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Highly explosive basaltic eruptions driven by CO2 exsolution.

Abstract：

:The most explosive basaltic scoria cone eruption yet documented (>20 km high plumes) occurred at Sunset Crater (Arizona) ca. 1085 AD by undetermined eruptive mechanisms. We present melt inclusion analysis, including bubble contents by Raman spectroscopy, yielding high total CO2 (approaching 6000 ppm) and S (~2000 ppm) with moderate H2O (~1.25 wt%). Two groups of melt inclusions are evident, classified by bubble vol%. Modeling of post-entrapment modification indicates that the group with larger bubbles formed as a result of heterogeneous entrapment of melt and exsolved CO2 and provides evidence for an exsolved CO2 phase at magma storage depths of ~15 km. We argue that this exsolved CO2 phase played a critical role in driving this explosive eruption, possibly analogous to H2O exsolution driving silicic caldera-forming eruptions. Because of their distinct gas compositions relative to silicic magmas (high S and CO2), even modest volume explosive basaltic eruptions could impact the atmosphere.

journal_name

Nat Commun

journal_title

Nature communications

authors

Allison CM,Roggensack K,Clarke AB

doi

10.1038/s41467-020-20354-2

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2021-01-11 00:00:00

pages

217

issue

1

issn

2041-1723

pii

10.1038/s41467-020-20354-2

journal_volume

12

pub_type

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