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Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe.

Abstract：

:Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local European wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution from the Near East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained mtDNA sequences from 2,099 modern and ancient pig samples and 63 nuclear ancient genomes from Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses revealed that European domestic pigs dating from 7,100 to 6,000 y BP possessed both Near Eastern and European nuclear ancestry, while later pigs possessed no more than 4% Near Eastern ancestry, indicating that gene flow from European wild boars resulted in a near-complete disappearance of Near East ancestry. In addition, we demonstrate that a variant at a locus encoding black coat color likely originated in the Near East and persisted in European pigs. Altogether, our results indicate that while pigs were not independently domesticated in Europe, the vast majority of human-mediated selection over the past 5,000 y focused on the genomic fraction derived from the European wild boars, and not on the fraction that was selected by early Neolithic farmers over the first 2,500 y of the domestication process.

journal_name

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

journal_title

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors

Frantz LAF,Haile J,Lin AT,Scheu A,Geörg C,Benecke N,Alexander M,Linderholm A,Mullin VE,Daly KG,Battista VM,Price M,Gron KJ,Alexandri P,Arbogast RM,Arbuckle B,Bӑlӑşescu A,Barnett R,Bartosiewicz L,Baryshnikov G,Bons

doi

10.1073/pnas.1901169116

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-08-27 00:00:00

pages

17231-17238

issue

eissn

0027-8424

issn

1091-6490

pii

1901169116

journal_volume

116

pub_type

历史文章,杂志文章

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Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe.