Abstract:
:After the first isolation of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in 2003, this MRSA variant quickly became the predominant MRSA obtained from humans as part of the Dutch national MRSA surveillance. Previous studies have suggested that human-to-human transmission of LA-MRSA, compared to that of other MRSA lineages, rarely occurs. However, these reports describe the transmission of LA-MRSA based on epidemiology and limited molecular characterization of isolates, making it difficult to assess whether transmission actually occurred. In this study, we used whole-genome maps (WGMs) to identify possible transmission of LA-MRSA between humans. For this, we used LA-MRSA isolates originating from a 2-year prospective longitudinal cohort study in which livestock veterinarians and their household members were repeatedly sampled for the presence of S. aureus. A considerable degree of genotypic variation among LA-MRSA strains was observed. However, there was very limited variability between the maps of the isolates originating from the same veterinarian, indicating that each of the veterinarians persistently carried or had reacquired the same LA-MRSA strain. Comparison of WGMs revealed that LA-MRSA transmission had likely occurred within virtually every veterinarian household. Yet only a single LA-MRSA strain per household appeared to be involved in transmission. The results corroborate our previous finding that LA-MRSA is genetically diverse. Furthermore, this study shows that transmission of LA-MRSA between humans occurs and that carriage of LA-MRSA can be persistent, thus posing a potential risk for spread of this highly resistant pathogen in the community.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Bosch T,Verkade E,van Luit M,Landman F,Kluytmans J,Schouls LMdoi
10.1128/AEM.02803-14subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-01-01 00:00:00pages
124-9issue
1eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336pii
AEM.02803-14journal_volume
81pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Bacillus thuringiensis produces large amounts of various pesticidal proteins during the stationary phase. In order to achieve a high yield and form crystals, some pesticidal proteins require the presence of other proteins. Helper protein P20 is required for efficient production of both the Cyt1A and Cry11A crystal pro...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.67.12.5362-5369.2001
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell extracts of Trichoderma reesei exhibited dibasic endopeptidase activity toward the carboxylic side of KR, RR, and PR sequences. This activity was stimulated by the presence of Ca2+ ions and localized in vesicles of low bouyant density; it therefore exhibited some similarity to yeast Kex2. Analytical chromatofocus...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.64.9.3202-3208.1998
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is an invasive maize pest that has spread from the Americas into Africa and Asia and causes severe crop damage worldwide. Most populations of S. frugiperda show low susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ab or Cry1Ac toxins, which have been proved to be effective ag...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01580-20
更新日期:2020-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the epidemic diarrheal disease cholera, interacts with diverse environmental bacteriophages. These interactions promote genetic diversity or cause selective enrichment of phage-resistant bacterial clones. To identify bacterial genes involved in mediating the phage-resi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00008-10
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various physical and chemical parameters were monitored to evaluate their influence on the microbial communities present in composting municipal sewage sludge. Temperature, moisture content, depth, pH, protein content, total nitrogen, total carbon, lipid phosphate biomass, and the rates of microbial incorporation of s...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.50.6.1395-1403.1985
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A d-xylose reductase mutant of Pachysolen tannophilus was isolated on the basis of its poor growth on d-xylose but normal growth on xylitol and d-glucose. Fractionation of cell extracts indicated that the mutant was deficient in d-xylose reductase activity that used NADPH exclusively as a cofactor, but not in activity...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.55.11.2877-2881.1989
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cultivation-independent analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences in vaginal samples revealed two previously unrecognized, uncultivated Megasphaera-like phylotypes. Phylogenetic analysis and environmental distribution suggest that these Megasphaera types may be unique to the vaginal environment. Quantitative PCR suggests th...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02127-07
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlamydiae are important pathogens of humans and animals but diagnosis of chlamydial infections is still hampered by inadequate detection methods. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes is widely used for the investigation of uncultured bacteria in complex microbial commun...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.8.4081-4089.2002
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method is described whereby the presence of Salmonella spp. can be detected within 8 to 24 h of sample collection. The method depends upon the interaction of Salmonella spp. with the Salmonella-specific Felix-O1 bacteriophage. This interaction results in an increase in concentration of the bacteriophage which is det...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.45.1.260-264.1983
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inactivation of aflatoxin B1 was studied by using gamma radiation and hydrogen peroxide. A 100-krad dose of gamma radiation was sufficient to inactivate 50 micrograms of aflatoxin B1 in the presence of 5% hydrogen peroxide, and 400 krad was required for total degradation of 100 micrograms of aflatoxin in the same syst...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.55.2.465-467.1989
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A natural Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) isolate from Florida shares a strikingly similar genotypic composition to that of a natural Spodoptera frugiperda MNPV (SfMNPV) isolate from Nicaragua. Both isolates comprise a high proportion of large-deletion genotypes that lack genes that are essent...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03021-12
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mercury is a redox-active heavy metal that reacts with active thiols and depletes cellular antioxidants. Active resistance to the mercuric ion is a widely distributed trait among bacteria and results from the action of mercuric reductase (MerA). Protein phylogenetic analysis of MerA in bacteria indicated the occurrenc...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.12.8836-8845.2005
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Digital dermatitis (DD) is an important cause of lameness in dairy cattle worldwide. It has now been reported in beef cattle and also sheep (contagious ovine digital dermatitis [CODD]). Three Treponema phylogroups are consistently isolated from lesions, Treponema medium-like, Treponema phagedenis-like, and Treponema p...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01956-15
