Abstract：
:An increasing number of drugs of abuse are sold word wide over the internet. Names like "legal highs", "herbal highs" etc. give the impression that these are safe products, although the risk of fatal reactions might be substantial. Leaves from the plant Mitragyna speciosa, contain active compounds like mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. It has been reported that the potency of 7-hydroxymitragynine at the μ-opioid receptor is 30 times higher than that of mitragynine and 17 times higher than that of morphine. Case reports regarding poisoning with Kratom are reported, but the toxic or lethal ranges for the concentrations of the active substances have not been established, and concentrations of 7-hydroxymitragynine have not been reported previously. We present a case report where a middle aged man was found dead at home. The deceased had a history of drug abuse and mental illness for several years. At autopsy, there were no significant pathological findings. Post-mortem analysis of peripheral blood revealed: zopiclone 0.043mg/L, citalopram 0.36mg/L and lamotrigine 5.4mg/L, i.e. concentrations regularly seen after therapeutic ingestion of these drugs. Additionally mitragynine 1.06mg/L and 7-hydroxymitragynine 0.15mg/L were detected in blood and both also in urine. The high concentrations of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine indicate that the cause of death is intoxication by these substances; and the circumstances point toward the manner of death being accidental. We recommend that both mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine are analyzed for in cases with suspected Kratom intoxication.
journal_name
Forensic Sci Intjournal_title
Forensic science internationalauthors
Karinen R,Fosen JT,Rogde S,Vindenes Vdoi
10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.10.025subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-12-01 00:00:00pages
e29-32eissn
0379-0738issn
1872-6283pii
S0379-0738(14)00440-Xjournal_volume
245pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The alleles present at the HLA DQ alpha locus may be typed by either allele specific oligonucleotide (ASO) probing or by restriction mapping, referred to here as amplification restriction fragment polymorphism (ARFP) analysis. ASO typing relies upon hybridization principles, whereas ARFP typing relies upon restriction...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(91)90215-5
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Establishing a person's identity can be a very difficult process. Dental, fingerprint and DNA comparisons are probably the most common techniques used in this context, allowing fast and secure identification processes. However, since they cannot always be used, sometimes it is necessary to apply different and less kno...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.04.010
更新日期：2007-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:A sensitive and specific liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI(+)-MS/MS) procedure was developed and validated for the identification and quantification of thevetin B and further cardiac glycosides in human serum. The seeds of Yellow Oleander (Thevetia peruviana) contain cardiac glycosides that can ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.02.013
更新日期：2012-02-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The UK Government decision to close its Forensic Science Service (FSS) in 2010 left the criminal justice system in England and Wales bereft of impartial, high-level scientific support. The private sector was entrusted to fill the gap and to ensure that all results were accurate, timely, fit for purpose, easy to interp...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.06.038
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The AMPFlSTR((R)) SGM Plus system is a commercially available STR multiplex produced by Applied Biosystems, a division of Perkin Elmer, Foster City, California, USA that supersedes SGM. The multiplex contains the six SGM loci, amelogenin and four additional loci. These additional loci are D3S1358, D19S433, D16S539 and...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(00)00182-1
更新日期：2000-08-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Positive (certain, absolute) identification of human remains needs a scientific comparison between ante mortem and post-mortem biologic features, as fingerprint, odontological, radiological or DNA comparisons. X-rays comparison has been extensively used, usually comparing some peculiarities such as outlines of the bon...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.09.019
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Narcotic analgesics are widely (ab) used and sometimes only occur in low concentrations in biological samples. Therefore, a highly sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous analysis of 9 narcotic analgesics and metabolites (buprenorphine, O-desmethyltramadol, fentan...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.01.047
更新日期：2012-02-10 00:00:00
abstract：:An accurate and rapid screening test for nine quaternary ammonium compounds (suxamethonium chloride, pancuronium bromide, ambenonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, distigmine bromide, methylbenactyzium bromide, neostigmine bromide, propantheline bromide and pyridostigmine bromide) by direct inlet electron impact ion...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(91)90213-3
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Age estimation is a vital aspect in creating a biological profile and aids investigators by narrowing down potentially matching identities from the available pool. In addition to routine casework, in the present global political scenario, age estimation in living individuals is required in cases of refugees, asylum se...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.04.004
更新日期：2013-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Allele frequencies of nine short tandem repeat (STR) loci, D3S1358, vWA, FGA, TH01, TPOX, CSF1PO, D5S818, D13S317 and D7S820, were determined for 127 unrelated Bangladeshi individuals and 105 unrelated Indonesian individuals using the AmpFLSTR Profiler Kit. The genotype frequency distributions of the nine STR loci wer...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00173-7
更新日期：2003-07-29 00:00:00
abstract：:In an investigation of postmortem ethanol diffusion deuterium-labeled ethanol-d6 was instilled by peroral gavage immediately after death by CO into the stomach of rat carcasses which were subsequently kept for 12-72 h at 5 or 30 degrees C. The heart blood, abdominal fluid and several tissues were collected and analyze...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(95)01820-4
更新日期：1995-12-29 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to determine whether breath alcohol elimination rate varies as a function of age, gender, and drinking practice, factorially combined. Eighty-four men and 84 women drank enough alcohol to produce peak BrACs of .110 g/210 L for heavy and moderate drinkers and BrACs of .090 g/210 L for li...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.09.017
更新日期：2013-12-10 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present work we show a forensic case study carried out in a mountainous environment. Main objective was to locate a clandestine grave which is around 10-20 years old and contains human remains of one individual and a metallic tool, probably a pick. Survey design started with an experimental burial of a pick at ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.05.019
