Abstract:
:Hepatitis E virus is responsible for both sporadic and epidemic hepatitis in developing countries. The nonenveloped virus is 27-34 nm in diameter and has been shown to contain a single-strand, positive-sense, polyadenylylated RNA genome of approximately 7.5 kilobases. The nucleotide sequence of the Burma strain of hepatitis E virus has been reported and three open reading frames (ORFs) have been identified. The deduced amino acid sequence from each of these ORFs was used to synthesize overlapping peptides (decamers overlapping at every fourth amino acid) on a solid phase. These peptides were then tested in an ELISA with pooled acute-phase sera from known cases of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis collected in the Sudan. Linear B-cell epitopes were identified in all three ORFs. Epitopes were identified throughout the polyprotein encoded by ORF1, but they appeared to be particularly concentrated in the region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Distinct epitopes were identified in the presumed structural protein encoded by ORF2, and one epitope was identified close to the carboxyl terminus of the protein encoded by ORF3. These data precisely pinpoint linear B-cell epitopes recognized by antibodies from patients with acute hepatitis E and identify an antibody response directed against the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Kaur M,Hyams KC,Purdy MA,Krawczynski K,Ching WM,Fry KE,Reyes GR,Bradley DW,Carl Mdoi
10.1073/pnas.89.9.3855keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-05-01 00:00:00pages
3855-8issue
9eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
89pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The properties of a recently synthesized photolabile chelator for divalent cations are described, the affinity of which for Ca2+ changes by some 5 orders of magnitude on illumination. The compound 1-(2-nitro-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N,N,N',N'-tetrakis[(oxycarbonyl)me thyl]-1,2-ethanediamine (DM-nitrophen) binds Ca2+ (Kd a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.17.6571
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An expression vector containing the murine c-ets-2 protooncogene cDNA was introduced into NIH 3T3 cells by DNA transfection. The cells transfected with this construct showed foci of densely growing, morphologically altered cells, when grown either in low-serum (0.05%) or in serum-free medium. The c-ets-2-derived foci ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.20.7833
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amino-terminal sequence determinations are reported of the subunits of biliproteins of prokaryotic unicellular and filamentous cyanobacteria and of eukaryotic unicellular red algae. The biliproteins examined, allophycocyanin, C-phycocyanin, R-phycocyanin, b-phycoerythrin, and phycoerythrocyanin, vary with respect to t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.2.428
更新日期:1976-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Establishment of loss-of-function phenotypes is often a key step in determining the biological function of a gene. We describe a procedure to obtain mutant petunia plants in which a specific gene with known sequence is inactivated by the transposable element dTph1. Leaves are collected from batches of 1000 plants with...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.18.8149
更新日期:1995-08-29 00:00:00
abstract::Metastasis, the truly lethal aspect of cancer, occurs when metastatic cancer cells in a tumor break through the basement membrane and penetrate the extracellular matrix. We show that MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast cancer cells cooperatively invade a 3D collagen matrix while following a glucose gradient. The invasion fro...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1221147110
更新日期:2013-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::Zif268, a zinc finger protein whose mRNA is rapidly activated in cells exposed to growth factors or other signaling agents, is thought to play a role in regulating the genetic program induced by extracellular ligands. We report that Zif268 has one of the characteristics of a transcriptional regulator, namely, sequence...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.22.8737
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mouse monoclonal antibody (7E6A5) of IgG isotype, reacting specifically with mucin-producing goblet cells of the human gastrointestinal tract, has been developed. 7E6A5 reacts by an ELISA with colonic protein eluted from a DEAE column. A screening by immunoperoxidase assay of 76 specimens from 19 different human tis...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.10.3425
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protecting hydrologic connectivity of freshwater ecosystems is fundamental to ensuring species persistence, ecosystem integrity, and human well-being. More frequent and severe droughts associated with climate change are poised to significantly alter flow intermittence patterns and hydrologic connectivity in dryland st...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1320890111
更新日期:2014-09-23 00:00:00
abstract::Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCHL1), a neuron-specific de-ubiquitinating enzyme, is one of the most abundant proteins in the brain. We describe three siblings from a consanguineous union with a previously unreported early-onset progressive neurodegenerative syndrome featuring childhood onset blindness, cerebella...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1222732110
更新日期:2013-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::Using data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey, we determined that most neotropical migrant bird species that breed in forests of the eastern United States and Canada have recently (1978-1987) declined in abundance after a period of stable or increasing populations. Most permanent residents and temperate-zone...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.19.7658
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human aspects of conservation are often overlooked but will be critical for identifying strategies for biological conservation in the face of climate change. We surveyed the behavioral intentions of coastal landowners with respect to various conservation strategies aimed at facilitating ecosystem migration for tid...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1620319114
更新日期:2017-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::The gene for the RNA-dependent eIF-2 alpha protein kinase (PKR) was isolated from mouse genomic DNA and characterized. The mouse PKR gene contains 16 exons and spans about 28 kilobase pairs. Exon 1 is untranslated; the AUG translation initiation site is located early in the second exon. Exon 16 includes the UAG transl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.17.7995
更新日期:1994-08-16 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, diffraction elements that reverse the color sequence normally observed in planar diffraction gratings have been found in the wing scales of the butterfly Pierella luna. Here, we describe the creation of an artificial photonic material mimicking this reverse color-order diffraction effect. The bioinspired sys...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1412240111
更新日期:2014-11-04 00:00:00
