Induction of T-cell differentiation in vitro by thymin, a purified polypeptide hormone of the thymus.

abstract：:Two series of peptides that specifically bind to the extracellular domain of the alpha chain of the human interleukin-5 receptor (IL-5Ralpha), but share no primary sequence homology to IL-5, were identified from libraries of random recombinant peptides. Affinity maturation procedures generated a 19-aa peptide that bin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： England BP,Balasubramanian P,Uings I,Bethell S,Chen MJ,Schatz PJ,Yin Q,Chen YF,Whitehorn EA,Tsavaler A,Martens CL,Barrett RW,McKinnon M

更新日期：2000-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Fully atomistic molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations of perfluoroalkylalkane molecules at the surface of water show the spontaneous formation of aggregates whose size and topography closely resemble the experimentally observed hemimicelles for this system. Furthermore, the grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) pat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Silva GMC,Morgado P,Lourenço P,Goldmann M,Filipe EJM

更新日期：2019-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Diphtheria toxin ( DTx ) is an extremely potent inhibitor of protein synthesis. It is secreted as a linear polypeptide, which is cleaved to produce disulfide-linked A and B fragments. Fragment A, the inhibitor of protein synthesis, requires fragment B, the recognition subunit, for entry into intact cells. Fragment B h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zalman LS,Wisnieski BJ

更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Not having enough of what one needs has long been shown to have detrimental consequences for decision making. Recent work suggests that the experience of insufficient resources can create a "scarcity" mindset; increasing attention toward the scarce resource itself, but at the cost of attention for unrelated aspects. T...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huijsmans I,Ma I,Micheli L,Civai C,Stallen M,Sanfey AG

更新日期：2019-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Cultured hippocampal slices prepared from apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were exposed to an inhibitor of cathepsins B and L and then processed for immunocytochemistry using antibodies against human paired helical filaments. Dense, AT8-immunopositive deposits were found in the subiculum, stratum oriens of hippocampal ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bi X,Yong AP,Zhou J,Ribak CE,Lynch G

更新日期：2001-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Sea urchins are a major component of recent marine communities where they exert a key role as grazers and benthic predators. However, their impact on past marine organisms, such as crinoids, is hard to infer in the fossil record. Analysis of bite mark frequencies on crinoid columnals and comprehensive genus-level dive...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gorzelak P,Salamon MA,Baumiller TK

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The influence of speech production on speech perception is well established in adults. However, because adults have a long history of both perceiving and producing speech, the extent to which the perception-production linkage is due to experience is unknown. We addressed this issue by asking whether articulatory confi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bruderer AG,Danielson DK,Kandhadai P,Werker JF

更新日期：2015-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We present the first part of a quantitative theory for the structure and dynamics of forests at demographic and resource steady state. The theory uses allometric scaling relations, based on metabolism and biomechanics, to quantify how trees use resources, fill space, and grow. These individual-level traits and propert...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： West GB,Enquist BJ,Brown JH

更新日期：2009-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a neurotoxin that causes parkinsonism in humans and nonhuman animals, and its use has led to greater understanding of the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. However, its molecular targets have not been defined. We show that mice lacking the gene for poly(ADP-rib...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mandir AS,Przedborski S,Jackson-Lewis V,Wang ZQ,Simbulan-Rosenthal CM,Smulson ME,Hoffman BE,Guastella DB,Dawson VL,Dawson TM

更新日期：1999-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The protein complex formed by the Ca2+ sensor neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS-1) and the guanine exchange factor protein Ric8a coregulates synapse number and probability of neurotransmitter release, emerging as a potential therapeutic target for diseases affecting synapses, such as fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mansilla A,Chaves-Sanjuan A,Campillo NE,Semelidou O,Martínez-González L,Infantes L,González-Rubio JM,Gil C,Conde S,Skoulakis EM,Ferrús A,Martínez A,Sánchez-Barrena MJ

更新日期：2017-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Purified dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-sensitive ATPase (TF0-F1) from thermophilic bacterium PS3 is composed of a water soluble part with ATP hydrolytic activity (TF1) and a water insoluble moiety (TF0). All of the five subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) of TF1 were isolated. TF1 was reconstituted from the f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yoshida M,Okamoto H,Sone N,Hirata H,Kagawa Y

更新日期：1977-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nearly 500 alkaloids have been detected in skin extracts from frogs of the family Dendrobatidae. All seem to have been sequestered unchanged into skin glands from alkaloid-containing arthropods. Ants, beetles, and millipedes seem to be the source of decahydroquinolines, certain izidines, coccinellines, and spiropyrrol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Daly JW,Kaneko T,Wilham J,Garraffo HM,Spande TF,Espinosa A,Donnelly MA

更新日期：2002-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is present throughout life in rodents and plays an important role in energy balance. However, whereas BAT is clearly recognizable in the neonates of larger mammals (including dogs, cats, sheep, cattle, and humans), it is undetectable or present in only small quantities in adults of these spe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Champigny O,Ricquier D,Blondel O,Mayers RM,Briscoe MG,Holloway BR

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have highlighted the importance of peripheral induction of Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the dominant control of immunological tolerance. However, Foxp3(+) Treg differentiation from naïve CD4(+) T cells occurs only under selective conditions, whereas the classical T helper (Th) 1 and 2 ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wei J,Duramad O,Perng OA,Reiner SL,Liu YJ,Qin FX

更新日期：2007-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibition of protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates by double-stranded RNA is caused by the inactivation of IF-3, an initiation factor required for the recycling of ribosomes and for their binding to messenger RNA. The evidence for this is that (i) the inhibition can be overcome by addition of exogenous If-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kaempfer R,Kaufman J

