当前位置： SCI文献检索 > PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA期刊下所有文献 > On strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

On strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Abstract：

:Equity is of fundamental concern in the quest for international cooperation to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations by the reduction of emissions. By modeling the carbon cycle, we estimate the global CO(2) emissions that would be required to stabilize the atmospheric concentration of CO(2) at levels ranging from 450 to 1,000 ppm. These are compared, on both an absolute and a per-capita basis, to scenarios for emissions from the developed and developing worlds generated by socio-economic models under the assumption that actions to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions are not taken. Need and equity have provided strong arguments for developing countries to request that the developed world takes the lead in controlling its emissions, while permitting the developing countries in the meantime to use primarily fossil fuels for their development. Even with major and early control of CO(2) emissions by the developed world, limiting concentration to 450 ppm implies that the developing world also would need to control its emissions within decades, given that we expect developing world emissions would otherwise double over this time. Scenarios leading to CO(2) concentrations of 550 ppm exhibit a reduction of the developed world's per-capita emission by about 50% over the next 50 years. Even for the higher stabilization levels considered, the developing world would not be able to use fossil fuels for their development in the manner that the developed world has used them.

journal_name

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

journal_title

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors

Bolin B,Kheshgi HS

doi

10.1073/pnas.081078998

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2001-04-24 00:00:00

pages

4850-4

issue

9

eissn

0027-8424

issn

1091-6490

pii

081078998

journal_volume

98

pub_type

杂志文章

相关文献

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA文献大全
  • Interactions between DSIF (DRB sensitivity inducing factor), NELF (negative elongation factor), and the Drosophila RNA polymerase II transcription elongation complex.

    abstract：:Negative elongation factor (NELF) and 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole sensitivity-inducing factor (DSIF) are involved in pausing RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) in the promoter-proximal region of the hsp70 gene in Drosophila, before heat shock induction. Such blocks in elongation are widespread in the Dros...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.1000681107

    authors： Missra A,Gilmour DS

    更新日期：2010-06-22 00:00:00

  • A role for Arf1 in mitotic Golgi disassembly, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis.

    abstract：:In mitosis, chromosome, cytoskeleton, and organelle dynamics must be coordinated for successful cell division. Here, we present evidence for a role for Arf1, a small GTPase associated with the Golgi apparatus, in the orchestration of mitotic Golgi breakdown, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis. We show that early ...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.2234055100

    authors： Altan-Bonnet N,Phair RD,Polishchuk RS,Weigert R,Lippincott-Schwartz J

    更新日期：2003-11-11 00:00:00

  • Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE1 is an RNA Slicer that selectively recruits microRNAs and short interfering RNAs.

    abstract：:ARGONAUTE (AGO) RNA-binding proteins are involved in RNA silencing. They bind to short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) through a conserved PAZ domain, and, in animals, they assemble into a multisubunit RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The mammalian AGO2, termed Slicer, directs siRNA- and miRNA-me...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.0505461102

    authors： Baumberger N,Baulcombe DC

    更新日期：2005-08-16 00:00:00

  • Statistical analysis of shape through triangulation of landmarks: A study of sexual dimorphism in hominids.

    abstract：:Two objects with homologous landmarks are said to be of the same shape if the configuration of landmarks of one object can be exactly matched with that of the other by translation, rotation/reflection, and scaling. In an earlier paper, the authors proposed statistical analysis of shape by considering logarithmic diffe...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.95.8.4121

    authors： Rao CR,Suryawanshi S

    更新日期：1998-04-14 00:00:00

  • DNA bending and unbending by MutS govern mismatch recognition and specificity.

    abstract：:DNA mismatch repair is central to the maintenance of genomic stability. It is initiated by the recognition of base-base mismatches and insertion/deletion loops by the family of MutS proteins. Subsequently, ATP induces a unique conformational change in the MutS-mismatch complex but not in the MutS-homoduplex complex th...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.2433654100

    authors： Wang H,Yang Y,Schofield MJ,Du C,Fridman Y,Lee SD,Larson ED,Drummond JT,Alani E,Hsieh P,Erie DA

    更新日期：2003-12-09 00:00:00

  • Hollow core of Alzheimer's Abeta42 amyloid observed by cryoEM is relevant at physiological pH.

