Abstract:
:The electron donor cytochrome b5 (CybE/Cyb5) fuels the activity of the ergosterol biosynthesis-related P450 enzymes/P450s by providing electrons to P450s to promote ergosterol biosynthesis. Previous studies reported that lack of Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) CybE reduces the proportion of ergosterol in total sterols and induces severe growth defects. However, the molecular characteristics of CybE and the underlying mechanism for CybE maintaining A. fumigatus growth remain poorly understood. Here, we found that CybE locates at the endoplasmic reticulum by its C-terminus with two transmembrane regions. Therefore, lack of the C-terminus of CybE is able to phenocopy a cybE deletion. Notably, cybE deletion reduced the accumulation of the sterol-rich plasma membrane domains (SRDs, the assembly platform of polarity factors/cell end markers and growth machinery) in hyphal tips and decreased membrane fluidity, which correspond to tardiness of hyphal extension and hypersensitivity to low temperature in cybE deletion mutant. Additionally, overexpressing another electron donor-heme-independent P450 reductase (CPR) significantly rescued growth defects and recovered SRD accumulation in deletion of cybE almost to the wild-type level, suggesting CybE maintaining the growth and deposition of SRDs in hyphal tips attributes to its nature as an electron donor. Protein pull-down assays revealed that CybE probably participates in metabolism and transfer of lipids, construction of cytoskeleton and mitochondria-associated energy metabolism to maintain the SRD accumulation in hyphal tips, membrane fluidity and hyphal extension. Findings in this study give a hint that inhibition of CybE may be an effective strategy for resisting the infection of the human pathogen A. fumigatusImportance Investigating the knowledge of the growth regulation in the human opportunistic pathogen A. fumigatus is conducive to design new antifungal approach. The electron donor cytochrome b5 (CybE) plays a crucial role in maintaining the normal growth of A. fumigatus, however, the potential mechanism remains elusive. Herein, we characterized the molecular features of CybE and found the C-terminus with two transmembrane domains are required for its ER localization and functions. In addition, we demonstrated that CprA, an electron donor-heme-independent P450 reductase, provides a reciprocal function for the missing cytochrome b5 protein-CybE in A. fumigatus CybE maintains the normal growth probably via supporting two crucial physiological processes, the SRD accumulation in hyphal tips and membrane fluidity. Therefore, our finding reveals the mechanisms underlying the regulatory effect of CybE on A. fumigatus growth and indicates that inhibition of CybE might be an effective approach for alleviating A. fumigatus infection.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Zhang C,Ren Y,Gao L,Gu H,Lu Ldoi
10.1128/AEM.02571-20subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-11-30 00:00:00eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336pii
AEM.02571-20pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A new bacterial xylanase belonging to family 5 of glycosyl hydrolases was identified and characterized. The xylanase, Xyn5B from Bacillus sp. strain BP-7, was active on neutral, nonsubstituted xylooligosaccharides, showing a clear difference from other GH5 xylanases characterized to date that show a requirement for me...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00871-10
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Marine bacteria play a central role in the degradation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and acrylic acid, DMS being critical to cloud formation and thereby cooling effects on the climate. High concentrations of DMSP and DMS have been reported in scleractinian coral tissues although, to da...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02567-08
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The structure and composition of the oocyst wall are primary factors determining the survival and hydrologic transport of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts outside the host. Microscopic and biochemical analyses of whole oocysts and purified oocyst walls were undertaken to better understand the inactivation kinetics and h...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02295-09
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inability of two Lactobacillus strains to ferment D-xylose was complemented by the introduction of Lactobacillus pentosus genes encoding D-xylose isomerase, D-xylulose kinase, and a D-xylose catabolism regulatory protein. This result opens the possibility of using D-xylose fermentation as a food-grade selection ma...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.9.2764-2766.1991
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stability of the plasmid pKK223-200 in Escherichia coli JM105 was studied for both free and immobilized cells during continuous culture. The relationship between plasmid copy number, xylanase activity, which was coded for by the plasmid, and growth rate and culture conditions involved complex interactions which determ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.53.7.1548-1555.1987
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To produce recombinant hemoglobin in Escherichia coli, sufficient intracellular heme must be present, or the protein folds improperly and is degraded. In this study, coexpression of human hemoglobin genes and Plesiomonas shigelloides heme transport genes enhanced recombinant hemoglobin production in E. coli BL21(DE3) ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01291-08
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vibrio cholerae, an environmental organism, is a facultative human pathogen. Here, we report the virulence profiles, comprising 18 genetic markers, of 102 clinical and 692 environmental V. cholerae strains isolated in Bangladesh between March 2004 and January 2006, showing the variability of virulence determinants wit...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01113-13
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Profiles of dissolved O(2) and methane with increasing depth were generated for Lake Washington sediment, which suggested the zone of methane oxidation is limited to the top 0.8 cm of the sediment. Methane oxidation potentials were measured for 0.5-cm layers down to 1.5 cm and found to be relatively constant at 270 to...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.12.5259-5266.2000
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The frequency of Escherichia coli infection has lead to concerns over pathogenic bacteria in our food supply and a demand for therapeutics. Glycolipids on gut cells serve as receptors for the Shiga-like toxin produced by E. coli. Oligosaccharide moiety analogues of these glycolipids can compete with receptors for the ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.4.2110-2115.2003
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of l-glutamine to l-glutamate, and it plays an important role in the production of fermented foods by enhancing the umami taste. By using the genome sequence and expressed sequence tag data available for Aspergillus oryzae RIB40, we cloned a novel glutaminase gene...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00765-12
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vibrio cholerae can shift to a "rugose" phenotype, thereby producing copious exopolysaccharide (EPS), which promotes its environmental survival and persistence. We report conditions that promote high-frequency rugose EPS production (HFRP), whereby cells switch at high frequency (up to 80%) to rugose EPS production. HF...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.11.5773-5778.2002
