Abstract:
:Efforts to understand the dramatic declines in mortality over the past century have focused on life expectancy. However, understanding changes in disparity in age of death is important to understanding mechanisms of mortality improvement and devising policy to promote health equity. We derive a novel decomposition of variance in age of death, a measure of inequality, and apply it to cause-specific contributions to the change in variance among the G7 countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States) from 1950 to 2010. We find that the causes of death that contributed most to declines in the variance are different from those that contributed most to increase in life expectancy; in particular, they affect mortality at younger ages. We also find that, for two leading causes of death [cancers and cardiovascular disease (CVD)], there are no consistent relationships between changes in life expectancy and variance either within countries over time or between countries. These results show that promoting health at younger ages is critical for health equity and that policies to control cancer and CVD may have differing implications for equity.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Seligman B,Greenberg G,Tuljapurkar Sdoi
10.1073/pnas.1601112113subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-07-26 00:00:00pages
8420-3issue
30eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1601112113journal_volume
113pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The intermediates and the rate-limiting step in the crystallization of deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin have been determined by a kinetic study with the use of electron microscopy. In slowly stirred solutions of deoxygenated hemoglobin S [Pumphrey, J. & Steinhardt, J. (1977) J. Mol. Biol. 112, 359--375], the sequential ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00
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