    abstract：:Recent cryoEM density maps of Abeta(42) fibrils obtained at low pH revealed two protofilaments winding around a hollow core raising the question if such tubular structures also exist at physiological pH. Based on the cryoEM measurements and on NMR data, we probe amyloid fibril organizations corresponding to the observ...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.1004704107

    authors： Miller Y,Ma B,Tsai CJ,Nussinov R

    更新日期：2010-08-10 00:00:00

  • Yeast plasmid 2-micron circle promotes recombination within bacterial transposon Tn5.

    abstract：:The site-specific recombination system (FLP) encoded by the yeast plasmid 2-micron circle can also act in yeast on the inverted repeats of the bacterial transposon Tn5. The efficiency of this recombination is dependent on the location of Tn5 within the 2-micron circle genome but can be as high as that observed for 2-m...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.80.23.7264

    authors： Jayaram M,Broach JR

    更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

  • VMAT2 knockout mice: heterozygotes display reduced amphetamine-conditioned reward, enhanced amphetamine locomotion, and enhanced MPTP toxicity.

    abstract：:The brain vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) pumps monoamine neurotransmitters and Parkinsonism-inducing dopamine neurotoxins such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-phenypyridinium (MPP+) from neuronal cytoplasm into synaptic vesicles, from which amphetamines cause their release. Amphetamines and MPP+ each also act at nonvesi...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.94.18.9938

    authors： Takahashi N,Miner LL,Sora I,Ujike H,Revay RS,Kostic V,Jackson-Lewis V,Przedborski S,Uhl GR

    更新日期：1997-09-02 00:00:00

  • Mapping of polypeptides encoded by the Epstein-Barr virus genome in productive infection.

    abstract：:Over 30 viral-specified polypeptides are translated in vitro from RNA of cells productively infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The polypeptides map to sites in EBV DNA by hybrid selection. Almost all of the polypeptides are reactive with EBV immune human serum. Several of the polypeptides are part of the early an...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.79.18.5698

    authors： Hummel M,Kieff E

    更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00

  • Functional neuroanatomical double dissociation of mnemonic and executive control processes contributing to working memory performance.

    abstract：:We used event-related functional MRI to investigate the neural bases of two categories of mental processes believed to contribute to performance of an alphabetization working memory task: memory storage and memory manipulation. Our delayed-response tasks required memory for the identity and position-in-the-display of ...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.96.22.12959

    authors： Postle BR,Berger JS,D'Esposito M

    更新日期：1999-10-26 00:00:00

  • Feedback-inducible nuclear-receptor-driven reporter gene expression in transgenic mice.

    abstract：:Understanding nuclear receptor signaling in vivo would be facilitated by an efficient methodology to determine where a nuclear receptor is active. Herein, we present a feedback-inducible expression system in transgenic mice to detect activated nuclear receptor effector proteins by using an inducible reporter gene. Wit...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.96.23.13270

    authors： Mata De Urquiza A,Solomin L,Perlmann T

    更新日期：1999-11-09 00:00:00

  • Gene expression distribution deconvolution in single-cell RNA sequencing.

    abstract：:Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables the quantification of each gene's expression distribution across cells, thus allowing the assessment of the dispersion, nonzero fraction, and other aspects of its distribution beyond the mean. These statistical characterizations of the gene expression distribution are cri...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.1721085115

    authors： Wang J,Huang M,Torre E,Dueck H,Shaffer S,Murray J,Raj A,Li M,Zhang NR

    更新日期：2018-07-10 00:00:00

  • cDNA isolated from a human T-cell library encodes a member of the protein-tyrosine-phosphatase family.

    abstract：:A human peripheral T-cell cDNA library was screened with two labeled synthetic oligonucleotides encoding regions of a human placenta protein-tyrosine-phosphatase (protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.48). One positive clone was isolated and the nucleotide sequence was determined. It contained 1305 bas...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.86.14.5257

    authors： Cool DE,Tonks NK,Charbonneau H,Walsh KA,Fischer EH,Krebs EG

    更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

  • OSR1 regulates a subset of inward rectifier potassium channels via a binding motif variant.

    abstract：:The with-no-lysine (K) (WNK) signaling pathway to STE20/SPS1-related proline- and alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) and oxidative stress-responsive 1 (OSR1) kinase is an important mediator of cell volume and ion transport. SPAK and OSR1 associate with upstream kinases WNK 1-4, substrates, and other proteins through their C-t...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.1802339115

    authors： Taylor CA 4th,An SW,Kankanamalage SG,Stippec S,Earnest S,Trivedi AT,Yang JZ,Mirzaei H,Huang CL,Cobb MH