更新日期：1973-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin (IL)-15 and its specific receptor chain, IL-15Rα, support the development of various effector cells, including NK and CD8 T cells via a mechanism called trans-presentation. Whereas the dynamic of trans-presentation has been shown to involve the recycling of IL-15Rα by presenting cells, the way responding c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tamzalit F,Barbieux I,Plet A,Heim J,Nedellec S,Morisseau S,Jacques Y,Mortier E

更新日期：2014-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene function is typically evaluated by sampling the continuum of gene expression at only a few discrete points corresponding to gene knockout or overexpression. We argue that this characterization is incomplete and present a library of engineered promoters of varying strengths obtained through mutagenesis of a consti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alper H,Fischer C,Nevoigt E,Stephanopoulos G

更新日期：2005-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbial pathogens with the ability to establish chronic infections have evolved strategies to actively modulate the host immune response. Brucellosis is a disease caused by a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen that if not treated during the initial phase of the infection becomes chronic as the bacteria persist for...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Spera JM,Ugalde JE,Mucci J,Comerci DJ,Ugalde RA

更新日期：2006-10-31 00:00:00

abstract：:By using a mixture of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides as a probe, cloned cDNA sequences specific for low molecular weight (LMW) kininogen have been isolated from a cDNA library of bovine liver mRNA sequences. Nucleotide sequence analyses of cloned cDNA inserts have revealed that bovine liver LMW kininogens are enc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nawa H,Kitamura N,Hirose T,Asai M,Inayama S,Nakanishi S

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diffuse celestial sources of relatively low surface brightness such as the Milky Way, zodiacal light, and gegenschein (or contre lumière) can be studied most reliably from above the earth's atmosphere with equipment flown in artificial satellites. We review the techniques used and some of the difficulties encountered ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roach FE,Carroll B,Aller LH,Smith L

更新日期：1972-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In double-transgenic mice expressing a gene construct encoding hen egg lysozyme as well as rearranged anti-lysozyme antibody genes, large numbers of anti-lysozyme B cells are present in peripheral lymphoid tissues but are profoundly tolerant. The cellular basis for this form of non-deletional self-tolerance was explor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Adams E,Basten A,Goodnow CC

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Under conditions (0.2% CO2; 1% O2) that allow high rates of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence was measured simultaneously with carbon assimilation at various light intensities in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves. Using a stoichiometry of 3 ATP/CO2 and the known relationship between ATP synthesis rate and driv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schönknecht G,Neimanis S,Katona E,Gerst U,Heber U

更新日期：1995-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is most often due to point mutations in the beta-isoform of the thyroid hormone (TH) receptor (TR-beta). The majority of mutations involve the ligand-binding domain, where they block TH binding and receptor function on both stimulatory and inhibitory TH response elements. In contras...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Machado DS,Sabet A,Santiago LA,Sidhaye AR,Chiamolera MI,Ortiga-Carvalho TM,Wondisford FE

更新日期：2009-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The Mpemba effect occurs when a hot system cools faster than an initially colder one, when both are refrigerated in the same thermal reservoir. Using the custom-built supercomputer Janus II, we study the Mpemba effect in spin glasses and show that it is a nonequilibrium process, governed by the coherence length ξ of t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Baity-Jesi M,Calore E,Cruz A,Fernandez LA,Gil-Narvión JM,Gordillo-Guerrero A,Iñiguez D,Lasanta A,Maiorano A,Marinari E,Martin-Mayor V,Moreno-Gordo J,Muñoz Sudupe A,Navarro D,Parisi G,Perez-Gaviro S,Ricci-Tersenghi F,Rui

更新日期：2019-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represents a serious threat to the health of hospitalized patients. Attempts to reduce the spread of MRSA have largely depended on hospital hygiene and patient isolation. These measures have met with mixed success: although some countries have almost eliminated MRSA o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cooper BS,Medley GF,Stone SP,Kibbler CC,Cookson BD,Roberts JA,Duckworth G,Lai R,Ebrahim S

更新日期：2004-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Murine suppressor T-cell hybridoma cells (231F1) secrete not only bioactive glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF) but also an inactive peptide comparable to bioactive GIF peptide in its molecular size and reactivity with anti-GIF; the amino acid sequence of the inactive peptide is identical to that of the bioactive ho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakano T,Liu YC,Mikayama T,Watarai H,Taniguchi M,Ishizaka K

更新日期：1995-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reviews food (especially cereal) production trends and prospects for the world and its main regions. Despite fears to the contrary, in recent years we have seen continued progress toward better methods of feeding humanity. Sub-Saharan Africa is the sole major exception. Looking to the future, this paper arg...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dyson T

更新日期：1999-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) specifies in the infected cell a set of polypeptides (alpha) whose mRNAs are made in the absence of protein synthesis. The individual mRNAs specifying alpha polypeptides 0, 4, 22, and 27 were purified by hybridization to strand-separated or total HSV-1 DNA fragments cloned in pBR322 plas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mackem S,Roizman B

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) biology has focused on the tightly regulated enzymatic mechanism that transforms L-arginine into a family of molecules, which serve both signaling and defense functions. However, very little is known of the pathways that metabolize these molecules or turn off the signals. The paradigm is well exempli...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hausladen A,Gow AJ,Stamler JS

更新日期：1998-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity is a major public health problem and is often associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Leptin is the crucial adipostatic hormone that controls food intake and body weight through the activation of specific leptin receptors (OB-R) in the hypothalamic arcuate nucl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Couturier C,Sarkis C,Séron K,Belouzard S,Chen P,Lenain A,Corset L,Dam J,Vauthier V,Dubart A,Mallet J,Froguel P,Rouillé Y,Jockers R

更新日期：2007-12-04 00:00:00