Abstract:
:We used event-related functional MRI to investigate the neural bases of two categories of mental processes believed to contribute to performance of an alphabetization working memory task: memory storage and memory manipulation. Our delayed-response tasks required memory for the identity and position-in-the-display of items in two- or five-letter memory sets (to identify load-sensitive regions) or memory for the identity and relative position-in-the-alphabet of items in five-letter memory sets (to identify manipulation-sensitive regions). Results revealed voxels in the left perisylvian cortex of five of five subjects showing load sensitivity (as contrasted with alphabetization-sensitive voxels in this region in only one subject) and voxels of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in all subjects showing alphabetization sensitivity (as contrasted with load-sensitive voxels in this region in two subjects). This double dissociation was reliable at the group level. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the nonmnemonic executive control processes that can contribute to working memory function are primarily prefrontal cortex-mediated whereas mnemonic processes necessary for working memory storage are primarily posteriorly mediated. More broadly, they support the view that working memory is a faculty that arises from the coordinated interaction of computationally and neuroanatomically dissociable processes.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Postle BR,Berger JS,D'Esposito Mdoi
10.1073/pnas.96.22.12959keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-10-26 00:00:00pages
12959-64issue
22eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
96pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract::The plant aquaporin plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIP) subfamily represents one of the main gateways for water exchange at the plasma membrane (PM). A fraction of this subfamily, known as PIP1, does not reach the PM unless they are coexpressed with a PIP2 aquaporin. Although ubiquitous and abundantly expressed, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1316537111
更新日期:2014-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Undesired side products of DNA transfections are usually discarded. However, here, we show that such products may provide insight into mutational events that are also a major driving force in protein evolution. While studying the small heat-shock protein alphaA-crystallin, we transfected the hamster alphaA-crystallin ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.14.8074
更新日期:1999-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial DNA of a cytoplasmic "petite" mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is reported. The DNA has a repeat length of 1060 base pairs and contains a genetic marker (oli-1) for the ATPase proteolipid. The nucleotide sequence reveals the presence of part of the structural gene of the subu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.1.131
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhomogeneous ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that vaporization of MgSiO3 is incongruent and that the vapor phase is dominated by SiO and O2 molecules. The vapor is strongly depleted in Mg at low temperature and approaches the composition of the liquid near the critical point. We find that the liquid-vap...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1719134115
更新日期:2018-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::The tumor suppressor protein p53 localizes to microtubules (MT) and, in response to DNA damage, is transported to the nucleus via the MT minus-end-directed motor protein dynein. Dynein is also responsible for MT-mediated nuclear targeting of adenovirus type 2 (Ad2). Here we show that treatment with low concentrations ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.132275599
更新日期:2002-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::Murine embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are refractory to infection by retroviruses because retroviral long terminal repeat (LTR) enhancers have little activity in EC cells. A previous report described the isolation of clonal EC cell lines that express the integrated neomycin-resistance gene (neo) linked to the Moloney ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.11.3748
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perilipin coats the lipid droplets of adipocytes and is thought to have a role in regulating triacylglycerol hydrolysis. To study the role of perilipin in vivo, we have created a perilipin knockout mouse. Perilipin null (peri(-/-)) and wild-type (peri(+/+)) mice consume equal amounts of food, but the adipose tissue ma...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.101042998
更新日期:2001-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::Alternaria solani, the causal agent of early blight disease in potato, produces two host-specific, lipidlike toxins in culture. Both compounds are required in the leaf bioassay for the elicitation of typical early blight symptoms, but the compounds are individually inactive. The procedures for the preparation of both ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.10.4935
更新日期:1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::IL-33, a cytokine of the IL-1 family, is closely associated with type II T cell responses. Here, we report an unexpected proinflammatory role of IL-33 in inflammatory arthritis. IL-33 was expressed in synovial fibroblasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Expression was markedly elevated in vitro by inflam...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0801898105
更新日期:2008-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::On illuminating chloroplasts with "short-wavelength" monochromatic light that supports oxygen evolution, spectral evidence was obtained for a new photoreactive chloroplast component, provisionally designated C550, which shows a reversible decrease of absorbance with a maximum at 550 mmu. The light-induced absorbance c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.63.3.963
更新日期:1969-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A key energy-saving adaptation to chronic hypoxia that enables cardiomyocytes to withstand severe ischemic insults is hibernation, i.e., a reversible arrest of contractile function. Whereas hibernating cardiomyocytes represent the critical reserve of dysfunctional cells that can be potentially rescued, a lack of a sui...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0707778105
更新日期:2008-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::The α-proteobacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti establishes a chronic intracellular infection during the symbiosis with its legume hosts. Within specialized host cells, S. meliloti differentiates into highly polyploid, enlarged nitrogen-fixing bacteroids. This differentiation is driven by host cells through the productio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1400450111