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cry19A operon of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan encodes two proteins, mosquitocidal Cry19A (ORF1; 75 kDa) and an ORF2 (60 kDa) of unknown function. Expression of the cry19A operon in an acrystalliferous strain of B. thuringiensis (4Q7) yielded one small crystal per cell, whereas no crystals were produced...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.06750-11
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vibrio fischeri colonizes the squid Euprymna scolopes in a mutualistic symbiosis. Hatchling squid lack these bacterial symbionts, and V. fischeri strains must compete to occupy this privileged niche. We cloned a V. fischeri gene, designated pilA, that contributes to colonization competitiveness and encodes a protein s...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.2.820-826.2003
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A variety of lactic acid bacteria were screened for their ability to produce folate intracellularly and/or extracellularly. Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Leuconostoc spp. all produced folate, while most Lactobacillus spp., with the exception of Lactobacillus plantarum, were not able to produce fo...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.8.4542-4548.2003
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ammonia-oxidizing prokaryote (AOP) community in three groundwater treatment plants and connected distribution systems was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and sequence analysis targeting the amoA gene of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA). Results demonstrated that AOB and AOA numbers increas...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00387-09
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two vomitoxin-producing isolates of Fusarium spp. were grown on cracked corn for 1 to 8 weeks at 15, 20, 25, 28, and 32 degrees C. Maximum production of vomitoxin by Fusarium graminearum Schw. NRRL 5883 occurred at 30 degrees C and 40 days, and that by Fusarium roseum Schw. NRRL 6101 occurred at 26 degrees C and 41 da...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.43.4.967-970.1982
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The maximum growth temperature, the optimal growth temperature, and the estimated normal physiological range for growth of Shewanella gelidimarina are functions of water activity (a(w)), which can be manipulated by changing the concentration of sodium chloride. The growth temperatures at the boundaries of the normal p...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.6.2422-2429.2000
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four different green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based whole-cell biosensors were created based on the DNA damage inducible SOS response of Escherichia coli in order to evaluate the sensitivity of individual SOS promoters toward genotoxic substances. Treatment with the known carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.5.2338-2346.2005
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A newly isolated rod-shaped, gram-negative anaerobic bacterium from human feces, named Julong 732, was found to be capable of metabolizing the isoflavone dihydrodaidzein to S-equol under anaerobic conditions. The metabolite, equol, was identified by using electron impact ionization mass spectrometry, (1)H and (13)C nu...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.1.214-219.2005
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) was detected in 2003 and rapidly became the predominant MRSA clade in the Netherlands. Studies have shown that transmissions are difficult to identify, since this MRSA variant represents a genetically homogenous clade when current typ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00773-16
更新日期:2016-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a pathogen of young salmon and trout. Viral epizootics among these fish in private and public rearing facilities have been a problem in the northwestern United States from California to Alaska, and an IHNV vaccine has been sought by the aquaculture experts. Since an IH...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.5.1372-1378.1991
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial plasmolytic response to osmotic stress was evaluated as a physical indicator of membrane integrity and hence cellular viability. Digital image analysis and either low-magnification dark-field, high-magnification phase-contrast, or confocal laser microscopy, in conjunction with pulse application of a 1.5 M Na...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.62.11.3939-3947.1996
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Selective adhesion to only certain epithelia is particularly common among the bacterial members of the indigenous microflora of mammals. We have found that the stratified squamous epithelium of the nonsecreting area of horse stomach is colonized by gram-positive rods. The microscopic features of a dense layer of these...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.11.5030-5034.2000
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of trichloroethene (TCE; 0 to 65 mg/liter) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA; 0 to 103 mg/liter) on methane consumption of a mixed culture of methane-oxidizing bacteria was studied in laboratory batch experiments. Increasing concentrations of TCE or 1,1,1-TCA resulted in decreasing methane consumption...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.56.8.2488-2493.1990
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A plasmid marker rescue system based on restoration of the nptII gene was established in Streptococcus gordonii to study the transfer of bacterial and transgenic plant DNA by transformation. In vitro studies revealed that the marker rescue efficiency depends on the type of donor DNA. Plasmid and chromosomal DNA of bac...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.10.6121-6127.2003
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii) are active for a scant 3 to 5 months of the year. During the active season, adult squirrels compete for mates, reproduce, and fatten in preparation for hibernation, while juvenile squirrels, weaned in early July, must grow and acquire sufficient fat to survive their first ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00737-14
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genus Bradyrhizobium has been considered to be a taxonomically difficult group. In this study, phylogenetics and evolutionary genetics analyses were used to investigate divergence levels among Bradyrhizobium strains nodulating soybeans in China. Eleven genospecies were identified by sequence analysis of three phyl...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00044-14
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report describes the use of an oligonucleotide macroarray to profile the expression of 375 genes in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IL1403 during heat, acid, and osmotic stress. A set of known stress-associated genes in IL1403 was used as the internal control on the array. Every stress response was accurately de...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.70.11.6738-6747.2004
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lowering the pH in bacterium-based succinate fermentation is considered a feasible approach to reduce total production costs. Newly isolated Enterobacter aerogenes strain AJ110637, a rapid carbon source assimilator under weakly acidic (pH 5.0) conditions, was selected as a platform for succinate production. Our previo...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03213-14
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 18 of 40 processed broiler carcasses and 134 of 327 cloacal swabs obtained at four processing plants in Sydney, Australia. Three of four flocks examined carried C. jejuni. Eighty-two percent of chicken and 98% of human isolates from the area were of identical biotypes. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.43.5.1219-1220.1982
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00