Integrating the genotype and phenotype in hominid paleontology.

abstract：:Homopyrimidine oligonucleotides bind to the major groove of a complementary homopyrimidine.homopurine stretch by triple helix formation. The bla gene from transposon Tn3 contains a homopyrimidine.homopurine sequence of 13 base pairs located just downstream of the RNA polymerase binding site. A 13-mer homopyrimidine ol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duval-Valentin G,Thuong NT,Hélène C

更新日期：1992-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Thymin, a purified polypeptide isolated from bovine thymus, was shown to induce the expression of differentiation antigens characteristic of thymocytes [TL and Thy-1 (theta)] when incubated in vitro with mouse bone marrow or spleen cells. This induction occurred in 5-10% of the cells from bone marrow after a 2-hr incu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Basch RS,Goldstein G

更新日期：1974-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of the isolated perfused rat liver to differentiate between chylomicrons and remnants with either high or low apoprotein E:C ratios was investigated. Remnants were prepared in hepatectomized rats injected with chylomicrons double-labeled with [3H]cholesterol and 14C-labeled fatty acids. By densitometric sc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Borensztajn J,Kotlar TJ

更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tetrodotoxin was infused into the suprachiasmatic nuclei of unanesthetized and unrestrained rats continuously for 14 days. The internal timekeeping mechanism of the circadian pacemaker in the nuclei continued to oscillate unaffected by this treatment, although the toxin reversibly blocked function of both the input pa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schwartz WJ,Gross RA,Morton MT

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in metabolic engineering have demonstrated that microbial biosynthesis can provide a viable alternative to chemical synthesis for the production of bulk and fine chemicals. Introduction of a new biosynthetic pathway typically requires the expression of multiple heterologous enzymes in the production ho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Michener JK,Nielsen J,Smolke CD

更新日期：2012-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:We have used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify up to 22 kb of the beta-globin gene cluster from human genomic DNA and up to 42 kb from phaga lambda DNA. We have also amplified 91 human genomic inserts of 9-23 kb directly from recombinant lambda plaques. To do this, we increased pH, added glycerol and dime...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cheng S,Fockler C,Barnes WM,Higuchi R

更新日期：1994-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Perilipin coats the lipid droplets of adipocytes and is thought to have a role in regulating triacylglycerol hydrolysis. To study the role of perilipin in vivo, we have created a perilipin knockout mouse. Perilipin null (peri(-/-)) and wild-type (peri(+/+)) mice consume equal amounts of food, but the adipose tissue ma...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tansey JT,Sztalryd C,Gruia-Gray J,Roush DL,Zee JV,Gavrilova O,Reitman ML,Deng CX,Li C,Kimmel AR,Londos C

更新日期：2001-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The human Melan-A/MART-1 gene encodes an HLA-A2-restricted peptide epitope recognized by melanoma-reactive CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Here we report that this gene also encodes at least one HLA-DR4-presented peptide recognized by CD4(+) T cells. The Melan-A/MART-1(51-73) peptide was able to induce the in vitro ex...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zarour HM,Kirkwood JM,Kierstead LS,Herr W,Brusic V,Slingluff CL Jr,Sidney J,Sette A,Storkus WJ

更新日期：2000-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Switch from non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) to syncytium-inducing (SI) HIV type 1 (HIV-1) is associated with accelerated CD4(+) T cell depletion, which might partially be explained by higher virulence of SI variants compared with NSI variants. Because NSI and SI variants use different coreceptors for entry of target cell...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Blaak H,van't Wout AB,Brouwer M,Hooibrink B,Hovenkamp E,Schuitemaker H

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The RuvC protein of Escherichia coli catalyzes the resolution of recombination intermediates during genetic recombination and the recombinational repair of damaged DNA. Resolution involves specific recognition of the Holliday structure to form a complex that exhibits twofold symmetry with the DNA in an open configurat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bennett RJ,West SC

更新日期：1996-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The study of development has relied primarily on the isolation of mutations in genes with specific functions in development and on the comparison of their expression patterns in normal and mutant phenotypes. Comparative evolutionary analyses can complement these approaches. Phylogenetic analyses of Sonic hedgehog (Shh...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zardoya R,Abouheif E,Meyer A

更新日期：1996-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Defining prospective pathways by which zoonoses evolve and emerge as human pathogens is critical for anticipating and controlling both natural and deliberate pandemics. However, predicting tenable pathways of animal-to-human movement has been hindered by challenges in identifying reservoir species, cultivating zoonoti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Becker MM,Graham RL,Donaldson EF,Rockx B,Sims AC,Sheahan T,Pickles RJ,Corti D,Johnston RE,Baric RS,Denison MR

更新日期：2008-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Colloidal and sol-gel procedures have been used to prepare heterogeneous catalysts consisting of platinum metal particles with narrow size distributions and well defined shapes dispersed on high-surface-area silica supports. The overall procedure was developed in three stages. First, tetrahedral and cubic colloidal me...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee I,Morales R,Albiter MA,Zaera F

更新日期：2008-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanism of the inotropic effect of cardiac glycosides on the heart has long been controversial. Inotropic effects at low concentrations of cardiac glycosides indicate more than one class of receptor or more than one cellular mechanism. In the brain of the rat, high- and low-affinity cardiac glycoside receptors h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sweadner KJ,Farshi SK

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A reaction cycle for electron-transportdriven proton pumps is proposed. It includes two distinct conformational states of the pump protein in which the primary electron acceptor has different reduction potentials. This has as an unavoidable consequence that the steady-state rate equation for the catalytic reaction dri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brzezinski P,Malmström BG

