Abstract:
:Switch from non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) to syncytium-inducing (SI) HIV type 1 (HIV-1) is associated with accelerated CD4(+) T cell depletion, which might partially be explained by higher virulence of SI variants compared with NSI variants. Because NSI and SI variants use different coreceptors for entry of target cells, altered tropism might offer an explanation for increased pathogenesis associated with SI HIV-1 infection. To investigate whether SI and NSI HIV-1 variants infect different CD4(+) T cell subsets in vivo, the distribution of SI and NSI variants over CD4(+) memory (CD45RA(-)RO(+)) and naive (CD45RA(+)RO(-)) cells was studied by using limiting dilution cultures. In contrast to NSI variants that were mainly present in CD45RO(+) cells, SI variants were equally distributed over CD45RO(+) and CD45RA(+) cells. Infection of memory cells by both NSI and SI HIV-1 and infection of naive cells primarily by SI HIV-1 corresponded closely with the differential cell surface expression of CXCR4 and CCR5. The frequency of SI-infected CD45RA(+) CD4(+) T cells, but not the frequency of NSI- or SI-infected CD45RO(+) CD4(+) T cells, correlated with the rate of CD4(+) T cell depletion. Infection of naive cells by SI HIV-1 may interfere with CD4(+) T cell production and thus account for rapid CD4(+) T cell depletion.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Blaak H,van't Wout AB,Brouwer M,Hooibrink B,Hovenkamp E,Schuitemaker Hdoi
10.1073/pnas.97.3.1269keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-02-01 00:00:00pages
1269-74issue
3eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
97pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Migraine is characterized by severe headaches that can be preceded by an aura likely caused by cortical spreading depression (SD). The antiepileptic pregabalin (Lyrica) shows clinical promise for migraine therapy, although its efficacy and mechanism of action are unclear. As detected by diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI)...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1614447114
更新日期:2017-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) catalyzes the formation of malonyl-CoA, the C2 donor for de novo synthesis of long-chain fatty acids. We have identified 64 exons, including 7 alternatively spliced minor exons (1A, 1B, 1C, 3, 5A', 5A, and 5B) in human ACC1 gene ( approximately 330 kb). The gene is regulated by three pr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1332670100
更新日期:2003-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::A cDNA sequence coding for murine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been isolated from a cDNA library prepared with mRNA derived from murine fibrosarcoma NFSA cells, which produce G-CSF constitutively. Identification of murine G-CSF cDNA was based on the cross-hybridization with human G-CSF cDNA under ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.20.7633
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Strategies to treat cancer have focused primarily on the killing of tumor cells. Here, we describe a differential stress resistance (DSR) method that focuses instead on protecting the organism but not cancer cells against chemotherapy. Short-term starved S. cerevisiae or cells lacking proto-oncogene homologs were up t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0708100105
更新日期:2008-06-17 00:00:00
abstract::The three-dimensional organization of HLA antigens has been investigated by spectroscopic and immunochemical techniques. Measurement of the circular dichroism shows that in papain-solubilized HLA the heavy chain as well as the previously studied light chain (beta 2-microglobulin) consists predominantly of beta-pleated...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.8.3844
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study demonstrates that significantly shortened telomeres are a hallmark of cardiomyocytes (CMs) from individuals with end-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) as a result of heritable defects in cardiac proteins critical to contractile function. Positioned at the ends of chromo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1714538115
更新日期:2018-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::cDNA clones for the (S)-tetrahydroberberine (H4Ber) oxidase of cultured berberine-producing Coptis japonica cells were isolated by screening a C. japonica cDNA library with synthetic nucleotides that can encode the NH2-terminal sequence of this enzyme. Analyses of the nucleotide sequences of the cloned cDNA inserts re...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.2.534
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An explicitly polarizable force field based exclusively on quantum data is applied to calculations of relative binding affinities of ligands to proteins. Five ligands, differing by replacement of an atom or functional group, in complexes with three serine proteases-trypsin, thrombin, and urokinase-type plasminogen act...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0803847105
更新日期:2008-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::Aggregation chimeras were formed between C57BL/6 mice heterozygous for the Apc(min) (Min) mutation and wild-type SWR mice, that differ in their Pla2g2a status, a modifier of Apc(min), and also in their resistance to intestinal polyp formation. Variation in the dolichos biflorus agglutinin-staining patterns of the inte...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.22.12553
更新日期:1999-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::125I-Labeled L-fucose-albumin complex and rat preputial beta-glucuronidase are rapidly cleared from plasma after intravenous infusion. L-Fucose-albumin retards the plasma clearance of beta-glucuronidase whereas D-fucose-albumin is inactive. In vitro, 125I-labeled L-fucose-albumin is taken up into rat or rabbit alveola...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.2.1019
更新日期:1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Old Italian violins are routinely credited with playing qualities supposedly unobtainable in new instruments. These qualities include the ability to project their sound more effectively in a concert hall-despite seeming relatively quiet under the ear of the player-compared with new violins. Although researchers have l...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1619443114
更新日期:2017-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::Genomes exhibit diverse patterns of species-specific GC content, GC and AT skews, codon bias, and mutation bias. Despite intensive investigations and the rapid accumulation of sequence data, the causes of these a priori different genome biases have not been agreed on and seem multifactorial and idiosyncratic. We show ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0810122106
更新日期:2009-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::Methods to accurately predict potential drug target mutations in response to early-stage leads could drive the design of more resilient first generation drug candidates. In this study, a structure-based protein design algorithm (K* in the OSPREY suite) was used to prospectively identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1411548112
