Abstract:
:Two objects with homologous landmarks are said to be of the same shape if the configuration of landmarks of one object can be exactly matched with that of the other by translation, rotation/reflection, and scaling. In an earlier paper, the authors proposed statistical analysis of shape by considering logarithmic differences of all possible Euclidean distances between landmarks. Tests of significance for differences in the shape of objects and methods of discrimination between populations were developed with such data. In the present paper, the corresponding statistical methodology is developed by triangulation of the landmarks and by considering the angles as natural measurements of shape. This method is applied to the study of sexual dimorphism in hominids.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Rao CR,Suryawanshi Sdoi
10.1073/pnas.95.8.4121subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-04-14 00:00:00pages
4121-5issue
8eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章abstract::It is a well known fact that stirring keeps particles suspended in fluids. This is apparent, for instance, when shaking medicine flasks, when agitating tea deposits in a mug, or when heavy winds fill the air with dust particles. The commonplace nature of such observations makes it easy to accept that this feature will...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0401539101
更新日期:2004-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor necrosis factors (TNF) alpha and beta are structurally related cytokines that mediate a wide range of immunological, inflammatory, and cytotoxic effects. During bacterial infection of the bloodstream (sepsis), TNF-alpha induction by bacterial endotoxin is thought to be a major factor contributing to the cardiova...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.23.10535
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cAMP receptor protein (CRP) of Escherichia coli needs cAMP for an allosteric change to regulate gene expression by binding to specific DNA sites. The hinge region connecting the DNA-binding domain to the cAMP-binding domain has been proposed to participate in the cAMP-induced allosteric change necessary to adjust ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.1.75
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biological processes often require that a single gene product participate in multiple types of molecular interactions. Viruses with quasiequivalent capsids provide an excellent paradigm for studying such phenomena because identical protein subunits are found in different structural environments. Differences in subunit...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.1.27
更新日期:1996-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental in vivo tumor models are essential for comprehending the dynamic process of human cancer progression, identifying therapeutic targets, and evaluating antitumor drugs. However, current rodent models are limited by high costs, long experimental duration, variability, restricted accessibility to the tumor, a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0408622102
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bacteriophage T4-encoded RegB endoribonuclease is produced during the early stage of phage development and targets mostly (but not exclusively) the Shine-Dalgarno sequences of early genes. In this work, we show that the degradation of RegB-cleaved mRNAs depends on a functional T4 polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1119802109
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To identify genes important for hair-cell function, we conducted a mutagenic screen in zebrafish. Larvae from one mutant line, ru848, were unresponsive to acoustic stimuli and unable to balance. The mutation results in a 90% reduction in hair-cell number and partial retinal degeneration by 5 days postfertilization. We...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0308474100
更新日期:2004-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::Normal rat kidney cells were nonproductively infected either with CP27, a mutant of Moloney sarcoma virus that is temperature-sensitive for maintenance of transformation, or with the parental wild-type virus. The nonproducer cells were inoculated into the tails of athymic nude mice that were subsequently incubated at ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.3.1501
更新日期:1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reports the development of an optical imaging technique, confocal light absorption and scattering spectroscopic (CLASS) microscopy, capable of noninvasively determining the dimensions and other physical properties of single subcellular organelles. CLASS microscopy combines the principles of light-scatteri...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0708669104
更新日期:2007-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::All organisms contain thioredoxin (TRX), a regulatory thiol:disulfide protein that reduces disulfide bonds in target proteins. Unlike animals and yeast, plants contain numerous TRXs for which no function has been assigned in vivo. Recent in vitro proteomic approaches have opened the way to the identification of >100 T...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0506880102
更新日期:2005-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::RNA synthesis in isolated brain nuclei was analyzed 2.5 hr after the intravenous administration of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) to young rabbits. The drug stimulated transcription by 54% in brain stem nuclei and by 13% in cerebral hemisphere nuclei expressed over saline controls. Both nucleoplasmic and nucleolar...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.3.837
更新日期:1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the growing interest in collective phenomena such as "swarm intelligence" and "wisdom of the crowds," little is known about the mechanisms underlying decision-making in vertebrate animal groups. How do animals use the behavior of others to make more accurate decisions, especially when it is not possible to ide...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0710344105
更新日期:2008-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::Heparin preparations from pig intestinal mucosa and from bovine lung were separated by chromatography on antithrombin-Sepharose into a high-affinity fraction (with high anticoagulant activity) and a low-affinity fraction (with low anticoagulant). Antithrombin-binding heparin fragments (12-16 monosaccharide units) were...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.7.3198
更新日期:1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is a causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). To elucidate the role of HTLV-I in leukemogenesis, we examined the biological activity of a defective HTLV-I provirus with the env-pX 3' long terminal repeat region cloned from leukemic cells of an ATL patient. Transfectio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.3.1071
