Abstract:
:Acetylcholine (ACh), a classical neurotransmitter, has been shown to be present in various non-neuronal cells, including cells of the eye, such as corneal epithelium and endothelium, and to have widespread physiological effects such as cytoskeleton reorganization, cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ACh on corneal keratocyte proliferation, and the underlying mechanisms, in order to explore its possible effect in corneal wound healing. Primary culture of human keratocytes was established from donated corneas. Cell viability and fraction of proliferating cells were detected by MTS assay and BrdU incorporation ELISA, respectively. Expression of proliferative markers, PCNA and Ki-67, was detected by western blot and immunocytochemistry. Activation of the MAPK/Erk signaling pathway and its involvement in ACh-enhanced proliferation was determined by western blot analysis, MTS, and BrdU ELISA. We found that ACh enhanced keratocyte proliferation even at low concentrations. Stimulation of proliferation was mediated through activation of muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChRs). Western blot analysis revealed that ACh stimulation of keratocytes upregulated the expression of PCNA and Ki-67, and Ki-67 immunocytochemistry showed that ACh-treated cells were in an active phase of the cell cycle. ACh activated MAPK signaling, and this step was crucial for the ACh-enhanced proliferation, as inhibition of the MAPK pathway resulted in ACh having no proliferative effect. In conclusion, ACh enhances keratocyte proliferation and might thus play a role in proper corneal wound healing.
journal_name
Int Immunopharmacoljournal_title
International immunopharmacologyauthors
Słoniecka M,Backman LJ,Danielson Pdoi
10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.039subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-11-01 00:00:00pages
57-62issue
1eissn
1567-5769issn
1878-1705pii
S1567-5769(15)00277-5journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Cyclosporine A (CsA) is the first immunosuppressant universally used in allotransplantation. However, it has been demonstrated that this drug produces side effects in several organs, particularly in the kidney and in the heart. Since the immunosuppressive therapy induces myocardial toxicity, the aim of this study was ...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S1567-5769(03)00020-1
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bronchial asthma is characterized by chronic lung inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and airway remodeling. Astilbic acid, extracted from the medicinal herb Astilbe chinensis, is used as a headache remedy in traditional medicine and has anti-pyretic and analgesic effects. However, the effect of astilbic a...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2010.12.002
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The mechanistic implications of the presence of sympathetic noradrenergic innervation in lymphoid organs in synaptic association with lymphocytes open to the influence of hormonal fluctuations throughout reproductive age in females has not been investigated yet. OBJECTIVES:The aim of the present study is to...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2013.08.020
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::With respect to functional aspects, the kallikrein-kinin-system can be divided into a plasma kallikrein-kinin-system and a tissue kallikrein-kinin-system. At least four functional kinin peptides act via two different G-protein-coupled receptors, an inducible B1-receptor and a constitutively expressed B2-receptor. B1R ...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2007.10.001
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::β-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a bicyclic sesquiterpene compound that has anti-diabetic activity. However, the effect of BCP on diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unclear. Here, we aimed to evaluate the potential role of BCP in high glucose (HG)-induced glomerular mesangial cells (MCs). MCs were maintained under HG condition...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106556
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated apoptotic mechanisms of down-expression vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by short interfering RNA (siRNA) in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Human breast cancer cells were evaluated for the expression of VEGF and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). siRNA targeting VEGF mRNA were chemically syn...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2008.11.020
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microglial inflammation induced by ischemic stroke aggravates brain damage. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators in ischemic stroke-induced inflammation in microglial cells. miR-665-3p has been reported as a critical inflammation-associated miRNA. However, whether miR-665-3p participates in regulating...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106650
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We can now declare that the clinical goal of immune intervention as a therapeutic strategy for neoplastic, infectious, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, has been achieved and in many instances obtained regulatory approval. Although, interest in and optimism for this approach has fluctuated, in the last 20years, im...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2016.02.025
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human beta-defensin 2 is an antimicrobial peptide that is produced by several epithelial cells after stimulation with micro-organisms and inflammatory mediators. Gram-negative bacteria, which are typically detected in periodontal pockets in periodontitis, elicit a stronger antibacterial peptide response of human beta-...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2008.04.015
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is sequentially dephosphorylated by two ectoenzymes: CD39/nucleotidase triphosphate dephosphorylase (ENTPD) and CD73/5'-ectonucleotidase (5'-NT). Adenosine, its notable metabolite, may elicit potent anti-inflammatory responses. We examined whether the CD39-adenosinergic axis ...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2013.07.014
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study aims to select the most effective anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) component of flavonoids from Daphne genkwa Sieb. et Zucc. by anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in vitro, and to elucidate the mechanism. METHODS:The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of total flavonoids (TF)...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106384
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucocorticoids (GC) are frequently used for therapy of various inflammatory lung diseases by either systemic or inhalative application. Because the oral application often has various side effects and because the inhalative application is not as potent, new formulations of GCs are required. We evaluated the effect of ...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2004.09.033
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Platelets have been proved to exacerbate influenza infection and its complications. Inhibition of platelet activation may be a feasible method for preventing severe infection and secondary acute lung injury (ALI). Isofraxidin (IFD) is a natural coumarin isolated from the plants Sarcandra glabra and Siberian ginseng, a...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106521