更新日期:2015-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Radioimmunoassay revealed increased dynorphin A(1-8)-like immunoreactivity [dynA(1-8)LI] in the aged rat brain. Among a number of brain regions examined, an age-related dynA(1-8)LI elevation was found only in the hippocampal formation and frontal cortex. Moreover, the increase in dynA(1-8)LI in the aged hippocampus wa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.8.2948
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the primary oxidant in the troposphere, and the impact of its fluctuations on the methane budget has been disputed in recent years, however measurements of OH are insufficient to characterize global interannual fluctuations relevant for methane. Here, we use a 6,000-y control simulation of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1807532115
更新日期:2018-09-04 00:00:00
abstract::Network theory provides a powerful tool for the representation and analysis of complex systems of interacting agents. Here, we investigate the U.S. House of Representatives network of committees and subcommittees, with committees connected according to "interlocks," or common membership. Analysis of this network revea...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0500191102
更新日期:2005-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::Cryopreservation is widely used to maintain backups of cells as it enables the semipermanent storage of cells. During the freezing process, ice crystals that are generated inside and outside the cells can lethally damage the cells. All conventional cryopreservation methods use at least one cryoprotective agent (CPA) t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1808645116
更新日期:2019-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::Both plants and animals require the activity of proteins containing nucleotide binding (NB) domain and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains for proper immune system function. NB-LRR proteins in plants (NLR proteins in animals) also require conserved regulation via the proteins SGT1 and cytosolic HSP90. RAR1, a protein sp...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0904877106
更新日期:2009-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::c-Jun transcriptional activity is augmented by expression of oncogenic Ras and Raf proteins. This study demonstrates a direct correlation between Ras transforming activity and c-Jun activation, supporting an important role for c-Jun in transformation by Ras. Since we observed that Ras activated c-Jun transcriptional a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.13.6030
更新日期:1994-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::Tyrosine kinases of the Janus kinase family initiate cellular responses through their association with receptors for alpha-helical cytokines. In addition to a tyrosine kinase domain, these enzymes possess a kinase-like (KL) domain, whose function remains elusive. To investigate the role of the KL domain of Tyk2 in int...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.160130297
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibodies against an inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C purified from bovine brain were used to screen rat brain lambda gt11 expression cDNA libraries. Complete sequences of three cDNA inserts yielded a cumulative sequence of 5106 base pairs. The deduced protein had 1289 amino acids with a calculated mole...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.15.5419
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study C(0)a priori estimates for solutions to certain complex Monge-Ampère equations, I introduce a coherent sheaf of ideals and show that it satisfies various global algebrogeometric conditions, including a cohomology vanishing theorem. This technique is used to establish the existence of Kähler-Einstein metrics o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.19.7299
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although advances in microfluidic technology have enabled increasingly sophisticated biosensing and bioassay operations to be performed at the microscale, many of these applications employ such small amounts of charged biomolecules (DNA, proteins, and peptides) that they must first be preconcentrated to a detectable l...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0506848103
更新日期:2006-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the importance of Mg(2+) for numerous cellular activities, the mechanisms underlying its import and homeostasis are poorly understood. The CorA family is ubiquitous and is primarily responsible for Mg(2+) transport. However, the key questions-such as, the ion selectivity, the transport pathway, and the gating ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1210076109
更新日期:2012-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::The DNA from tumors of Nicotiana glauca initiated by strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes was shown to contain sequences that are homologous to the root-inducing (Ri) plasmid of the bacterium. Two independently established tumor lines contained a similar portion of the Ri-plasmid. The Ri-plasmid also hybridized to DNA ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.10.3193
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vanadyl sulfate and sodium orthovanadate in the concentration range between 5 and 50 microM are shown to be mitogenic for quiescent cultures of Swiss mouse 3T3 and 3T6 cells. The compounds caused a striking shift in the dose-response for the effect of serum on [3H]thymidine incorporation and DNA synthesis. In the abse...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.20.6162
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This work argues that, in a polarized environment, scientists can minimize the likelihood that the audience's biased processing will lead to rejection of their message if they not only eschew advocacy but also, convey that they are sharers of knowledge faithful to science's way of knowing and respectful of the audienc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1320868111
更新日期:2014-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::In animals and in man, diverse immunologic functions are mediated by specialized T-cell (thymus-derived lymphocyte) subsets that are distinguishable from one another on the basis of differences in cell surface determinants. Unfortunately, in humans, subset-specific antibodies have been difficult to generate. In this s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.3.1607
更新日期:1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To generate antibodies with different effector functions, B cells undergo Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain (IgH) class switch recombination (CSR). The ligation step of CSR is usually mediated by the classical nonhomologous end-joining (cNHEJ) pathway. In cNHEJ-deficient cells, a remarkable ∼25% of CSR can be achieved by the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2010972117
更新日期:2020-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, a mechanism of arsenite [As(III)]resistance through methylation and subsequent volatization is described. Heterologous expression of arsM from Rhodopseudomonas palustris was shown to confer As(III) resistance to an arsenic-sensitive strain of Escherichia coli. ArsM catalyzes the formation of a number ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0506836103
更新日期:2006-02-14 00:00:00