更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) are causative for dominantly inherited amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite high variability in biochemical properties among the disease-causing mutants, a proportion of both dismutase-active and -inactive mutants are stably bound to spinal cord mitochondria...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vande Velde C,Miller TM,Cashman NR,Cleveland DW

更新日期：2008-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Mosquito repellency data on acylpiperidines derived from the U.S. Department of Agriculture archives were modeled by using molecular descriptors calculated by CODESSA PRO software. An artificial neural network model was developed for the correlation of these archival results and used to predict the repellent activity ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Katritzky AR,Wang Z,Slavov S,Tsikolia M,Dobchev D,Akhmedov NG,Hall CD,Bernier UR,Clark GG,Linthicum KJ

更新日期：2008-05-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Aneuploidy, a chromosome content other than a multiple of the haploid number, is a common feature of cancer cells. Whole chromosomal aneuploidy accompanying ongoing chromosomal instability in mice resulting from reduced levels of the centromere-linked motor protein CENP-E has been reported to increase the incidence of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Silk AD,Zasadil LM,Holland AJ,Vitre B,Cleveland DW,Weaver BA

更新日期：2013-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:To study the permanency of response to selection for a quantitative character in finite populations and the nature of the genetic effects that contribute to this response, we have used the covariance between ancestors and descendents within populations. Effects and variances are defined for an initial equilibrium rand...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cockerham CC,Tachida H

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Taq DNA polymerase is the most commonly used enzyme in DNA sequencing. However, all versions of Taq polymerase are deficient in two respects: (i) these enzymes incorporate each of the four dideoxynucleoside 5' triphosphates (ddNTPs) at widely different rates during sequencing (ddGTP, for example, is incorporated 1...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li Y,Mitaxov V,Waksman G

更新日期：1999-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:microRNA-146a (miR-146a) has been previously implicated as an essential molecular brake, preventing immune overreaction and malignant transformation by attenuating NF-κB signaling, putatively via repression of the Traf6 and Irak1 genes. The exact contribution of miR-146a-mediated silencing of these genes to the contro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Magilnick N,Reyes EY,Wang WL,Vonderfecht SL,Gohda J,Inoue JI,Boldin MP

更新日期：2017-08-22 00:00:00

abstract：:N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor-mediated increases in intracellular calcium are thought to play a critical role in synaptic plasticity. The mechanisms by which changes in cytoplasmic calcium transmit the glutamate signal to the nucleus, which is ultimately important for long-lasting neuronal responses, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yun HY,Gonzalez-Zulueta M,Dawson VL,Dawson TM

更新日期：1998-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is induced by mitogenic and proinflammatory factors. Its overexpression plays a causal role in inflammation and tumorigenesis. COX-2 expression is tightly regulated, but the mechanisms are largely unclear. Here we show the control of COX-2 expression by an endogenous tryptophan meta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cheng HH,Kuo CC,Yan JL,Chen HL,Lin WC,Wang KH,Tsai KK,Guvén H,Flaberg E,Szekely L,Klein G,Wu KK

更新日期：2012-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Tooth decay (dental caries) is a widespread human disease caused by microbial biofilms. Streptococcus mutans, a biofilm-former, has been consistently associated with severe childhood caries; however, how this bacterium is spatially organized with other microorganisms in the oral cavity to promote disease remains unkno...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim D,Barraza JP,Arthur RA,Hara A,Lewis K,Liu Y,Scisci EL,Hajishengallis E,Whiteley M,Koo H

更新日期：2020-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is a normal physiological process, which could in principle be manipulated to play an important role in cancer therapy. The key importance of p53 expression in the apoptotic response to DNA-damaging agents has been stressed because mutant or deleted p53 is so common in most kinds of c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xu C,Meikrantz W,Schlegel R,Sager R

更新日期：1995-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a hypothesis that dangerous diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Alzheimer's, fatal familial insomnia, and several others are induced by propagation of wrong or misfolded conformations of some vital proteins. If for some reason the misfolded conformations were acquired by many...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Małolepsza E,Boniecki M,Kolinski A,Piela L

更新日期：2005-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple studies have established that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. Notably, miR-155 is one of the most overexpressed miRNAs in several solid and hematological malignancies. Ectopic miR-155 expression in mice B cells (Eμ-miR-155 transgenic mice) has been shown to induce ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sandhu SK,Volinia S,Costinean S,Galasso M,Neinast R,Santhanam R,Parthun MR,Perrotti D,Marcucci G,Garzon R,Croce CM

更新日期：2012-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrogenesis is repressed in the early embryonic period and occurs in the late embryonic period. A variety of external and internal signals contribute to the sequential differentiation of neural stem cells. Here, we discovered that immune-related CD93 plays a critical negative role in the regulation of astrogenesis in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liang Q,Su L,Zhang D,Jiao J

更新日期：2020-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Human skin and lung mast cells and rodent peritoneal mast cells contain a carboxypeptidase in their secretory granules. We have screened human lung cDNA libraries with a mouse mast cell carboxypeptidase A (MC-CPA) cDNA probe to isolate a near-full-length cDNA that encodes human MC-CPA. The 5' end of the human MC-CPA t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reynolds DS,Gurley DS,Stevens RL,Sugarbaker DJ,Austen KF,Serafin WE

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene expression has a stochastic component because of the single-molecule nature of the gene and the small number of copies of individual DNA-binding proteins in the cell. We show how the statistics of such systems can be mapped onto quantum many-body problems. The dynamics of a single gene switch resembles the spin-b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sasai M,Wolynes PG

更新日期：2003-03-04 00:00:00