Abstract:
:High-aspect ratio nanostructures such as nanowires and nanotubes are a powerful new tool for accessing the cell interior for delivery and sensing. Controlling and optimizing cellular access is a critical challenge for this new technology, yet even the most basic aspect of this process, whether these structures directly penetrate the cell membrane, is still unknown. Here we report the first quantification of hollow nanowires-nanostraws-that directly penetrate the membrane by observing dynamic ion delivery from each 100-nm diameter nanostraw. We discover that penetration is a rare event: 7.1±2.7% of the nanostraws penetrate the cell to provide cytosolic access for an extended period for an average of 10.7±5.8 penetrations per cell. Using time-resolved delivery, the kinetics of the first penetration event are shown to be adhesion dependent and coincident with recruitment of focal adhesion-associated proteins. These measurements provide a quantitative basis for understanding nanowire-cell interactions, and a means for rapidly assessing membrane penetration.
journal_name
Nat Communjournal_title
Nature communicationsauthors
Xu AM,Aalipour A,Leal-Ortiz S,Mekhdjian AH,Xie X,Dunn AR,Garner CC,Melosh NAdoi
10.1038/ncomms4613subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-04-07 00:00:00pages
3613issn
2041-1723pii
ncomms4613journal_volume
5pub_type
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