    更新日期：2018-04-10 00:00:00

  • Identification of a functional transposase of the Tol2 element, an Ac-like element from the Japanese medaka fish, and its transposition in the zebrafish germ lineage.

    abstract：:The Tol2 element of the medaka fish Oryzias latipes belongs to the hAT family of transposons (hobo/Ac/Tam3). We report here identification of a functional transposase of Tol2 that is capable of catalyzing its transposition in the germ line of zebrafish Danio rerio. A transcript produced from Tol2 encodes a putative tr...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.97.21.11403

    authors： Kawakami K,Shima A,Kawakami N

    更新日期：2000-10-10 00:00:00

  • Dephosphorylation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factor is regulated by an RNA-protein scaffold complex.

    abstract：:Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) proteins are Ca(2+)-regulated transcription factors that control gene expression in many cell types. NFAT proteins are heavily phosphorylated and reside in the cytoplasm of resting cells; when cells are stimulated by a rise in intracellular Ca(2+), NFAT proteins are dephospho...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.1019711108

    authors： Sharma S,Findlay GM,Bandukwala HS,Oberdoerffer S,Baust B,Li Z,Schmidt V,Hogan PG,Sacks DB,Rao A

    更新日期：2011-07-12 00:00:00

  • Loss-of-function mutations in the human GLI2 gene are associated with pituitary anomalies and holoprosencephaly-like features.

    abstract：:Diminished Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling is associated with the most common forebrain defect in humans, holoprosencephaly (HPE), which includes cyclopia, a phenotype also seen in mice and other vertebrates with defective Shh signaling. The secreted protein Shh acts as a crucial factor that patterns the ventral forebr...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.2235734100

    authors： Roessler E,Du YZ,Mullor JL,Casas E,Allen WP,Gillessen-Kaesbach G,Roeder ER,Ming JE,Ruiz i Altaba A,Muenke M

    更新日期：2003-11-11 00:00:00

  • Prospective measurements of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in a cohort of elderly subjects: relationship to gender, subjective health, smoking habits, and 10-year mortality.

    abstract：:The decrease with age of the adrenal-secreted dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) in serum has suggested that it may be causally related to longevity. For the PAQUID [People (Personnes) Aged (Agées) About What (Quid, in Latin)] cohort of elderly subjects, we have previously reported higher DHEAS in men than in wome...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.121177998

    authors： Mazat L,Lafont S,Berr C,Debuire B,Tessier JF,Dartigues JF,Baulieu EE

    更新日期：2001-07-03 00:00:00

  • The antiangiogenic agent TNP-470 requires p53 and p21CIP/WAF for endothelial cell growth arrest.

    abstract：:Targeting the endothelial cell cycle as an antiangiogenic strategy has been difficult given the ubiquitous expression of critical cell cycle regulators. Here, we show that the antiangiogenic drug TNP-470 displays striking cell-type specificity insofar as it induces the expression of p21(CIP/WAF), a cyclin-dependent ki...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.97.23.12782

    authors： Yeh JR,Mohan R,Crews CM

    更新日期：2000-11-07 00:00:00

  • Rearrangement of chicken immunoglobulin genes is not an ongoing process in the embryonic bursa of Fabricius.

    abstract：:We report a molecular analysis of the chicken Ig loci in single bursal follicles from 3- to 7-week-old chickens. Each follicle contained between 10(5) and 3 X 10(5) cells. The Ig gene rearrangement patterns obtained were compared to the pattern observed with the corresponding total bursal DNA. The results obtained for...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.83.10.3336

    authors： Weill JC,Reynaud CA,Lassila O,Pink JR

    更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00

  • Optical imaging of the spatial distribution of beta-particles emerging from surfaces.

    abstract：:The multiplication in gases of ionization electrons, by the effect of the electric fields between parallel electrodes, leads to the emission of light from the molecules excited in the avalanche process. The optical imaging of this light, with intensifiers, on charge-coupled devices permits the localization, in the gas...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.86.6.1741

    authors： Charpak G,Dominik W,Zaganidis N

    更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

  • Essential role of the Ly49A stalk region for immunological synapse formation and signaling.

