African trypanosomes expressing multiple VSGs are rapidly eliminated by the host immune system.

abstract：:Aged rats, displaying impairments in spatial learning and memory associated with marked cellular atrophy of forebrain cholinergic neurons, received intracerebroventricular infusions of one of the four neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), or neurotrop...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fischer W,Sirevaag A,Wiegand SJ,Lindsay RM,Björklund A

更新日期：1994-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease of the lung characterized by abnormal T helper-2 (T(H)2) lymphocyte responses to inhaled antigens. The molecular mechanisms leading to the generation of T(H)2 responses remain unclear, although toll-like receptors (TLRs) present on innate immune cells play a pivotal role in s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mattes J,Collison A,Plank M,Phipps S,Foster PS

更新日期：2009-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Several lines of evidence suggest that the mixed lineage leukemia protein (MLL, ALL-1, HRX) plays a role in regulating myelomonocytic differentiation. In this study we examined the effect of expression of MLL-AF9 on differentiation of the monoblastic U937 cell line by using a tetracycline-inducible expression system. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Caslini C,Shilatifard A,Yang L,Hess JL

更新日期：2000-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:We analyzed variability in outer surface protein B (OspB) from Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), the causative agent of Lyme disease, to determine how Bb escapes immune destruction. We have shown that vaccination with OspB from Bb strain B31 protected mice from infection with Bb B31 but not against Bb N40. The present study ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fikrig E,Tao H,Kantor FS,Barthold SW,Flavell RA

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Expression systems based on the Escherichia coli arabinose operon P(BAD) promoter exhibit the all-or-nothing (autocatalytic) induction of expression that was first documented in the lac operon. Under conditions of subsaturating levels of inducer, some of the cells of the population are fully induced, whereas other cel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morgan-Kiss RM,Wadler C,Cronan JE Jr

更新日期：2002-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Cholinergic pathways serve important functions in learning and memory processes, and deficits in cholinergic transmission occur in Alzheimer disease (AD). A subset of muscarinic cholinergic receptors are linked to G-proteins that activate phospholipase C, resulting in the liberation of inositol trisphosphate and Ca2+ ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kelly JF,Furukawa K,Barger SW,Rengen MR,Mark RJ,Blanc EM,Roth GS,Mattson MP

更新日期：1996-06-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of p53 tumor suppressor by antagonizing its negative regulator murine double minute (MDM)2 has been considered an attractive strategy for cancer therapy and several classes of p53-MDM2 binding inhibitors have been developed. However, these compounds do not inhibit the p53-MDMX interaction, and their effecti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Graves B,Thompson T,Xia M,Janson C,Lukacs C,Deo D,Di Lello P,Fry D,Garvie C,Huang KS,Gao L,Tovar C,Lovey A,Wanner J,Vassilev LT

更新日期：2012-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunoglobulin sequences were compared by using a technique that takes into account the dissimilarity in physicochemical properties of amino acids. Exterior residues showed greater structural variability than interior residues. High structural variability was found at positions known from crystallographic studies to b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Padlan EA

更新日期：1977-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:L-Asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) inhibited respiration in sensitive, but not resistant, lines of murine lymphoma 6C3HED. Glucose, in these tumor lines, was principally converted to lactate, and very little was oxidized in the citric acid cycle or hexose monophosphate shunt. The cells derived 70-80% of their respiratory CO(...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lavietes BB,Regan DH,Demopoulos HB

更新日期：1974-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept of contagion has steadily expanded from its original grounding in epidemic disease to describe a vast array of processes that spread across networks, notably social phenomena such as fads, political opinions, the adoption of new technologies, and financial decisions. Traditional models of social contagion ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ugander J,Backstrom L,Marlow C,Kleinberg J

更新日期：2012-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The crown gall teratoma tumor line BT37, incited by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain T37, has been found to contain part of the tumor-inducing plasmid, pTi T37, of the inciting strain. This foreign DNA segment, called T-DNA, is maintained at several copies per diploid tumor cell. We have examined subcellular DNA fract...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chilton MD,Saiki RK,Yadav N,Gordon MP,Quetier F

更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection of newborn rats with Borne disease virus (BDV) results in selective degeneration of granule cell neurons of the dentate gyrus (DG). To study cellular countermechanisms that might prevent this pathology, we screened for rat strains resistant to this BDV-induced neuronal degeneration. To this end, we infected ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu YJ,Schulz H,Lin CC,Saar K,Patone G,Fischer H,Hübner N,Heimrich B,Schwemmle M

更新日期：2013-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe here the size and location of nephrin, the first protein to be identified at the glomerular podocyte slit diaphragm. In Western blots, nephrin antibodies generated against the two terminal extracellular Ig domains of recombinant human nephrin recognized a 180-kDa protein in lysates of human glomeruli and a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ruotsalainen V,Ljungberg P,Wartiovaara J,Lenkkeri U,Kestilä M,Jalanko H,Holmberg C,Tryggvason K

更新日期：1999-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The integrity of cell membranes is maintained by a balance between the amount of cholesterol and the amounts of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in phospholipids. This balance is maintained by membrane-bound transcription factors called sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) that activate genes encod...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brown MS,Goldstein JL

更新日期：1999-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute myeloid leukemia subtype M4 with eosinophilia is associated with a chromosome 16 inversion that creates a fusion gene CBFB-MYH11. We have previously shown that CBFB-MYH11 is necessary but not sufficient for leukemogenesis. Here, we report the identification of genes that specifically cooperate with CBFB-MYH11 in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Castilla LH,Perrat P,Martinez NJ,Landrette SF,Keys R,Oikemus S,Flanegan J,Heilman S,Garrett L,Dutra A,Anderson S,Pihan GA,Wolff L,Liu PP