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An elegant expression is obtained for the product of the inverse Weierstrass-Laguerre transforms of two functions in terms of their convolution. It is also shown how the main result can be extended to hold for the product of the inverse Weierstrass-Laguerre transforms of several functions. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.68.3.554
更新日期:1971-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent years have witnessed an increased public outcry in certain quarters about a perceived lack of attention given to successful members of disadvantaged groups relative to equally meritorious members of advantaged groups, exemplified by social media campaigns centered around hashtags, such as #OscarsSoWhite and #Wo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1818545116
更新日期:2019-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::Esterase 6 is a polymorphic carboxylesterase (carboxylic-ester hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.1) localized to the reproductive tract of male Drosophila melanogaster and transferred to females at copulation. The reproductive fitness of males is strongly affected by temperature and the esterase 6 alleles (active versus null) that ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.9.2962
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soluble, glutathione-stimulated delta 5-3-ketosteroid isomerase (EC 5.3.3.A) activity of human and rat liver resides in very basic proteins with molecular weights of about 45,000 which are present in high concentrations in these tissues. Physiochemical and immunological evidence is presented for the identity of the pr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.1.158
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCHL1), a neuron-specific de-ubiquitinating enzyme, is one of the most abundant proteins in the brain. We describe three siblings from a consanguineous union with a previously unreported early-onset progressive neurodegenerative syndrome featuring childhood onset blindness, cerebella...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1222732110
更新日期:2013-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular adaptation is typically assumed to proceed by sequential fixation of beneficial mutations. In diploids, this picture presupposes that for most adaptive mutations, the homozygotes have a higher fitness than the heterozygotes. Here, we show that contrary to this expectation, a substantial proportion of adaptiv...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1114573108
更新日期:2011-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::The p6 domain of HIV-1 Gag contains highly conserved peptide motifs that recruit host machinery to sites of virus assembly, thereby promoting particle release from the infected cell. We previously reported that mutations in the YPXnL motif of p6, which binds the host protein Alix, severely impair HIV-1 replication. Pr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1820333116
更新日期:2019-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::Single cortical neurons in the mammalian brain receive signals arising from multiple sensory input channels. Dendritic integration of these afferent signals is critical in determining the amplitude and time course of the neurons' output signals. As of yet, little is known about the spatial and temporal organization of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1112355108
更新日期:2011-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::Chemokine homologs are encoded by many large DNA viruses, suggesting that they contribute to control of host leukocyte transmigration and trafficking during viral infection. Murine cytomegalovirus carries a CC (beta) chemokine homolog gene giving rise to two related proteins, murine cytomegalovirus chemokine 1 and 2 (...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.19.10881
更新日期:1999-09-14 00:00:00
abstract::Polyamides containing N-methylimidazole (Im) and N-methylpyrrole (Py) amino acids can be combined in antiparallel side-by-side dimeric complexes for sequence-specific recognition in the minor groove of DNA. Six polyamides containing three to eight rings bind DNA sites 5-10 bp in length, respectively. Quantitative DNas...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.14.6981
更新日期:1996-07-09 00:00:00
abstract::We have tested the effect of increased ribosomal fidelity on a modified version of the programmed release factor 2 (RF2) translational frameshift. In the constructs tested, the original UGA codon at the site of the shift was replaced by either of two sense codons, UGG (tryptophan), which allows a frameshift of approxi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.6.2315
更新日期:1993-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::The origin of the multicellular animals has been investigated by rate invariant analysis of 18S rRNA sequences. These analyses indicate that (i) the Metazoa is a monophyletic taxon; (ii) the Deuterostomia is a monophyletic taxon; (iii) the Annelida-Mollusca lineage is the sister group of an arthropod subgroup; and (iv...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.2.763
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism by which antifreeze proteins (AFPs) irreversibly bind to ice has not yet been resolved. The ice-binding site of an AFP is relatively hydrophobic, but also contains many potential hydrogen bond donors/acceptors. The extent to which hydrogen bonding and the hydrophobic effect contribute to ice binding has ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1100429108
更新日期:2011-05-03 00:00:00
abstract::Encoding ribonuclease H1 (RNase H1) degrades RNA hybridized to DNA, and its function is essential for mitochondrial DNA maintenance in the developing mouse. Here we define the role of RNase H1 in mitochondrial DNA replication. Analysis of replicating mitochondrial DNA in embryonic fibroblasts lacking RNase H1 reveals ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1503653112
更新日期:2015-07-28 00:00:00
abstract::The frequencies of diverse rearrangements of variable (V)lambda to joining (J)lambda gene segments were examined by Southern blot hybridization in 30 murine B-cell lines, each producing an immunoglobulin lambda light chain of known subtype (lambda 1, lambda 2, or lambda 3). For 11 out of 12 lambda 1 chains, the rearra...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.8.2484
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 90-kDa surface glycoprotein was previously isolated and shown to be required for infection by the "major" group of human rhinovirus (HRV) serotypes. In the present work, the amino acid sequence of the receptor protein was obtained from CNBr and tryptic peptides. Using degenerate oligonucleotides predicted from the p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.13.4907
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00