更新日期:2014-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::Strain OU122, a dnaB mutant of HfrH which stops vegetative DNA synthesis immediately when the temperature is shifted to 43 degrees, was mated at 43 degrees with minicells with and without 1 mM Zn2+. Synthesis of DNA was detected in the mating mixture containing minicells derived from either Fchi925 or F+chi115 cells, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.9.3721
更新日期:1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::C-tail-anchored (TA) proteins often require a transmembrane domain of moderate hydrophobicity to maintain their endoplasmic reticulum residence, but the suggested role of protein-lipid interactions in this phenomenon has not been established. Here, we studied the interaction of TA proteins with lipids by differential ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0508157102
更新日期:2005-11-08 00:00:00
abstract::Malignant spreading of cancer cells requires cell surface proteases that cleave the crosslinked collagenous matrix of connective tissues. From correlating the morphologically defined invasiveness of tumor cells with the presence of specific membrane-associated proteases, we have identified a malignant human melanoma c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.21.8296
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The magnetic microstructure of a natural, finely exsolved intergrowth of submicron magnetite blocks in an ulvöspinel matrix is characterized by using off-axis electron holography in the transmission electron microscope. Single-domain and vortex states in individual blocks, as well as magnetostatic interaction fields b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.262514499
更新日期:2002-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::An enconuclease activity that reacts with x-irradiated DNA is present in extracts of E. coli. By using centrifugal methods to monitor the conversion of the supercoiled, circular double-stranded DNA for phage phi-x-174 (replicative form) or PM2 to the relaxed circular form it was possible to quantitate the rate of radi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.6.1997
更新日期:1975-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The c-fos protooncogene is transcriptionally activated by a wide variety of agents including serum, growth factors, and phorbol esters. This induction is rapid and transient and is mediated through a number of identified promoter elements. Growth hormone (GH) is also known to induce transcription of c-fos in a variety...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.14.6721
更新日期:1993-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Establishing a timeline for the evolution of novelties is a common, unifying goal at the intersection of evolutionary and developmental biology. Analyses of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) provide the ability to understand the underlying genetic and developmental mechanisms responsible for the origin of morphological ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1610603114
更新日期:2017-06-06 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.042416199
更新日期:2002-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::The estrogen receptor (E2R) from rabbit uterus has an enhanced affinity for BrdUrd-substituted DNA compared to unsubstituted DNA. Increasing levels of BrdUrd substitution (from 0 to 100%) in a DNA sample are associated with increasingly tighter binding of E2R to that DNA as measured by equilibrium competition experime...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.10.4896
更新日期:1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have carried out free energy perturbation calculations on DNA double-stranded hexanucleotides. The sequence d(CGCGCG)2 has been "mutated" into d(CGTGCG).d(CGCACG) with the oligonucleotide in the A, B, and Z structural forms, both in vacuo and in aqueous solution. In addition, model free energy calculations have bee...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4630
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is great interest in understanding the mechanisms of expression underlying long-term potentiation (LTP). They are agreed to involve an increase in synaptic efficacy, which is described by three multiplicative parameters: p, the probability of neurotransmitter release; n, the number of active release sites; and q...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.94.11.5888
更新日期:1997-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::Antimicrobial peptides constitute an important component of the mammalian innate immune response. Several types of antimicrobial peptides, including the beta-defensins, are produced at epithelial surfaces in response to infectious threats. Here we show that a class of small molecules, including l-isoleucine and severa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.220424597
更新日期:2000-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::Stimulated human monocytes release several proteins thought to play a role in inflammation, including interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor, and plasminogen activator. We have purified another proinflammatory protein that is chemotactic for human neutrophils from conditioned medium of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mono...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.24.9233
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is evidence that interstitial telomere (TTAGGG)n-like sequences at chromosome 2 fragile sites play an important role in the somatic events that characterize the earliest phases of radiation-induced acute myeloid leukemia in the CBA/H mouse. Here we show that the highly inbred CBA/H colony unexpectedly contains f...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.4.1407
更新日期:1993-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Plasmid pT181 is a 4437-base-pair, multicopy plasmid of Staphylococcus aureus that encodes tetracycline resistance. The replication of the leading strand of pT181 DNA initiates by covalent extension of a site-specific nick generated by the initiator protein at the origin of replication and proceeds by an asymmetric ro...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stimulation of catecholamine release was studied in the isolated adrenal of the cat during retrograde perfusion. Theophylline, adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP), and dibutyryl-cyclic AMP stimulated catecholamine release in adrenal chromaffin tissue; adenosine, 2'-AMP, 3'-AMP, and 5'-AMP were ineffectiv...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.69.4.834
更新日期:1972-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrate biosynthesis was studied in LPS-sensitive C3H/He and LPS-resistant C3H/HeJ mice. Intraperitoneal injection of 15 micrograms of LPS led to a temporary 5- to 6-fold increase in blood nitrate concentration in the C3H/He strain. Levels of nitrate excreted in the ur...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.22.7738
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs) are key drivers of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, which profoundly impedes the clinical response to immune-dependent and conventional therapeutic modalities. As a hallmark of glioblastoma (GBM), TAMCs are massively recruited to reach up to 50% of the brain tumor...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1906346116
更新日期:2019-11-19 00:00:00