更新日期：2004-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Coordinated changes in gene expression underlie the early patterning and cell-type specification of the central nervous system. However, much less is known about how such changes contribute to later stages of circuit assembly and refinement. In this study, we employ single-cell RNA sequencing to develop a detailed, wh...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kalish BT,Cheadle L,Hrvatin S,Nagy MA,Rivera S,Crow M,Gillis J,Kirchner R,Greenberg ME

更新日期：2018-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Respiratory cytochrome c has been found to be phosphorylated at tyrosine 97 in the postischemic brain upon neuroprotective insulin treatment, but how such posttranslational modification affects mitochondrial metabolism is unclear. Here, we report the structural features and functional behavior of a phosphomimetic cyto...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guerra-Castellano A,Díaz-Quintana A,Pérez-Mejías G,Elena-Real CA,González-Arzola K,García-Mauriño SM,De la Rosa MA,Díaz-Moreno I

更新日期：2018-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Social networks exhibit strikingly systematic patterns across a wide range of human contexts. Although genetic variation accounts for a significant portion of the variation in many complex social behaviors, the heritability of egocentric social network attributes is unknown. Here, we show that 3 of these attributes (i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fowler JH,Dawes CT,Christakis NA

更新日期：2009-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Living organisms detect changes in temperature using thermosensory molecules. However, these molecules and/or their mechanisms for sensing temperature differ among organisms. To identify thermosensory molecules in plants, we investigated chloroplast positioning in response to temperature changes and identified a blue-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fujii Y,Tanaka H,Konno N,Ogasawara Y,Hamashima N,Tamura S,Hasegawa S,Hayasaki Y,Okajima K,Kodama Y

更新日期：2017-08-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens reinforces the need for structures of antibiotic-ribosome complexes that are accurate enough to enable the rational design of novel ribosome-targeting therapeutics. Structures of many antibiotics in complex with both archaeal and eubacterial ribosomes have be...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bulkley D,Innis CA,Blaha G,Steitz TA

更新日期：2010-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous work has shown that the kinetoplast minicircle DNA of Leishmania species exhibits species-specific sequence divergence and this observation has led to the development of a DNA probe-based diagnostic test for leishmaniasis. In the work reported here, we demonstrate that the minicircle is composed of three type...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rogers WO,Wirth DF

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seizure activity regulates gene expression for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NRTN), and their receptor components, the transmembrane c-Ret tyrosine kinase and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored GDNF family receptor (GFR) alpha 1 and alpha 2 in limbic structures. We demonstrat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nanobashvili A,Airaksinen MS,Kokaia M,Rossi J,Asztély F,Olofsdotter K,Mohapel P,Saarma M,Lindvall O,Kokaia Z

更新日期：2000-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:It is suggested that active transport, muscle contraction, and ribosomal translocation may all make use of a common allosteric mechanism in which ATP or GTP serves as both the effector and substrate and in which a conformational change in a protein (enzyme) moves or exerts a force on a second ligand. The enzymatic spl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hill TL

更新日期：1969-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcription in eukaryotic nuclei is carried out by DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I, II, and III. Human RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcribes small untranslated RNAs that include tRNAs, 5S RNA, U6 RNA, and some microRNAs. Increased Pol III transcription has been reported to accompany or cause cell transformation. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Haurie V,Durrieu-Gaillard S,Dumay-Odelot H,Da Silva D,Rey C,Prochazkova M,Roeder RG,Besser D,Teichmann M

更新日期：2010-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The light-entrained master central circadian clock (CC) located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) not only controls the diurnal alternance of the active phase (the light period of the human light-dark cycle, but the mouse dark period) and the rest phase (the human dark period, but the mouse light period), but also ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mukherji A,Kobiita A,Damara M,Misra N,Meziane H,Champy MF,Chambon P

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present study we have observed that interleukin (IL) 1 alpha or IL-1 beta directly induced expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the latently infected human promonocytic cell line U1. In addition, IL-1 synergized with IL-6, but not with tumor necrosis factor, in the upregulation of virus expressio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Poli G,Kinter AL,Fauci AS

更新日期：1994-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Migraine is characterized by severe headaches that can be preceded by an aura likely caused by cortical spreading depression (SD). The antiepileptic pregabalin (Lyrica) shows clinical promise for migraine therapy, although its efficacy and mechanism of action are unclear. As detected by diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI)...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cain SM,Bohnet B,LeDue J,Yung AC,Garcia E,Tyson JR,Alles SR,Han H,van den Maagdenberg AM,Kozlowski P,MacVicar BA,Snutch TP

更新日期：2017-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The physiological significance of multiple G-protein-coupled receptor subtypes, such as the beta-adrenergic receptors (beta ARs), remains obscure, since in many cases several subtypes activate the same effector and utilize the same physiological agonists. We inspected the deduced amino acid sequences of the beta AR su...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liggett SB,Freedman NJ,Schwinn DA,Lefkowitz RJ

更新日期：1993-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Detailed molecular definition of the WAGR region at chromosome 11p13 has been achieved by chromosome breakpoint analysis and long-range restriction mapping. Here we describe the molecular detection of a cytogenetically invisible 1-megabase deletion in an individual with aniridia, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias but no...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van Heyningen V,Bickmore WA,Seawright A,Fletcher JM,Maule J,Fekete G,Gessler M,Bruns GA,Huerre-Jeanpierre C,Junien C

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 (IL-1) activates the transcription of many genes encoding acute phase and proinflammatory proteins, a function mediated primarily by the transcription factor NF-kappaB. An early IL-1 signaling event is the recruitment of the Ser/Thr kinase IRAK to the type I IL-1 receptor (IL...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huang J,Gao X,Li S,Cao Z

更新日期：1997-11-25 00:00:00