abstract::Recent scholarship suggests that the genomes of those around us affect our own phenotypes. Much of the empirical evidence for such "metagenomic" effects comes from animal studies, where the socio-genetic environment can be easily manipulated. Among humans, it is more difficult to identify such effects given the nonran...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1806901116
更新日期:2019-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms controlling the transcription of gene sets in specific regions of a plant embryo shortly after fertilization remain unknown. Previously, we showed that G564 mRNA, encoding a protein of unknown function, accumulates to high levels in the giant suspensor of both Scarlet Runner Bean (SRB) and Common Bean e...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1805802115
更新日期:2018-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::By combining the pairwise interactions between proteins, as predicted by the conserved co-occurrence of their genes in operons, we obtain protein interaction networks. Here we study the properties of such networks to identify functional modules: sets of proteins that together are involved in a biological process. The ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.092632599
更新日期:2002-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::Murine-virus-infected erythroleukemia cells cultured in a medium with dimethylsulfoxide or N,N-dimethylformamide are induced to differentiate to erythroid cells. A number of highly polar compounds have a similar effect in inducing erythroid differentiation of the virus-infected cells, as assayed by the appearance of h...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.3.1003
更新日期:1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::During brain maturation, the occurrence of the extracellular matrix (ECM) terminates juvenile plasticity by mediating structural stability. Interestingly, enzymatic removal of the ECM restores juvenile forms of plasticity, as for instance demonstrated by topographical reconnectivity in sensory pathways. However, to wh...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1310272111
更新日期:2014-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::Inherited deficiencies of the enzymes adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase; EC 3.5.4.4) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (purine-nucleoside:orthophosphate ribosyltransferase; EC 2.4.2.1) preferentially interfere with lymphocyte development while sparing most other organ systems. Previous experiments have s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.12.5677
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sustained activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) -type glutamate receptors leads to excitotoxic neuronal death in stroke, brain trauma, and neurodegenerative disorders. Superoxide production by NADPH oxidase is a requisite event in the process leading from NMDA receptor activation to excitotoxic death. NADPH oxidas...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1313029110
更新日期:2013-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::The complete primary structure of the purple membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin, which contains 248 amino acid residues, has been determined. Methods used for separation of the hydrophobic fragments included gel permeation and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography in organic solvents. The amino acid sequen...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.10.5046
更新日期:1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anthrax toxin is an intracellularly acting toxin in which sufficient information is available regarding the structure of its transmembrane channel, allowing for detailed investigation of models of translocation. Anthrax toxin, comprising three proteins-protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF), and edema factor-tran...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1600624113
更新日期:2016-08-23 00:00:00
abstract::We have generated eight mAbs (MW1-8) that bind the epitopes polyglutamine (polyQ), polyproline (polyP), or the C terminus of exon 1 in huntingtin (htt) protein. In the brains of Huntington's disease (HD) mouse models, the anti-polyQ mAbs bind to various cytoplasmic compartments, whereas the anti-polyP and anti-C termi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.022631799
更新日期:2002-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Cell cycle progression is tightly regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). The ankyrin-repeat protein p19INK4d functions as a key regulator of G1/S transition; however, its molecular mode of action is unknown. Here, we combine cell and structural biology methods to unravel the mechanism by which p19INK4d controls...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1719774115
更新日期:2018-03-27 00:00:00
abstract::3-(4'-Benzoylphenyl)propionyl[3H] Phe-tRNA bound to the peptidyl site of the ribosome is photo-crosslinked exclusively to 23S RNA on irradiation at 320 nm. The site of reaction has been identified both by hybridization and primer-extension experiments as uridine-2584 and uridine-2585, located within the central loop o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.12.3607
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reconstructing the origin and early evolutionary history of anthropoid primates (monkeys, apes, and humans) is a current focus of paleoprimatology. Although earlier hypotheses frequently supported an African origin for anthropoids, recent discoveries of older and phylogenetically more basal fossils in China and Myanma...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1200644109
更新日期:2012-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::The elevation of Ca2+ levels in the cytoplasm inactivates inward-rectifying K+ channels that play a central role in regulating the apertures of stomatal pores in higher plants. However, the mechanism for the Ca(2+)-mediated inhibition of K(+)-channel function is unknown. Using patch-clamp techniques, we show that cycl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.6.2202
更新日期:1993-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Weakly oncogenic adenovirus 2 (Ad2)-transformed LSH hamster cells are sensitive to lysis by spontaneously cytolytic lymphoid cells and activated macrophages, whereas highly oncogenic simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed LSH cells are relatively resistant to these nonspecific effector cells. Somatic cell hybrids formed b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.19.5995
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Women outnumber men in undergraduate enrollments, but they are much less likely than men to major in mathematics or science or to choose a profession in these fields. This outcome often is attributed to the effects of negative sex-based stereotypes. We studied the effect of such stereotypes in an experimental market, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1314788111
更新日期:2014-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::We examine how presentations of organ donation cases in the media may affect people's willingness to sign organ donation commitment cards, donate the organs of a deceased relative, support the transition to an "opt-out" policy, or donate a kidney while alive. We found that providing identifying information about the p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1703020114
更新日期:2017-05-16 00:00:00