Abstract:
:Sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) is a somatic genetic disease in which pathogenesis is influenced by the local colonic environment and the patient's genetic background. Consolidating the knowledge of genetic and epigenetic events that occur with initiation, progression, and metastasis of sporadic CRC has identified some biomarkers that might be utilized to predict behavior and prognosis beyond staging, and inform treatment approaches. Modern next-generation sequencing of sporadic CRCs has confirmed prior identified genetic alterations and has classified new alterations. Each patient's CRC is genetically unique, propelled by 2-8 driver gene alterations that have accumulated within the CRC since initiation. Commonly observed alterations across sporadic CRCs have allowed classification into a (1) hypermutated group that includes defective DNA mismatch repair with microsatellite instability and POLE mutations in ∼15%, containing multiple frameshifted genes and BRAF(V600E); (2) nonhypermutated group with multiple somatic copy number alterations and aneuploidy in ∼85%, containing oncogenic activation of KRAS and PIK3CA and mutation and loss of heterozygosity of tumor suppressor genes, such as APC and TP53; (3) CpG island methylator phenotype CRCs in ∼20% that overlap greatly with microsatellite instability CRCs and some nonhypermutated CRCs; and (4) elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats in ∼60% that associates with metastatic behavior in both hypermutated and nonhypermutated groups. Components from these classifications are now used as diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment biomarkers. Additional common biomarkers may come from genome-wide association studies and microRNAs among other sources, as well as from the unique alteration profile of an individual CRC to apply a precision medicine approach to care.
journal_name
Gastroenterologyjournal_title
Gastroenterologyauthors
Carethers JM,Jung BHdoi
10.1053/j.gastro.2015.06.047subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-10-01 00:00:00pages
1177-1190.e3issue
5eissn
0016-5085issn
1528-0012pii
S0016-5085(15)01004-5journal_volume
149pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
GASTROENTEROLOGY文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T-regulatory (Treg) cells control immune responses and maintain immune homeostasis. However, under inflammatory conditions, Treg cells produce cytokines that promote inflammation. We investigated production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by Treg cells in patients with acute hepatitis...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.11.277
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is believed to be innervated by nonadrenergic, noncholinergic inhibitory nerves, and cholinergic excitatory nerves. In idiopathic achalasia, LES relaxation is abnormal because the inhibitory nerves to the sphincter are either absent or functionally impaired. The integrity of ...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0016-5085(86)90869-3
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:We have few population-level data on the performance of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the United States. We investigated the numbers of unplanned hospital encounters (UHEs), patient and facility factors associated with UHEs, and variation in quality and outcomes in the perfo...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.09.037
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In seven healthy volunteers pure pancreatic juice was obtained by endoscopic cannulation of the papilla of Vater. Synthetic secretin was intravenously infused in doses doubled every 20 min. The volume of pancreatic juice was proportional to the log of the secretin dose. A significant rise (P less than 0.05) in pancrea...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We performed 92 computed tomography-guided percutaneous needle aspirations of pancreatic inflammatory masses in 60 patients suspected of harboring pancreatic infection. Thirty-six patients (60%) were found by Gram stain and culture to have a total of 41 separate episodes of pancreatic infection. Among 42 aspirates jud...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0016-5085(87)90261-7
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:There is no clear and point for the response to treatment of gastrointestinal human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) disease. HCMV-DNA quantitation on gastrointestinal biopsy specimens has proven its value for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal HCMV disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AI...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/gast.1996.v111.pm8690210
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:There are few validated biomarkers that can be used to predict outcomes for patients with colorectal cancer. Part of the challenge is the genetic and molecular heterogeneity of colorectal tumors not only among patients, but also within tumors. We have explored intratumor heterogeneity at the epigeneti...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.08.001
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:The effects of short-term antigenic activation of mast cells on the gastrointestinal tract have been well characterized, but little is known about the effects of long-term exposure to antigen on mucosal mast cell reactivity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of long-term antigen expos...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(96)70013-6
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:The Paris pediatric modification of the Montreal classification defines very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) as a form of IBD distinct from that of older children. We compared the incidence and outcomes of VEO-IBD with those of IBD in older children. METHODS:We performed a population...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.06.023
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aminopeptidase M (APM) was localized in the kidney and alimentary tract of guinea pigs and rats by indirect immunohistochemistry. APM was detected in the brush border of the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule of the kidney and of the small intestine, and it was localized to cells scattered throughout lymphoi...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0016-5085(92)90307-k
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:This randomized controlled trial compared variceal band ligation (VBL), propranolol (PPL), and isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN) in the prevention of first esophageal variceal bleed. METHODS:Over a 6-year period, 172 patients with cirrhosis, grade II or III esophageal varices that had never bled, were ...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1053/gast.2002.35385
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic cholestatic liver disease that is commonly associated with chronic ulcerative colitis. We observed the development of varices in the abdominal wall surrounding the ileostomy stoma of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis who underwent proctocolectomy and ileostomy for...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0016-5085(86)90926-1
