, we investigated whether a common single nucleoti...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1113079108
更新日期:2011-12-13 00:00:00
abstract::Delayed implantation (embryonic diapause) occurs when the embryo at the blastocyst stage achieves a state of suspended animation. During this period, blastocyst growth is very slow, with minimal or no cell division. Nearly 100 mammals in seven different orders undergo delayed implantation, but the underlying molecular...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0402597101
更新日期:2004-07-13 00:00:00
abstract::In the 7 years since dynamin was first isolated from bovine brain in search of novel microtubule-based motors, our understanding of this enzyme has expanded significantly. We now know that brain dynamin belongs to a family of large GTPases, which mediate vesicle trafficking. Furthermore, this enzymatic activity is mar...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.2.377
更新日期:1997-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::The lentiviruses are associated with a wide range of chronic diseases in mammals. These include immunodeficiencies (such as HIV/AIDS in humans), malignancies, and lymphatic and neurological disorders in primates, felids, and a variety of wild and domesticated ungulates. Evolutionary analyses of the genomic sequences o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0700471104
更新日期:2007-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::Human cDNA clones encoding a structure-specific recognition protein, SSRP1, that binds specifically to DNA modified with cisplatin have been isolated and characterized. The SSRP1 gene maps to human chromosome 11q12. The cDNA clones, obtained by using partial-length cDNAs described previously, predict an 81-kDa protein...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.6.2307
更新日期:1992-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Saposin A, a heat-stable 16-kDa glycoprotein, was isolated from Gaucher disease spleen and purified to homogeneity. Chemical sequencing from its amino terminus and of peptides obtained by digestion with protease from Staphylococcus aureus strain V-8 demonstrated that saposin A is derived from proteolytic processing of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.9.3389
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite decades of declining crime rates, longstanding tensions between police and the public continue to frustrate the formation of cooperative relationships necessary for the function of the police and the provision of public safety. In response, policy makers continue to promote community-oriented policing (COP) an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1073/pnas.1910157116
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The binding of killer cell Ig-like Receptors (KIR) to their Class I MHC ligands was shown previously to be characterized by extremely rapid association and dissociation rate constants. During experiments to investigate the biochemistry of receptor-ligand binding in more detail, the kinetic parameters of the interactio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.041618298
更新日期:2001-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::In photosynthetic systems, the absorbed light energy is used to generate electron transport or it is lost in the form of fluorescence and thermal emission. While fluorescence can be readily measured, the detection of thermal deactivation processes can be achieved by the photoacoustic technique. In that case, the press...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.1.281
更新日期:1994-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperpolarization of substrates for magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and imaging (MRI) by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) usually involves saturating the ESR transitions of polarizing agents (PAs; e.g., persistent radicals embedded in frozen glassy matrices). This approach has shown enormous pote...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1407730111
更新日期:2014-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::The primary product of biological nitrogen fixation, ammonia, reversibly regulates nitrogenase activity in a variety of diazotrophs by a process called "NH4(+)-switch-off/on." Strong correlative evidence from work in Azospirillum lipoferum and Rhodospirillum rubrum indicates that this regulation involves both the inac...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.5.1720
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using a HeLa cell line stably transfected with the tat gene from human immunodeficiency virus type 1, we have found that the expression of the regulatory Tat protein suppresses the expression of cellular Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD). This enzyme is one of the cell's primary defenses against oxygen-deriv...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.16.7632
更新日期:1993-08-15 00:00:00