Abstract:
:A simple method has been developed for fusing synaptic vesicles into spherical structures 20-50 micron in diameter. The method has been applied to purified cholinergic synaptic vesicles from Torpedo electric organ, and the membrane properties of these fused structures have been studied by the "cell"-attached version of the patch clamp technique. A large conductance potassium-preferring channel, termed the P channel, was consistently observed in preparations of fused synaptic vesicles. The selectivity of the channel for potassium over sodium was approximately equal to 2.8-fold. Two major conductance levels were observed during P-channel activity, and their relative proportion was dependent on the voltage applied to the membrane through the patch pipette. P channels were not seen in fused preparations of purified Torpedo lipids, nor was the frequency of their occurrence increased in preparations enriched with plasma membrane or nonvesicular membranes. We suggest, therefore, that the P channels are components of the synaptic vesicle membrane. Their function in synaptic transmission physiology is still unknown.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Rahamimoff R,DeRiemer SA,Sakmann B,Stadler H,Yakir Ndoi
10.1073/pnas.85.14.5310subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-07-01 00:00:00pages
5310-4issue
14eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
85pub_type
杂志文章abstract::One of the factors required for the antiviral activity of the synthetic nucleoside, ribavirin (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide), is the ability of the molecule to adopt the substrate conformation specified by the enzyme for which it is a competitive inhibitor, inosine 5'-phosphate dehydrogenase (IM...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.12.4257
更新日期:1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::An argument is presented in favor of the hypothesis that, bovine carboxypeptidases A and B fit by and large, the concept of homology on the levels of both amino acid sequence and three-dimensional structure. Two peptide sequences from carboxypeptidases A and B, comprising 46 amino acid residues, display structural hom...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.63.2.406
更新日期:1969-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new common cell-surface antigen associated with murine and feline C-type RNA leukemia viruses was demonstrated by the use of rabbit antiserum against feline leukemia virus and the indirect membrane immunofluorescence test. Common cell-surface antigen was found in all leukemias of all strains of mice tested, in norma...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.70.6.1878
更新日期:1973-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using the technique of DNA fingerprinting, we investigated the genetic structure within and among four wild-caught colonies (n = 50 individuals) of a eusocial mammal, the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber; Rodentia: Bathyergidae). We found that DNA fingerprints of colony-mates were strikingly similar and that betw...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.7.2496
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their charac...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1901169116
更新日期:2019-08-27 00:00:00
abstract::One of the enduring problems in the study of social evolution has been to understand how cooperation can be maintained in the presence of freeloaders, individuals that take advantage of the more cooperative members of groups they are eager to join. The freeloader problem has been particularly troublesome when groups c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.212408299
更新日期:2002-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::The trans-synaptic induction of tyrosine hydroxylase [tyrosine 3-monooxygenase; EC 1.14.16.2, L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine: oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)] in adrenal medulla and sympathetic ganglia by short-term (1-2 hr) cold stress (4 degrees) exhibits a circadian rhythm which seems to be causally relate...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.4.1415
更新日期:1975-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study of behavior and structure indicates that highly eusocial behavior arose twice in the bees--i.e., in the stingless bees (Meliponinae) and in the honeybees (Apinae). Morphological features demonstrate the distinctiveness of these two groups and the relationship of the latter to bumblebees (Bombini) and orchid be...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.3.1135
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent demonstrations of correlated low-frequency MRI signal variations between subregions of the spinal cord at rest in humans, similar to those found in the brain, suggest that such resting-state functional connectivity constitutes a common feature of the intrinsic organization of the entire central nervous system. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1424106112
更新日期:2015-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::PCR was used to isolate nucleotide sequences that may encode novel members of the neuropeptide Y receptor family. By use of a PCR product as a hybridization probe, a full-length human cDNA was isolated that encodes a 375-aa protein with a predicted membrane topology identifying it as a member of the G-protein-coupled ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.10.4661
更新日期:1996-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::How pathogenic cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) develop remains poorly understood. We used Nur77-a marker of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling-to identify antigen-activated CD4 T cells in the SKG mouse model of autoimmune arthritis and in patients with RA. Using a fluoresce...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1904271116
更新日期:2019-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress is a ubiquitous threat to all aerobic organisms and has been implicated in numerous pathological conditions such as cancer. Here we demonstrate a pivotal role for E2F1, a cell cycle regulatory transcription factor, in cell tolerance of oxidative stress. Cells lacking E2F1 are hypersensitive to oxidati...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1921554117
更新日期:2020-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Yeast to directly convert cellulose and, especially, the microcrystalline cellulose into bioethanol, was engineered through display of minicellulosomes on the cell surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The construction and cell surface attachment of cellulosomes were accomplished with two individual miniscaffoldins to ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1209856109
更新日期:2012-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::In the antennal lobe of Drosophila, information about odors is transferred from olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) to projection neurons (PNs), which then send axons to neurons in the lateral horn of the protocerebrum (LHNs) and to Kenyon cells (KCs) in the mushroom body. The transformation from ORN to PN responses can...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1005635107
