Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Recent changes in the legality of cannabis have prompted evaluation of whether blood levels of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or its metabolites could be used to substantiate impairment, particularly related to behavioral tasks such as driving. However, because marked tolerance develops to behavioral effects of THC, the applicability of a particular threshold of blood THC as an index of impairment in people with different patterns of use remains unclear. Studies relevant to this issue are difficult to accomplish in humans, as prior drug exposure is difficult to control. METHODS:Here, effects of THC to decrease rectal temperature and operant response rate compared to levels of THC and its metabolites were studied in blood in two groups of monkeys: one received intermittent treatment with THC (0.1 mg/kg i.v. every 3-4 days) and another received chronic THC (1 mg/kg/12 h s.c.) for several years. RESULTS:In monkeys with intermittent THC exposure, a single dose of THC (3.2 mg/kg s.c.) decreased rectal temperature and response rate. The same dose did not affect response rate or rectal temperature in chronically exposed monkeys, indicative of greater tolerance. In both groups, blood levels of THC peaked 20-60 min post-injection and had a similar half-life of elimination, indicating no tolerance to the pharmacokinetics of THC. Notably, in both groups, the behavioral effects of THC were not apparent when blood levels were maximal (20-min post-administration). CONCLUSION:These data indicate that thresholds for blood levels of THC do not provide a consistent index of behavioral impairment across individuals with different patterns of THC exposure.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Dependjournal_title
Drug and alcohol dependenceauthors
Ginsburg BC,Hruba L,Zaki A,Javors MA,McMahon LRdoi
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.696subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-06-01 00:00:00pages
1-8eissn
0376-8716issn
1879-0046pii
S0376-8716(14)00751-0journal_volume
139pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite calls for non-abstinence endpoints in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for cocaine use disorder, there is a lack of data validating non-abstinence endpoints. We conducted a clinical validation of reduction in cocaine frequency level as a non-abstinence endpoint in RCTs for cocaine use disorder (CUD)...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107648
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the influence of education on smoking status in a cohort (n=316) of pregnant women who were smokers at the time they learned of the current pregnancy. Subjects were participants in clinical trials examining the efficacy of monetary-based incentives for smoking-cessation and relapse prevention. In m...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
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abstract::Previous studies have demonstrated that administration of nonspecific opioid antagonists such as naltrexone or naloxone reduces ethanol-induced locomotor activity in mice. However, because of their broad pharmacological profile, it remains unclear through which opioid receptor this antagonism is achieved. Therefore, t...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
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abstract:BACKGROUND:There is concern that medical marijuana laws (MMLs) could negatively affect adolescents. To better understand these policies, we assess how adolescent exposure to MMLs is related to educational attainment. METHODS:Data from the 2000 Census and 2001-2014 American Community Surveys were restricted to individu...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite evidence that many people engage in solitary drinking and that it might be associated with negative consequences, to date, little research has focused on this form of drinking behaviour. This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with solitary drinking, and assessed whether it is linke...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.017
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(88)90016-6
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
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doi:10.1016/0376-8716(84)90027-9
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
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doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.10.013
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
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doi:10.1016/0376-8716(93)90033-m
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.040
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1997-08-25 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2004-12-07 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
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