Abstract:
:The trans-synaptic induction of tyrosine hydroxylase [tyrosine 3-monooxygenase; EC 1.14.16.2, L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine: oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)] in adrenal medulla and sympathetic ganglia by short-term (1-2 hr) cold stress (4 degrees) exhibits a circadian rhythm which seems to be causally related to the diurnal changes in adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis. In induction is maximal during the morning hours, when plasma corticoid concentrations (reflecting corticoid synthesis in the adrenal cortex) are minimal. In contrast, initiation of tyrosine hydroxylase induction in sympathetic ganglia is only possible in the afternoon. These observations suggest that tyrosine hydroxylase inducibility in the adrenal medulla is optimal during periods of low corticoid synthesis (the adrenal medulla is exposed to excessively high corticoid concentrations directly originating from the adjacent cortex), whereas in sympathetic ganglia an induction is only possible during the period of high plasma corticoid concentrations. This assumption is supported by the observation that in the first postnatal weeks, when the pituitary--adrenocortical system is not yet operating and plasma corticoid concentrations are low, initiation of tyrosine hydroxylase induction in the adrenal medulla is possible at any time of the day, whereas in sympathetic ganglia it is not possible at all. However, after administration of glycocorticoids initiation of tyrosine hydroxylase induction by short-term cold stress is also possible in newborn animals and in adults during the morning hours. The importance of glucocorticoids as modulators for the initiation of trans-synaptic tyrosine hydroxylase induction can also be deduced from the observation that in sympathetic ganglia kept in organ cultures and induction of the hydroxylase by cholinomimetics is only possible when glycocorticoids are added to the culture medium.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Otten U,Thoenen Hdoi
10.1073/pnas.72.4.1415subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1975-04-01 00:00:00pages
1415-9issue
4eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
72pub_type
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