更新日期:2010-06-08 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in the gene encoding the endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB) produce congenital aganglionic megacolon and pigment abnormalities in mice and humans. Here we report a naturally occurring null mutation of the EDNRB gene in spotting lethal (sl) rats, which exhibit aganglionic megacolon associated with white coat ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.2.867
更新日期:1996-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::In the hippocampus, a CA3 pyramidal cell forms excitatory synapses with thousands of other pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons. By using sequential paired recordings from three connected cells, we show that the presynaptic properties of CA3 pyramidal cell terminals, belonging to the same axon, differ according...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.20.12004
更新日期:1998-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::CSB/ERCC6 belongs to an orphan subfamily of SWI2/SNF2-related chromatin remodelers and plays crucial roles in gene expression, DNA damage repair, and the maintenance of genome integrity. The molecular basis of chromatin remodeling by Cockayne syndrome B protein (CSB) is not well understood. Here we investigate the mol...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1818163116
更新日期:2019-03-26 00:00:00
abstract::We identified previously in vitro LRP4 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4) as a facilitator of the WNT (Wingless-type) antagonist sclerostin and found mutations disrupting this function to be associated with high bone mass in humans similar to patients lacking sclerostin. To further delineate the role...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1413828111
更新日期:2014-12-02 00:00:00
abstract::Oil-in-water emulsions are potent human adjuvants used for effective pandemic influenza vaccines; however, their mechanism of action is still unknown. By combining microarray and immunofluorescence analysis, we monitored the effects of the adjuvants MF59 oil-in-water emulsion, CpG, and alum in the mouse muscle. MF59 i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0804699105
更新日期:2008-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::Whether mitotic structures like the centrosome can self-organize from the regulated mobility of their dynamic protein components remains unclear. Here, we combine fluorescence spectroscopy and chemical genetics to study in living cells the diffusion of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), an enzyme critical for centrosome matur...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1101112108
更新日期:2011-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::High-performance anion-exchange (HPAE) chromatography under alkaline conditions (pH congruent to 13) has been found to efficiently separate neutral oligosaccharides (triose to undecaose) according to molecular size, sugar composition, and linkage of monosaccharide units. The method was able to resolve 1----3, 1----4, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.10.3289
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The structure of HIV-1 Psi-RNA has been elucidated by a concerted approach combining structural probes with mass spectrometric detection (MS3D), which is not affected by the size and crystallization properties of target biomolecules. Distance constraints from bifunctional cross-linkers provided the information require...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0800509105
更新日期:2008-08-26 00:00:00
abstract::Equity is of fundamental concern in the quest for international cooperation to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations by the reduction of emissions. By modeling the carbon cycle, we estimate the global CO(2) emissions that would be required to stabilize the atmospheric concentration of CO(2) at levels ranging from 45...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.081078998
更新日期:2001-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::The elucidation of the mechanisms of antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules has stimulated the search for nonreplicative vectors that could deliver CD8+ T cell epitopes to the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells to trigger the activation of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.7.3314
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent data indicate that sustained elevations in plasma insulin suppress the mRNA for IRS-2, a component of the insulin signaling pathway in liver, and that this deficiency contributes to hepatic insulin resistance and inappropriate gluconeogenesis. Here, we use nuclear run-on assays to show that insulin inhibits tra...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.071054598
更新日期:2001-03-27 00:00:00
abstract::In previous papers of this series, emphasis has been placed on the steady-state phase transition and critical properties of large lattices of interacting, symmetrical, and identical enzyme molecules. The present paper is concerned with a number of examples of enzyme--enzyme interactions that do not belong to the class...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.3.1101
更新日期:1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4), a transmembrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is a recently identified negative regulator of the ER-associated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)65 isomerase necessary for recycling 11-cis-retinal, the light-sensitive chromophore of both rod and cone opsin visual pigm...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2012623117
更新日期:2020-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Mutational inactivation of the retinoblastoma (RB) gene has been implicated in the genesis of retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, and other human tumors. Our strategy has been to characterize naturally occurring mutants from tumor cells to pinpoint potential domains of RB protein crucial for tumor suppression. We show here ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.1.6
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Speech recognition involves three processes: extraction of acoustic indices from the speech signal, estimation of the probability that the observed index string was caused by a hypothesized utterance segment, and determination of the recognized utterance via a search among hypothesized alternatives. This paper is not ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.22.9964
更新日期:1995-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::A key challenge in ecology is to define species' niches on the basis of functional traits. Size and shape are important determinants of a species' niche but their causal role is often difficult to interpret. For endotherms, size and shape define the thermal niche through their interaction with core temperature, insula...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0907321106
更新日期:2009-11-17 00:00:00