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of a topical corticosteroid drug, diflucortolone valerate, on the mRNA expressions for four CC- and four CXC-chemokines, which have been reported to be associated with recruitment of different kinds of proinflammatory and inflammatory cells, were investigated by RT-PCR in mice with 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene ...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2003.10.005
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been considered to regulate immune cell systems through induction of apoptosis in thymocytes and mature peripheral-blood lymphocytes. Here we report that apoptosis induced by cortisol in mitogen-activated peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is suppressed by cortisone, an oxidized metab...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00135-7
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Sulfur mustard (SM) intoxication produces local and systemic changes in the human body. In this study, the relationship between tear and serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and serum tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are assessed in serious eye-injured SM-exposed casualties. METHODS:A gro...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105812
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activities of dectin-1 and mannose receptors on phagocytosis of Candida albicans and the production of TNF-α by macrophages from mice pretreated for 3 days with extract of Artocarpus intergrifolia seeds (jack extract), Artin M or jacalin were studied. Macrophages from these mice were coincubated with C. albicans C...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2011.12.010
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, immunotherapy has evolved into a true treatment modality with the approval of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors as the standard care for first-line treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Until now, for patients with advanced NSCLC, treatment of targeting immune checkpoints reveals a promising...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106247
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the mechanisms of diabetes-enhanced inflammation, ear inflammation was induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in streptozotocin (STZ)-injected diabetic and control mice. The inflammatory response was determined from ear thickness and histology. The mRNA expression of several inflammation-rela...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2013.01.007
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family play key roles in the regulation of inflammation, immune responses and tissue homeostasis. Here we describe the identification of the Japanese sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) homologue of mammalian B cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF/BLyS) (designated Lj...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2011.10.009
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a common and serious complication following ischemic stroke, especially after tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) thrombolysis, which is associated with increased mortality and disability. Due to the unknown mechanisms and targets of HT, there are no effective therapeutic drugs to de...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107216
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, also named Chinese Paeony, is a Chinese herb. A decoction of its root has been used to treat painful or inflammatory disorders in traditional Chinese medicine. A water/ethanol extract of Radix Paeoniae is known as total glycosides of paeony (TGP), of which paeoniflorin is the major active co...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2012.06.001
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immune system is the body's natural defense system against invading pathogens. It protects the body from infection and works to communicate an individual's well-being through a complex network of interconnected cells and cytokines. This system is an associated host defense. An uncontrolled immune system has the po...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.033
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Streptococcus pneumoniae is a primary cause of invasive bacterial infection and pneumonia and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In prior studies we showed that pre-treating mice with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a potent agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), protects against S. ...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2012.05.008
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) has been identified as a late-acting mediator of inflammation. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is the main receptor and mediates the cytokine activity of HMGB1. Since HMGB1 also exhibits heparin-binding activity, we investigated whether heparin interferes w...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2010.11.014
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypoxic tumor microenvironment makes cancer cells to be therapy-resistant and hypoxia-inducing factors (HIFs) play a central role in hypoxic adaptation. Especially, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is often associated with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene mutations, leading to up-regulation of HIFs. However, from a different po...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2017.01.014
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work has shown that morphine suppresses the pulmonary immune response to infection and reduces pulmonary inflammation. No published studies have addressed the impact of morphine on lymphocyte function in the lungs without infection. This study addressed this question by assessing the impact of acute morphine ...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00072-8
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is currently no specific drug for the treatment of sepsis and antibiotic administration is considered the best option, despite numerous issues. Therefore, the development of drugs to control the pathogen-induced inflammatory responses associated with sepsis is essential. To address this, our study examined the t...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.051
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies indicated that a partial T-cell receptor signal delivered by non-mitogenic anti-CD3 antibodies is critical for dampening the activated T-cell response. The mini-yCD3 is a novel non-mitogenic anti-CD3 antibody based on a murine anti-human CD3 antibody yCD3. However, the mechanism by which mini-yCD3 sup...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2009.10.016
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immunomodulatory properties of mannose-binding lectins ConBr (Canavalia brasiliensis) and CFL (Cratylia argentea) were investigated comparatively in a model of Salmonella infection. The lectins were intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered to mice daily for three days before the bacterial challenge with Salmonella en...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2015.12.036
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00