Abstract:
:Halazepam administered chronically to dogs in oral doses of 180 and 450 mg/kg/day produced physical dependence which was revealed by a flumazenil precipitated abstinence syndrome and measured by the Nordiazepam Precipitated Abstinence Scale score (NPAS) (McNicholas et al., 1988; Sloan et al., 1990). This abstinence as measured by the NPAS score was more severe in diazepam- and halazepam-dependent than in nordiazepam-dependent dogs whereas the incidence of precipitated clonic seizures was greater in the diazepam- and nordiazepam-dependent than in the halazepam-dependent dogs. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that in the dog the major conversion of halazepam, like diazepam, was to nordiazepam and an oxazepam conjugate. Appreciable quantities of oxazepam, 3-OH halazepam and its conjugated metabolite were also identified in plasma. The NPAS score obtained in the halazepam-dependent dogs, however, was greater than the NPAS score obtained in nordiazepam-dependent dogs who had nordiazepam plasma levels over three times higher than those obtained in the halazepam-dependent dogs. Further, the precipitated abstinence observed in the halazepam-, diazepam- and nordiazepam-dependent dogs differed in qualitative as well as in quantitative aspects including marked differences in the time course of abstinence signs. These data argue that the different dependencies produced by halazepam, diazepam and nordiazepam are not due solely to either the parent compound or to a single metabolite but most likely to their combined effects.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Dependjournal_title
Drug and alcohol dependenceauthors
Sloan JW,Martin WR,Wala E,Dickey KMdoi
10.1016/0376-8716(91)90058-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-10-01 00:00:00pages
249-64issue
3eissn
0376-8716issn
1879-0046pii
0376-8716(91)90058-7journal_volume
28pub_type
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
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doi:10.1016/0376-8716(77)90009-6
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
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更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Although both men and women use e-cigarettes, most preclinical nicotine research has focused on its effects in male rodents following injection. The goals of the present study were to develop an effective e-cigarette nicotine delivery system, to compare results to those obtained after subcutaneous (s.c.) inj...
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doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.004
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doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(02)00323-x
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.12.012
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(80)90019-8
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
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doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00171-x
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(87)90034-2
更新日期:1987-11-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(88)90004-x
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.06.019
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107685
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(91)90004-i
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2007-11-02 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.10.022
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.002
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.05.003
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107922
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107675
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Little is known about the relative severity or typical sequence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) symptoms of nicotine dependence. Using data from the National Comorbidity Study (NCS), the current study used a Rasch logistic item response model to assess the unidimensionality of the construct of nicotine d...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2003-11-24 00:00:00