更新日期：2011-01-30 00:00:00
abstract：:As part of a long-term project on Northeastern Brazilians, population genetic data were obtained from 323 unrelated individuals from the state of Paraíba. The loci studied were CSF1P0, TPOX, TH01, vWA, D16S539, D7S820, D13S317, D18S51, D21S11, D8S1179, F13A01, F13B and LPL. Their distributions are in Hardy-Weinberg eq...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.10.026
更新日期：2007-12-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was made on an experimental animal model of a death from anaphylaxis, in which postmortem changes in levels of histamine and 1-methylhistamine, in whole blood were measured. Instead of the usual immunological method administering compound 48/80, a degranulating agent of mast cell and the effect close...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(90)90233-o
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many studies in the forensic field have reported that analysis of DNA methylation is the most reliable method of predicting age. In a previous study, 5 CpG sites located in ELOVL2, FHL2, KLF14, C1orf132 and TRIM59 genes were tested for age prediction purposes in blood, saliva and buccal swab samples from Korean indivi...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110267
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study explores the applicability of micro-Raman spectroscopy as a non-destructive technique for the analysis of color toner printed counterfeits. The main aim of the research paper was to find out whether Raman spectroscopy is a suitable method for establishing the connection between different specimens of counte...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.10.007
更新日期：2012-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：:HLA-DQA1 and polymarker (LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, and GC) genotypic and allelic frequencies are determined for a population sample of 102 unrelated Basque individuals using PCR-based methodology. All six loci met Hardy-Weinberg expectations in at least two of the three analyses performed (HLA-DQA1 failed to meet Hardy-...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(99)00202-9
更新日期：2000-02-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The discrimination of sex is central to the process of establishing a personal identification from human skeletal remains. Previous study has demonstrated that osteometric analysis of the sternal extremity of the fourth rib provides a reasonably accurate method for assessing this biological attribute in diverse human ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.09.007
更新日期：2012-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are the main class of doping agents and their consumption produces adverse effects involving several organs and systems. Three cases of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and one of death due to congestive heart failure of previously healthy athletes who were AAS users are herein reported. C...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.10.032
更新日期：2012-04-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Pubic hair is often analyzed as an alternative to scalp hair to prove previous drug use. However, urine is a potential source of external contamination. In the present study, the concentrations of methamphetamine (MA) and amphetamine (AP) in both scalp and pubic hair from illegal MA users were compared. Furthermore, i...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.06.009
更新日期：2011-03-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The frequency distributions of eight STR loci were surveyed in 510 unrelated individuals from the Korean population ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(00)00334-0
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Allele frequency data and forensic efficiency parameters for 10 STR loci: D3S1358, vWA, D16S539, D2S1338, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D19S433, TH01 and FGA, were estimated from a sample of 207 unrelated individuals in Lodz region of Poland. ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00268-8
更新日期：2003-10-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study was to describe victim, assailant, assault characteristics for sexual assault victims according to the time between the last sexual assault and the examination, and to provide descriptive data on medico-legal findings. The study was based on 418 examined victims of sexual assault during the year 1...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00427-9
更新日期：2003-01-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Dental forensic identifications based on comparison of antemortem and postmortem radiographs provide effective and reliable evidence. There are no standardized procedures for assessing similarities between different types of dental radiographs (e.g. orthopantomograms, bitewings, and periapical radiographs), and the op...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.06.015
更新日期：2012-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The rate of suicides in road traffic fatalities is estimated at 1-8% depending on the investigated study material. Especially single-car accidents, for which no technical reason or driving error is apparent, are considered suspicious. The elucidation of suicides in road traffic is difficult if there are no relevant cl...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.11.023
更新日期：2011-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) is a special form of child abuse in which an adult repeatedly produces symptoms of illness in a person under his/her care. In most cases the perpetrators are mothers who repeatedly and in different ways produce or feign symptoms of illness in their children in order to obtain medica...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2003.07.007
更新日期：2003-11-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Over 1500 population database samples comprising African Americans, Caucasians, Hispanics, Native Americans, Chamorros and Filipinos were typed using the PowerPlex 16 and the Profiler Plus/COfiler kits. Except for the D8S1179 locus in Chamorros and Filipinos from Guam, there were eight examples in which a typing diffe...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00563-1
更新日期：2001-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The smuggling of illicit drugs by means of body packing has become a common problem at European airports. Europe is considered to be the fastest growing market for cocaine worldwide, and the air route is the most frequently used method of trafficking cocaine. Smuggling illicit drugs by use of body packing is considere...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(99)00142-5
更新日期：2000-01-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between extracellular abdominal impedance and postmortem interval (PMI) reflects the combined effects, on impedance, of postmortem cooling of the tissues and of autolysis per se. This study was performed in order to eliminate temperature change as a major factor contributing to the time course of post...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(99)00217-0
更新日期：2000-03-13 00:00:00