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The electron donor cytochrome b5 (CybE/Cyb5) fuels the activity of the ergosterol biosynthesis-related P450 enzymes/P450s by providing electrons to P450s to promote ergosterol biosynthesis. Previous studies reported that lack of Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) CybE reduces the proportion of ergosterol in total st...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02571-20
更新日期:2020-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::The rate of uptake of propanoic acid and the cell dimensions were measured for 23 yeasts differing in their resistance to weak-acid-type preservatives. Relationships between reciprocal uptake rate, reciprocal permeability, cell volume, cell area, volume/area, and the MICs of benzoic acid and propanoic acid for the yea...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.55.11.2995-2999.1989
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laccases couple the oxidation of phenolic compounds to the reduction of molecular oxygen and thus span a wide variety of applications. While laccases of eukaryotes and bacteria are well characterized, these enzymes have not been described in archaea. Here, we report the purification and characterization of a laccase (...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01757-09
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, food samples were intentionally contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7, and then DNA was isolated by using four commercial kits. The isolated DNA samples were compared by using real-time PCR detection of the Shiga toxin genes. The four kits tested worked similarly. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.3.1844-1846.2003
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poultry are considered the major reservoir for Campylobacter jejuni, a leading bacterial cause of human food-borne diarrhea. To understand the ecology of C. jejuni and develop strategies to control C. jejuni infection in the animal reservoir, we initiated studies to examine the potential role of anti-Campylobacter mat...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.67.9.3951-3957.2001
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A radioisotope method was devised to study bacterial respiratory reduction of arsenate in sediments. The following two arsenic-rich soda lakes in California were chosen for comparison on the basis of their different salinities: Mono Lake (approximately 90 g/liter) and Searles Lake (approximately 340 g/liter). Profiles...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01066-06
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Total extracted DNA from two heavily polychlorobiphenyl-contaminated soils was analyzed with respect to biphenyl dioxygenase sequences and activities. This was done by PCR amplification and cloning of a DNA segment encoding the active site of the enzyme. The translated sequences obtained fell into three similarity clu...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.07381-11
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of substrate and enzyme concentrations on the rate of saccharification of two defined insoluble cellulose substrates, Avicel (FMC Corp., Philadelphia, Pa.) and Solka-Floc (James River Co., Berlin, N.H.), by the cellulase enzyme system of Trichoderma viride was evaluated. In the assays, enzyme concentrati...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.56.8.2311-2318.1990
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clostridium perfringens food poisoning is caused mainly by enterotoxigenic type A isolates that typically possess high spore heat resistance. Previous studies have shown that alpha/beta-type small, acid-soluble proteins (SASP) play a major role in the resistance of Bacillus subtilis and C. perfringens spores to moist ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00169-08
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental studies of the human-pathogenic bacterium Campylobacter jejuni have focused on linking distributions with potential sources. However, in aquatic ecosystems, the abundance of C. jejuni may also be regulated by predation. We examine the potential for grazing by the freshwater planktonic crustacean Daphnia ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.9.5085-5088.2005
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ruminococcus albus 8 is a ruminal bacterium capable of metabolizing hemicellulose and cellulose, the major components of the plant cell wall. The enzymes that allow this bacterium to capture energy from the two polysaccharides, therefore, have potential application in plant cell wall depolymerization, a process critic...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00353-11
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cotton flowers in replicate plots in two fields near Phoenix, Ariz., were tagged in June at the beginning of the flowering period. Flowers or developing bolls from these tagged flowers were inoculated on the involucral (bracteal) nectaries with dry spores of Aspergillus flavus. The bolls were harvested as they matured...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.50.3.602-604.1985
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kidneys showing renal changes characteristic for mycotoxic porcine nephropathy were collected during the period 1 April 1982 to 31 March 1983 from 225,000 swine processed in a large slaughterhouse in the district of Poznań, Poland. Of 113 kidneys suspected of mycotoxic porcine nephropathy, 27 exhibited ochratoxin A le...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.47.6.1210-1212.1984
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Statistical models were used to predict the effects of tryptone, glucose, yeast extract (TGY) and Mn on biomass formation of the highly radioresistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans. Results suggested that glucose had marginal effect on biomass buildup, but Mn was a significant factor for biomass formation. Mn also...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.1.105-112.2000
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Xenorhabdus nematophila, a bacterium pathogenic for insects associated with the nematode Steinernema carpocapsae, releases high quantities of proteases, which may participate in the virulence against insects. Zymogram assays and cross-reactions of antibodies suggested that two distinct proteases were present. The majo...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.3.1297-1304.2002
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of DNA probes for Shiga-like toxin I (SLT-I) and SLT-II for detection of SLT-producing Escherichia coli (SLTEC) in foods and calf fecal samples was evaluated. Enrichment cultures were prepared from food or fecal samples. Colonies formed by plating of enrichment cultures were probed for SLTEC by colony hybridiz...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.56.5.1212-1215.1990
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The plasmid profiles of 619 cultures of Bacillus anthracis which had been isolated and stored between 1954 and 1989 were analyzed using the Laboratory Response Network real-time PCR assay targeting a chromosomal marker and both virulence plasmids (pXO1 and pXO2). The cultures were stored at ambient temperature on tryp...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.12.7778-7780.2005
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00