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To estimate vascular changes in chronic liver disease, we quantitated intrahepatic arteriovenous and portal-systemic shunts in 12 patients with cirrhosis and arteriovenous shunts alone in 4 patients with cirrhosis. An index was obtained for intrahepatic arteriovenous shunts by instilling technetium 99m-macroaggregated...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0016-5085(87)90324-6
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The management of colon polyps has been completely revolutionized since the introduction of colonoscopic polypectomy. The reductions in patient time, cost, morbidity, and mortality are major advantages. Reported complications include primarily hemorrhage (1.7%) and frank clinical perforation (0.32%). This report descr...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted CD8(+) T cells are required for clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. MHC class I expression is up-regulated by type I and II interferons (IFNs). However, little is known about the effects of HCV infection on IFN-induced expression of...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.01.054
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Gastritis is associated with development of stomach cancer, but little is known about changes in microRNA expression patterns during gastric inflammation. Specific changes in gene expression in epithelial cells are difficult to monitor because of the heterogeneity of the tissue. We investigated epithe...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.059
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concern has arisen about the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). To identify patients at risk for HCC, we evaluated serum levels of immune mediators before, during, and after DAA treatment of HCV infection. Our s...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.10.035
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anatomical extent of fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy was determined by placing a clip on the colonic mucosa and subsequently locating the clip on barium enema. A 60 cm exam viewed the entire sigmoid colon in 81% of patients. Exams of 50-55 cm, 40-45 cm, and 30-35 cm extent viewed the entire sigmoid colon in 68%, 27%, and...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Liver disease has been associated with cardiovascular disorders, but little is known about the relationship between serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and markers of atherogenesis. We investigated the relationship between low-normal and high-normal levels of ALT and an extended panel of ca...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.08.036
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Black patients with chronic hepatitis C have lower response rates than white patients to interferon monotherapy. The factors responsible for these differences are unknown, as is the impact of combination antiviral therapy on responsiveness among ethnic groups. We evaluated the impact of race on respon...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1053/gast.2000.19289
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Standardized instruments are needed to assess the activity of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and to provide end points for clinical trials and observational studies. We aimed to develop and validate a patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument and score, based on items that could account for variations...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.08.028
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::After proximal small bowel resection, the remaining small intestine undergoes adaptive hyperplasia. The role of bile and pancreatic secretions in stimulating ileal mucosal growth after jejunectomy was studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either standard rat chow or a liquid elemental diet, and were divided into ...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pancreatic blood flow and its relationship to pancreatic interstitial pressure were investigated in a model of chronic pancreatitis in cats using a hydrogen gas-clearance technique with an intraductal electrode. The intraductal technique correlated well with blood flow measurements made using gamma-labeled microsphere...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Both hemorrhagic and cardiogenic shock are associated with hepatic shock gene expression at resuscitation. This study investigated the potential role of intravascular superoxide anion as a proximal trigger of heat shock protein gene expression. METHODS:Preanesthetized pigs were subjected to 120 m of to...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(94)95209-4
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of intracerebroventricular and intravenous administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on gastrointestinal motility, motilin-induced gastric motor response, and plasma motilin and somatostatin levels were investigated in fasted dogs chronically prepared with strain gauge transducers on the antru...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0016-5085(86)90690-6
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:T helper (Th) 17 cells that express the retinoid-related orphan receptor (ROR) γt contribute to the development of colitis in mice, yet are found in normal and inflamed intestine. We investigated their development and functions in intestines of mice. METHODS:We analyzed intestinal Th17 cells in healt...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.07.108
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Amidated gastrins are acid secretagogues and growth factors. Their precursor, progastrin, is a growth factor but not a secretagogue. Cleavage of progastrin at Arg94/95 determines the expression of these two alternative patterns of biological activity. We examined the hypothesis that cleavage at Arg94/...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(98)70086-1
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Ethanol impairs the mitochondrial transport of reduced glutathione (GSH), resulting in lower mitochondrial GSH (mGSH) levels. Our purpose was to evaluate the role of acetaldehyde on the regulation of mGSH in HepG2 cells. METHODS:mGSH levels and transport, mitochondrial membrane microviscosity, and li...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/gast.2003.50089
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Canine ileal segments were luminally perfused with known amounts of polyethylene glycol (PEG), and samples obtained were freed of protein by a cold acetone (CA) method and assayed for PEG by trichloroacetic acid in the presence of calcium cations. This procedure was compared to the Barium salt (BaS) protein precipitat...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adverse reactions to food that result in gastrointestinal symptoms are common in the general population; while only a minority of such individuals will have symptoms due to immunologic reactions to foods, gastrointestinal food allergies do exist in both children and adults. These immune reactions are mediated by immun...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.08.015
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00