    abstract：:NK cells use surface NK receptors to discriminate self from non-self. The NK receptor ligand-binding domain (NKD) has been considered the sole regulator of ligand binding. Using a prototypic murine NK receptor, Ly49A, we show that the membrane proximal nonligand binding ecto-domain (the stalk region) is critical to li...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.0900664106

    authors： Ito D,Iizuka YM,Katepalli MP,Iizuka K

    更新日期：2009-07-07 00:00:00

  • African trypanosomes expressing multiple VSGs are rapidly eliminated by the host immune system.

    abstract：:Trypanosoma brucei parasites successfully evade the host immune system by periodically switching the dense coat of variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) at the cell surface. Each parasite expresses VSGs in a monoallelic fashion that is tightly regulated. The consequences of exposing multiple VSGs during an infection, in ...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.1905120116

    authors： Aresta-Branco F,Sanches-Vaz M,Bento F,Rodrigues JA,Figueiredo LM

    更新日期：2019-10-08 00:00:00

  • Coexistence of phycoerythrin and a chlorophyll a/b antenna in a marine prokaryote.

    abstract：:Prochlorococcus marinus CCMP 1375, a ubiquitous and ecologically important marine prochlorophyte, was bound to possess functional genes coding for the alpha and beta subunits of a phycobiliprotein. The latter is similar to phycoerythrins (PE) from marine Synechococcus cyanobacteria and bind a phycourobilin-like pigmen...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.93.20.11126

    authors： Hess WR,Partensky F,van der Staay GW,Garcia-Fernandez JM,Börner T,Vaulot D

    更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

  • Development and persistence of kindling epilepsy are impaired in mice lacking glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha 2.

    abstract：:Seizure activity regulates gene expression for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NRTN), and their receptor components, the transmembrane c-Ret tyrosine kinase and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored GDNF family receptor (GFR) alpha 1 and alpha 2 in limbic structures. We demonstrat...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.97.22.12312

    authors： Nanobashvili A,Airaksinen MS,Kokaia M,Rossi J,Asztély F,Olofsdotter K,Mohapel P,Saarma M,Lindvall O,Kokaia Z

    更新日期：2000-10-24 00:00:00

  • Binding to selected regions of reovirus mRNAs by a nonstructural reovirus protein.

    abstract：:When assembled into 13--19S particles, the reovirus nonstructural protein sigma-NS selectively binds single-stranded RNAs. Sedimentation analyses combined with binding to nitrocellulose membrane filters showed that 1--2 pmol of reovirus mRNAs from the large, medium, or small size classes saturated in vitro the binding...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.79.11.3457

    authors： Stamatos NM,Gomatos PJ

    更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00

  • Resistance to juvenile hormone and an insect growth regulator in Drosophila is associated with an altered cytosolic juvenile hormone-binding protein.

    abstract：:The Met mutant of Drosophila melanogaster is highly resistant to juvenile hormone III (JH III) or its chemical analog, methoprene, an insect growth regulator. Five major mechanisms of insecticide resistance were examined in Met and susceptible Met+ flies. These two strains showed only minor differences when penetratio...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.87.6.2072

    authors： Shemshedini L,Wilson TG

    更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of the protein-unfolding pathways between mitochondrial protein import and atomic-force microscopy measurements.

    abstract：:Many newly synthesized proteins have to become unfolded during translocation across biological membranes. We have analyzed the effects of various stabilization/destabilization mutations in the Ig-like module of the muscle protein titin upon its import from the N terminus or C terminus into mitochondria. The effects of...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.0504495102

    authors： Sato T,Esaki M,Fernandez JM,Endo T

    更新日期：2005-12-13 00:00:00

  • Broad spectrum of in vivo forward mutations, hypermutations, and mutational hotspots in a retroviral shuttle vector after a single replication cycle: deletions and deletions with insertions.

    abstract：:In the preceding paper we described an experiment that determined the in vivo forward mutation rate in a single replication cycle for spleen necrosis virus. In addition to substitutions, frameshifts, and hypermutations, the mutated proviruses contained two classes of deletions. One class of deletions contained short d...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.87.16.6024

    authors： Pathak VK,Temin HM

    更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

  • Formation of benzene in the interstellar medium.

    abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related species have been suggested to play a key role in the astrochemical evolution of the interstellar medium, but the formation mechanism of even their simplest building block--the aromatic benzene molecule--has remained elusive for decades. Here we demonstrate in crossed molec...

    journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1073/pnas.1012468108

    authors： Jones BM,Zhang F,Kaiser RI,Jamal A,Mebel AM,Cordiner MA,Charnley SB

    更新日期：2011-01-11 00:00:00